827 research outputs found
Aperture-free star formation rate of SDSS star-forming galaxies
Large area surveys with a high number of galaxies observed have undoubtedly
marked a milestone in the understanding of several properties of galaxies, such
as star-formation history, morphology, and metallicity. However, in many cases,
these surveys provide fluxes from fixed small apertures (e.g. fibre), which
cover a scant fraction of the galaxy, compelling us to use aperture corrections
to study the global properties of galaxies. In this work, we derive the current
total star formation rate (SFR) of Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) star-forming
galaxies, using an empirically based aperture correction of the measured flux for the first time, thus minimising the uncertainties associated
with reduced apertures. All the fluxes have been
extinction-corrected using the ratio free from aperture
effects. The total SFR for 210,000 SDSS star-forming galaxies has been
derived applying pure empirical and aperture
corrections based on the Calar Alto Legacy Integral Field Area (CALIFA) survey.
We find that, on average, the aperture-corrected SFR is 0.65dex higher
than the SDSS fibre-based SFR. The relation between the SFR and stellar mass
for SDSS star-forming galaxies (SFR--) has been obtained, together
with its dependence on extinction and equivalent width. We
compare our results with those obtained in previous works and examine the
behaviour of the derived SFR in six redshift bins, over the redshift range . The SFR-- sequence derived here is in
agreement with selected observational studies based on integral field
spectroscopy of individual galaxies as well as with the predictions of recent
theoretical models of disc galaxies
The extended HeII4686-emitting region in IZw18 unveiled: clues for peculiar ionizing sources
New integral field spectroscopy has been obtained for IZw18, the nearby
lowest-metallicity galaxy considered our best local analog of systems forming
at high-z. Here we report the spatially resolved spectral map of the nebular
HeII4686 emission in IZw18, from which we derived for the first time its total
HeII-ionizing flux. Nebular HeII emission implies the existence of a hard
radiation field. HeII-emitters are observed to be more frequent among high-z
galaxies than for local objects. So investigating the HeII-ionizing source(s)
in IZw18 may reveal the ionization processes at high-z. HeII emission in
star-forming galaxies, has been suggested to be mainly associated with
Wolf-Rayet stars (WRs), but WRs cannot satisfactorily explain the
HeII-ionization at all times, in particular at lowest metallicities. Shocks
from supernova remnants, or X-ray binaries, have been proposed as additional
potential sources of HeII-ionizing photons. Our data indicate that conventional
HeII-ionizing sources (WRs, shocks, X-ray binaries) are not sufficient to
explain the observed nebular HeII4686 emission in IZw18. We find that the
HeII-ionizing radiation expected from models for either low-metallicity
super-massive O stars or rotating metal-free stars could account for the
HeII-ionization budget measured, while only the latter models could explain the
highest values of HeII4686/Hbeta observed. The presence of such peculiar stars
in IZw18 is suggestive and further investigation in this regard is needed. This
letter highlights that some of the clues of the early Universe can be found
here in our cosmic backyard.Comment: 6 pages, 3 figures. Accepted for publication in ApJ Letter
Planning Complex Agro-Ecosystems: The Case of Analog Forestry
Traditional agroecosystems, aimed at maximizing the short term productivity, are characterized by
oversimplification of ecological structure and dependence on the use of external inputs. Moreover,
intensive agriculture is one of the main cause of deforestation. The main consequence of traditional
agriculture is the loss of natural ecosystems and of their precious services. Analog forestry has emerged
as a sustainable productive model able to be integrated in forest contexts, without degrading their
ecological functions. The obtained agro-ecosystem is characterized by an ecological structure similar to
the one of forest, and by the presence of several productive species in the same area. In this study we
formalize a planning problem aimed at the optimized design of an analog forest on the medium term. In
particular, besides the maximization of income, we considered both ecological (i.e., the presence of
different vertical layers and several species) and socio-economic requirements (i.e., the smoothing of
both inter- and intra-annual variability of income). We focus the analysis on the Peruvian Amazon, basing
on a species database created by ArBio, a Peruvian association which promotes the analog forestry as
tool for pursuing the conservation of forest ecosystem services. The obtained results show that the interannual
income variability, characterizing an approach of short-term maximization, can be eliminated by
adopting the gradual planting of individuals belonging to the same species. Secondly, we quantified the
economic and ecological performance of the designed analog forest under different settings of the
planning problem. The introduction of the defined ecological and socio-economic constraints affects the
economic performance on the medium term, by reducing the annual economic income up to 80%
The Spatial Distribution of Atomic Carbon Emission in the Giant Molecular Cloud NGC 604-2
We have mapped a giant molecular cloud in the giant HII region NGC 604 in M33
in the 492 GHz ^3P_1 -- ^3P_0 transition of neutral atomic carbon using the
James Clerk Maxwell Telescope. We find the distribution of the [CI] emission to
be asymmetric with respect to the CO J=1--0 emission, with the peak of the [CI]
emission offset towards the direction of the center of the HII region. In
addition, the line ratio I_{[CI]}/I_{CO} is highest (~ 0.2) facing the HII
region and lowest (< 0.1) away from it. These asymmetries indicate an edge-on
morphology where the [CI] emission is strongest on the side of the cloud facing
the center of the HII region, and not detected at all on the opposite side This
suggests that the sources of the incident flux creating C from the dissociation
of CO are the massive stars of the HII region. The lowest line ratios are
similar to what is observed in Galactic molecular clouds, while the highest are
similar to starburst galaxies and other regions of intense star formation. The
column density ratio, N(C)/N(H_2) is a few times 10^{-6}, in general agreement
with models of photodissociation regions.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ. 8 pages, 5 figures, 3 table
The Effect of Star Formation on Molecular Clouds in Dwarf Irregular Galaxies: IC 10 and NGC 6822
We have observed the 13CO J=2-1, 12CO J=2-1 and 12CO J=3-2 lines at a few
locations in the dwarf irregular galaxies IC 10 and NGC 6822 using the James
Clerk Maxwell Telescope. In addition, we report the first detection of the 13CO
J=3-2 transition in a Local Group galaxy. These low metallicity environments
appear to be porous to UV radiation and allow for more efficient heating of
molecular gas by nearby HII regions. The high 12CO J=3-2/J=2-1 ratio in NGC
6822 suggests that the 12CO emission is optically thin in this region. This
high line ratio is likely the result of its location inside a large HII region
with low metallicity and low gas content. In IC 10 we observe structures on a
variety of size scales that all appear to be gravitationally bound. This effect
may help explain the rather high star formation rate in IC 10.Comment: 20 pages with 6 ps figures, accepted for publication in The
Astrophysical Journa
The He abundance in the metal-deficient blue compact dwarf galaxies Tol 1214-277 and Tol 65
We present high-quality Keck telescope spectroscopic observations of the two
metal-deficient blue compact dwarf (BCD) galaxies Tol 1214-277 and Tol 65.
These data are used to derive the heavy-element and helium abundances. We find
that the oxygen abundances in Tol 1214-277 and Tol 65 are the same,
12+logO/H=7.54+/-0.01, or Zsun/24, despite the different ionization conditions
in these galaxies. The nitrogen-to-oxygen abundance ratio in both galaxies is
logN/O=-1.64+/-0.02 and lies in the narrow range found for the other most
metal-deficient BCDs. We use the five strongest HeI emission lines 3889, 4471,
5876, 6678 and 7065, to correct self-consistently their intensities for
collisional and fluorescent enhancement mechanisms and to derive the He
abundance. Underlying stellar absorption is found to be important for the HeI
4471 emission line in both galaxies, being larger in Tol 65. The weighted He
mass fractions in Tol 1214-277 and Tol 65 are respectively Y=0.2458+/-0.0039
and 0.2410+/-0.0050 when the three HeI emission lines, 4471, 5876 and 6678, are
used, and are, respectively, 0.2466+/-0.0043 and 0.2463+/-0.0057 when the HeI
4471 emission line is excluded. These values are in very good agreement with
recent measurements of the He mass fraction in others of the most
metal-deficient BCDs by Izotov and coworkers. We find that the combined effect
of the systematic uncertainties due to the underlying HeI stellar absorption
lines, ionization and temperature structure of the HII region and collisional
excitation of the hydrogen emission lines is likely small, not exceeding ~2%
(the error is 2sigma). Our results support the validity of the standard big
bang model of nucleosynthesis.Comment: 22 pages, 3 Postscript figures, accepted for publication in the
Astrophysical Journa
Binding of Antitumor Ruthenium(III) Complexes to Plasma Proteins
Presently, there is large interest in analysing the interactions in vitro with plasma proteins of some novel antitumor ruthenium(III) complexes that are in preclinical or clinical phase. The joint application of separation and spectroscopic techniques provides valuable information on the nature and the properties of the resulting ruthenium/protein adducts. Recent work carried out in our laboratory points out that, under physiological conditions, some selected ruthenium(III) complexes bind plasma proteins tightly with a marked preference for surface imidazole groups. Representative examples of interactions of antitumor ruthenium(III) complexes with plasma proteins such as albumin and transferrin are given. Notably the antitumor ruthenium(III) complexes considered here bind proteins much tighter than DNA; it is proposed that protein binding of ruthenium(III) complexes will have a large impact on the biodistribution, the pharmacokinetics and the mechanism of action of these experimental drugs
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