Angiostrongylus vasorum: Experimental Infection and Larval Development in Omalonyx matheroni

The susceptibility and suitability of Omalonyx matheroni as an intermediate host of Angiostrongylus vasorum and the characteristics of larval recovery and development were investigated. Mollusks were infected, and from the 3rd to the 25th day after infection, larvae were recovered from groups of 50 individuals. The first observation of L2 was on the 5th day, and the first observation of L3 was on the 10th day. From the 22nd day on, all larvae were at the L3 stadium. Larval recovery varied from 78.2% to 95.2%. We found larval development to be faster in O. matheroni than in Biomphalaria glabrata. Our findings indicate that this mollusk is highly susceptible to A. vasorum. Infective L3 were orally inoculated into a dog, and the prepatent period was 39 days. This is the first study to focus on O. matheroni as an intermediate host of A. vasorum

Co-segregation of recombinant inbred lines of the common bean to races 65 and 73 Colletotrichum lindemuthianum.

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is one of the most important legumes for direct human consumption (Lin et al. 2008). Anthracnose, caused by Colletotrichum lindemuthianum is the most widespread, recurrent and devastating disease of the common bean in Latin America and Africa (Pastor-Corrales and Tu 1989). The genetic mapping is carried out using segregating populations. Obtaining segregating populations for genetic mapping have been standard practice in the common bean research (Gepts et al. 1993; Blair et al. 2006). These populations have led to detailed studies and promising to greater efficiency in the genetic breeding of the crop worldwide, but have as limitation, the small size (Sanglard et al. 2013). Thus, the objective of this research was to phenotype the recombinant inbred lines (RIL?s) population from AND 277 × Rudá cross with the 65 and 73 races of Colletotrichum lindemuthianum

In vivo knockdown of Brachyury results in skeletal defects and urorectal malformations resembling caudal regression syndrome

The T-box transcription factor BRACHYURY (T) is a key regulator of mesoderm formation during early development. Complete loss of T has been shown to lead to embryonic lethality around E10.0. Here we characterize an inducible miRNA-based in vivo knockdown mouse model of T, termed KD3-T, which exhibits a hypomorphic phenotype. KD3-T embryos display axial skeletal defects caused by apoptosis of paraxial mesoderm, which is accompanied by urorectal malformations resembling the murine uro-recto-caudal syndrome and human caudal regression syndrome phenotypes. We show that there is a reduction of T in the notochord of KD3-T embryos which results in impaired notochord differentiation and its subsequent loss, whereas levels of T in the tailbud are sufficient for axis extension and patterning. Furthermore, the notochord in KD3-T embryos adopts a neural character and loses its ability to act as a signaling center. Since KD3-T animals survive until birth, they are useful for examining later roles for T in the development of urorectal tissues

Toward sustainable wax extraction from the Saccharum officinarum L. filter cake byproduct: process optimization, physicochemical characterization, and antioxidant performance

Saccharum officinarum L. exploitation and processing result in different byproducts, such as filter cake (FC). This study aimed to establish the most suitable experimental conditions to obtain lipophilic bioactive compounds from FC industrial residues, considering their high efficiency, cost-effectiveness, extraction yield, composition, and physicochemical properties. Results indicated that the most appropriate methodology consisted of the pretreatment of the FC sample with H2SO4, followed by ethanolic extraction (B6 method), avoiding energy-consumption FC drying steps and providing ethanol recovery (approx. 90%). The obtained B6 extract yield was 9.59 ± 0.27 g/100 g of FC dry weight, and this methodology proved to be more efficient in obtaining fatty alcohols (20.28 ± 1.48 g/kg extract) and phytosterols (31.56 ± 0.18 g/kg extract) while maintaining lower total monosaccharide concentration (26.19 ± 1.82 mg/g extract). Furthermore, the geographically related multivariate analysis in wax composition and antioxidant activity was evaluated by comparing B6 waxes from Guariba (G) and Univalem (U), both provided by Brazil and collected in June 2020. Overall, the wax composition is affected, but the antioxidant activity is uncompromised, which indicates that the optimized wax extraction method can be applied to FC.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Bioactive sugarcane lipids in a circular economy context

Most of the global sugar and ethanol supply trade comes from the harvesting of Saccharum officinarum (i.e., sugarcane). Its industrial processing results in numerous by-products and waste streams, such as tops, straw, filter cake, molasses and bagasse. The recovery of lipids (i.e., octacosanol, phytosterols, long-chain aldehydes and triterpenoids) from these residues is an excellent starting point for the development of new products for various application fields, such as health and well-being, representing an important feature of the circular economy. By selecting green scalable extraction procedures, industry can reduce its environmental impact. Refluxed ethanol extraction methods have been demonstrated to meet these characteristics. On the other hand, effective non-solvent methodologies such as molecular distillation and supercritical CO2 extraction can fractionate lipids based on high temperature and pressure application with similar yields. Sugarcane lipophilic extracts are usually analyzed through gas chromatography (GC) and liquid chromatography (LC) techniques. In many cases, the identification of such compounds involves the development of high-temperature GC–MS/FID techniques. On the other hand, for the identification and quantification of thermolabile lipids, LC–MS techniques are suitable for the separation and identification of major lipid classes. Generically, its composition includes terpenes, phytosterols, tocopherol, free fatty acids, fatty alcohols, wax esters, triglycerides, diglycerides and monoglycerides. These compounds are already known for their interesting application in various fields such as pharma and cosmetics due to their anti-hypercholesterolemic, anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Suitability for commercial utilization of carnauba and sugarcane waxes through determination of possible alterations during an accelerated stability test

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Characterization of patchouli and vanillin industrial wastes as a strategy for their valorization

Patchouli is a cyclic terpene alcohol used as a fragrance ingredient (i.e. powerful sweet, herbaceous and spicy) [1] that has been demonstrated to exert low acute dermal toxicity [2-3]. The aromatic aldehyde Vanillin is a widely used flavoring agent and relevant antifoaming ingredient [4]. Fragrances/flavoring production from plants is accomplished by steam distillation, supercritical CO2 or microwave assisted extraction. Hence, recent investigation suggests using of genetically modified microorganism to ensure reliable and sustainable supply [5]. Thus, Vanillin can be isolated from Vanilla planifolia, from chemical synthesis or by fermentation procedures [6]. In the framework of a valorization strategy, this research work aims to characterized fermentation by-products of the production of Patchouli and Vanillin through liquid (HPLC-ELSD) and gas chromatography (GC-QqQ). The assayed materials derived from the production of Patchouli and Vanillin contained high-value molecules such as Patchouli alcohol, α-Guaiene, α-Bulnesene and Vanillin and Vanillic Acid, as well as vanillin glucosides. Future assessment of its bioactivity will provide better information on the application of these compounds to turn waste into resource.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stability study of squalane and hemisqualane derived from synthetic biology

info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Stability study of squalane and hemisqualane derived from synthetic biology

Lipids obtained through fermentative processes have emerged as an excellent alternative to produce high-value molecules without compromising natural resources and meeting sustainable requirements [1]. A good example is squalene, the precursor of cholesterol in humans, known by protecting skin against UV radiation. It has been recently shown to reduce side-effects of chemotherapy and is widely used as adjuvant for pharmaceutical applications [2,3]. However, squalene is an unsaturated lipid and therefore susceptible to undergo oxidation. As a more stable alternative, processes to produce commercial squalane (SQ) and hemisqualane (HSQ) have been also developed.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio