Relações étnico-raciais, desenvolvimento e educação: o ensino de história e cultura afro-brasileira como tentativa de desnaturalização da existência do racismo estrutural

This research aims to analyze the impact of Law No. 10.639, enacted in January 2003 – which introduced the mandatory inclusion of "Afro-Brazilian History and Culture" in the official school curriculum and created a way for the denaturalization of racism within the school space – and its implementation in relation to the subjectivity of black bodies. The significance of this research lies in the importance and urgency of topics that highlight ethnic-racial discussions and anti-racist education. The objectives of the study are to analyze the implementation of Law No. 10.639/2003 from both theoretical and practical perspectives in a public school located in the south of Minas Gerais, examining its impact within this context, and discussing the contributions of anti-racist education as a foundation for rethinking social development. The guiding question for this research is: How is Law No. 10.639/2003 applied and its impact observed in a public school in the south of Minas Gerais? To address this question, a qualitative research approach utilizing the Participatory Research (PR) method was chosen, which involves engaged research. The data collection instrument employed was a set of semi-structured questionnaires distributed through the Google Forms platform. The recipients of the questionnaires included high school students from the 2022 academic year, high school graduates between 2018 and 2021, as well as teachers and administrative staff from the same school in 2022. The choice of the starting year, 2018, was influenced by the formation of the Fala Miga Collective at the school. The survey sample consists of 79 responses. The data obtained from the questionnaires were analyzed using the empirical method of Content Analysis, as proposed by Bardin (2011). The research aims to problematize the prevailing development model in society, which is based on hierarchical race relations driven by political and economic factors. Consequently, the study emphasizes the significance and urgency of anti-racist education as a means to foster a more just and egalitarian society.O presente trabalho se propõe a analisar a reverberação da Lei nº 10.639, de janeiro de 2003, – a qual incluiu a obrigatoriedade da temática “História e Cultura Afro-Brasileira” no currículo oficial da Rede de Ensino e constitui um artifício para a desnaturalização do racismo no espaço escolar – e sua implementação no que se refere à observação da subjetividade dos corpos negros. O estudo ganha relevância em decorrência da importância e da urgência de temáticas que evidenciem a discussão étnico-racial e a educação antirracista. Os objetivos deste estudo consistem em analisar a aplicação da Lei nº 10.639/2003, a partir dos aspectos teóricos e práticos, em uma escola pública no Sul de Minas Gerais, buscando investigar as implicações de tal legislação neste espaço, bem como discutir as contribuições da educação antirracista enquanto pilar que possibilita repensar o desenvolvimento social. Sob este contexto, a pesquisa tem como questão norteadora a seguinte indagação: Como a Lei nº 10.639/2003 é aplicada e reverbera em uma escola pública no Sul de Minas Gerais? Ao ter em vista a problemática citada, optou-se pela pesquisa de abordagem qualitativa, com o método da Pesquisa Participante (PP), que se caracteriza por propor uma pesquisa engajada. Como instrumento de coletas de dados foram enviados, por meio da plataforma Google Formulários, questionários semiestruturados tanto a estudantes do Ensino Médio do ano letivo de 2022 e concluintes do Ensino Médio entre o ano de 2018 e 2021, quanto a professores(as) e equipe diretiva do ano de 2022 na escola em questão. O ano de início do recorte temporal, ou seja, 2018, foi escolhido por ser o ano em que no espaço da escola campo de nossa análise foi materializado o Coletivo Fala Miga. A amostra da pesquisa constitui-se de 79 respostas. Os dados obtidos por meio dos questionários foram analisados com base no método empírico da Análise de Conteúdo, proposto por Bardin (2011). Assim, a pesquisa problematiza o modelo de desenvolvimento presente na sociedade, o qual é estruturado em relações hierarquizadas de raça a partir de demandas políticas e econômicas; neste sentido, o estudo enfatiza a importância e a urgência de uma educação antirracista como engrenagem para o desenvolvimento de uma sociedade mais justa e igualitária

Enterobacteria isolation in ostrich eggs (Struthio Camelus)

This study was conducted to determine the presence of enterobacteria in the eggs of ostriches reared on a farm with a history of reproductive failure. Ninety samples from twenty eggs were submitted to bacteriological tests. The results showed Enterobacteria growth in 100% of the eggs. The microorganisms isolated were Hafnia alvei in 50% (10/20), Serratia spp. in 20% (4/20), Escherichia coli in 15% (3/20), and Citrobacter freundii in 15% (3/20). All eggs presented poor eggshell quality, which favored enterobacteria contamination. Hafnia alvei was present only in the internal egg structures (albumen and yolk sac), suggesting the possibility of vertical infection

Integration of animal health and public health surveillance sources to exhaustively inform the risk of zoonosis: An application to echinococcosis in Rio Negro, Argentina

Fil: Lawson, Andrew. Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America.Fil: Boaz, Robertr. Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America.Fil: Corberan Vallet, Ana. University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.Fil: Arezo, Marcos. Ministerio de Salud, Viedma, Rio Negro, Argentina.Fil: Larrieu, Edmundo. Universidad Nacional de Río Negro, Río Negro, Argentina.Fil: Vigilato, Marcos. Organización Panamericana de la Salud, San Salvador, El Salvador.Fil: Del Rio, Vilas. Centre for Universal Health,Chatham House, London, United Kingdom.The analysis of zoonotic disease risk requires the consideration of both human and animal geo-referenced disease incidence data. Here we show an application of joint Bayesian analyses to the study of echinococcosis granulosus (EG) in the province of Rio Negro, Argentina. We focus on merging passive and active surveillance data sources of animal and human EG cases using joint Bayesian spatial and spatio-temporal models. While similar spatial clustering and temporal trending was apparent, there appears to be limited lagged dependence between animal and human outcomes. Beyond the data quality issues relating to missingness at different times, we were able to identify relations between dog and human data and the highest 'at risk' areas for echinococcosis within the province.El análisis del riesgo de enfermedades zoonóticas requiere la consideración de datos de incidencia de enfermedades georreferenciados tanto en humanos como en animales. Aquí mostramos una aplicación de análisis bayesianos conjuntos al estudio de la equinococosis granulosus (EG) en la provincia de Río Negro, Argentina. Nos enfocamos en fusionar fuentes de datos de vigilancia pasiva y activa de casos de EG animales y humanos utilizando modelos espaciales y espacio-temporales conjuntos bayesianos. Si bien fue evidente una agrupación espacial y una tendencia temporal similares, parece haber una dependencia rezagada limitada entre los resultados animales y humanos. Más allá de los problemas de calidad de los datos relacionados con la falta de datos en diferentes momentos, pudimos identificar las relaciones entre los datos de perros y humanos y las áreas de mayor 'riesgo' de equinococosis dentro de la provincia

Pengembangan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (Lks) Kimia Sma/ma Berbasis Learning Cycle 5e Pada Materi Laju Reaksi

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: (1) mengembangkan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) berbasis Learning Cycle 5E, (2) mengetahui kualitas Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) berbasis Learning Cycle 5E, (3) mengetahui efektivitas Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) berbasis Learning Cycle 5E untuk meningkatkan prestasi belajar siswa. Penelitian dan pengembangan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) berbasis Learning Cycle 5E menggunakan prosedur penelitian dan pengembangan dari Borg and Gall yang disederhanakan menjadi 9 tahapan yaitu: (1) penelitian pendahuluan dan pengumpulan data, (2) perencanaan, (3) pengembangan produk, (4) uji coba lapangan awal, (5) revisi produk awal, (6) uji coba pelaksanaan lapangan, (7) penyempurnaan produk hasil uji coba lapangan, (8) uji coba pelaksanaan lapangan, (9) penyempurnaan produk akhir. Analisis Data yang digunakan adalah analisis deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil Penelitian menunjukkan: (1) telah berhasil dikembangkan Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) berbasis Learning Cycle 5E pada materi Laju Reaksi yang dilakukan berdasarkan tahapan penelitian dan pengembangan R&D yang terdiri dari 9 tahapan, (2) kualitas Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) berbasis Learning Cycle 5E pada materi Laju Reaksi memiliki kualitas sangat baik pada aspek komponen kelayakan isi, bahasa, penyajian dan kegrafisan dengan persentase sebesar 84,06% berdasarkan penilaian siswa dan 90,88% berdasarkan penilaian guru, (hasil uji efektivitas pada aspek pengetahuan terdapat perbedaan antara kelas eksperimen (pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model Learning Cycle 5E disertai Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) berbasis Learning Cycle 5E ) dan kelas baseline (pembelajaran dengan menggunakan model pembelajaran Learning Cycle 5E tanpa disertai Lembar Kegiatan Siswa (LKS) berbasis Learning Cycle 5E ),, sedangkan pada aspek sikap dan keterampilan tidak terdapat perbedaan

One health for neglected tropical diseases

The forthcoming World Health Organization road map for neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) 2021–2030 recognises the complexity surrounding control and elimination of these 20 diseases of poverty. It emphasises the need for a paradigm shift from disease-specific interventions to holistic cross-cutting approaches coordinating with adjacent disciplines. The One Health approach exemplifies this shift, extending beyond a conventional model of zoonotic disease control to consider the interactions of human and animal health systems within their shared environment and the wider social and economic context. This approach can also promote sustainability and resilience within these systems. To achieve the global ambition on NTD elimination and control, political will, along with contextualised innovative scientific strategies, is required.http://trstmh.oxfordjournals.orghj2021Veterinary Tropical Disease

Tool for eliminating dog-mediated human rabies through mass dog vaccination campaigns

The World Health Organization and collaborating agencies have set the goal of eliminating dog-mediated human rabies by 2030. Building on experience with rabies endemic countries, we constructed a user-friendly tool to help public health officials plan the resources needed to achieve this goal through mass vaccination of dogs

Estimating the global burden of endemic canine rabies

Background: Rabies is a notoriously underreported and neglected disease of lowincome countries. This study aims to estimate the public health and economic burden of rabies circulating in domestic dog populations, globally and on a country-by-country basis, allowing an objective assessment of how much this preventable disease costs endemic countries.<p></p> Methodology/Principal Findings: We established relationships between rabies mortality and rabies prevention and control measures, which we incorporated into a model framework. We used data derived from extensive literature searches and questionnaires on disease incidence, control interventions and preventative measures within this framework to estimate the disease burden. The burden of rabies impacts on public health sector budgets, local communities and livestock economies, with the highest risk of rabies in the poorest regions of the world. This study estimates that globally canine rabies causes approximately 59,000 (95% Confidence Intervals: 25- 159,000) human deaths, over 3.7 million (95% CIs: 1.6-10.4 million) disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) and 8.6 billion USD (95% CIs: 2.9-21.5 billion) economic losses annually. The largest component of the economic burden is due to premature death (55%), followed by direct costs of post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP, 20%) and lost income whilst seeking PEP (15.5%), with only limited costs to the veterinary sector due to dog vaccination (1.5%), and additional costs to communities from livestock losses (6%).<p></p> Conclusions/Significance: This study demonstrates that investment in dog vaccination, the single most effective way of reducing the disease burden, has been inadequate and that the availability and affordability of PEP needs improving. Collaborative investments by medical and veterinary sectors could dramatically reduce the current large, and unnecessary, burden of rabies on affected communities. Improved surveillance is needed to reduce uncertainty in burden estimates and to monitor the impacts of control efforts.<p></p&gt