Kinetics of rabies antibodies as a strategy for canine active immunization

Background: Rabies, a zoonosis found throughout the globe, is caused by a virus of the Lyssavirus genus. The disease is transmitted to humans through the inoculation of the virus present in the saliva of infected mammals. Since its prognosis is usually fatal for humans, nationwide public campaigns to vaccinate dogs and cats against rabies aim to break the epidemiological link between the virus and its reservoirs in Brazil.Findings: During 12 months we evaluated the active immunity of dogs first vaccinated (booster shot at 30 days after first vaccination) against rabies using the Fuenzalida-Palacios modified vaccine in the urban area of Botucatu city, Sao Pauto state, Brazil. Of the analyzed dogs, 54.7% maintained protective titers (>= 0.5 IU/mL) for 360 days after the first vaccination whereas 51.5% during all the study period.Conclusions: The present results suggest a new vaccination schedule for dogs that have never been vaccinated. In addition to the first dose of vaccine, two others are recommended: the second at 30 days after the first and the third dose at 180 days after the first for the maintenance of protective titers during 12 months

CONTAMINAÇÃO AMBIENTAL POR GEO-HELMINTOS EM PRAÇAS DO MUNICÍPIO DE BOTUCATU,SÃO PAULO.

As espécies geo-hemínticas têm grande relevância em saúde pública, devido à resistência das suas formas infectantes (ovos e larvas) no ambiente. As infecções por geo-helmintos apresentam capacidade relevante de causar morbidade, mas com baixa mortalidade em seres humanos. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi investigar a contaminação do solo por geo-helmintos em praças do município de Botucatu-SP, identificando a prevalência dos principais gêneros e sua ocorrência em praças de diferentes áreas do município. As praças foram catalogadas e distribuídas entre as regiões administrativas. As coletas de amostras de solo foram realizadas em dois momentos: momento I (de outubro a dezembro de 2017) e momento II (de fevereiro a março de 2018). No presente trabalho foram coletadas amostras de solo e avaliadas por meio das técnicas de centrífugo-sedimentação, centrífugo-flutuação com sulfato de zinco e o método de Baermann-Moraes na busca por ovos e larvas de geo-helmintos. A partir das análises das amostras do solo, a ocorrência de ovos de Toxocara sp. foi observada em 17,7% e 23,3%, respectivamente nos momentos I e II. A contaminação por ovos de ancilostomídeos foi observada em 6,6% das amostras, sendo encontrados somente nas coletas do momento II. Os resultados obtidos no presente estudo demonstraram que o risco de contaminação de seres humanos por ovos de Toxocara spp. existe, pois foi o geo-helminto mais prevalente e o principal fator de risco observado e relacionado à presença de ovos de Toxocara spp. nos locais investigados. Diante desse cenário, políticas de saúde pública são necessárias para evitar a contaminação da população humana que frequenta esses locais, combinando abordagens para prevenir a contaminação do solo e o controle das geohelmintíases na população

Investigação soroepidemiológica de leptospirose canina na área territorial urbana de Botucatu, São Paulo, Brasil

Leptospirosis was seroepidemiologically investigated in 775 dogs from Botucatu, state of Sao Paulo, in blood samples collected during the annual anti-rabies vaccination campaign. The samples were collected from 14 out of the 45 vaccination stations geographically distributed in five different municipal districts, with a territorial urban area of 31Km². Samples were taken from 449 males and 326 females; 564 were of undetermined breed, and 211 were pedigree animals; ages ranged from 3 months to 20 years. Diagnosis included the microscopic serum agglutination tests using 12 Leptospira spp serovars. Serological results and epidemiological variables were compared using Goodman and chi-square tests, with c=0.05. There were 119 (15.3%) positive samples for 11 serovars; the most important was canicola with 48 (40.3%), followed by pyrogenes 41 (34.5%). Statistical analysis showed significant difference for: breed, 17.7% positive in undetermined breeds and 9.0% in pedigrees; and sex, 18.4% positive in males and 11.0% in females. There was no statistically significant difference in relation to age with uniform distribution of positives.Investigou-se, soroepidemiologicamente, a leptospirose em 775 cães do município de Botucatu - SP, em amostras de sangue, obtidas durante a campanha anual de vacinação anti-rábica, coletadas de 14 postos de vacinação, distribuídos geograficamente, representando o total de 45 postos de cinco regiões do Município, com uma área territorial urbana de 31km². Do total de amostras, 449 eram de machos, e 326, de fêmeas; 564 eram de animais sem raça definida, e 211, puros. As idades variavam de três meses a 20 anos. Para o diagnóstico, foi realizada a soroaglutinação microscópica, utilizando-se 12 sorovares de Leptospira spp. A comparação entre o resultado do exame sorológico e as variáveis epidemiológicas foi realizada pelos testes de Goodman e do Qui-quadrado, coma= 0,05. Obtiveram-se 119 (15,3%) amostras positivas, com reação para 11 sorovares, com maior importância para o canicola, em 48 (40,3%) amostras, e pyrogenes, em 41 (34,5%). Pela análise estatística, encontrou-se diferença significativa em relação à raça - positividade em 17,7% dos animais sem raça definida e em 9,0% dos demais - e sexo - positividade em 18,4% de machos e 11,0% de fêmeas. Quanto à idade, não houve diferença significativa, com distribuição uniforme entre as faixas etárias estabelecidas

Ações interprofissionais de saúde da mulher em um projeto de extensão PET-Saúde

Interdisciplinary teamwork in the field of public health represents a challenge for higher education and professional practice. In response to this demand, a national program was created in Brazil, the Education Program for Work in Health (PET-Health), which aims at an effective articulation between teaching, research and community, given the involvement of undergraduate health students with the reality of the SUS, in search of permanent education for health system workers. Thus, this experience report aims to describe the actions of PET-Saúde Interprofessionality developed in a city in the interior of Goiás, from April to December 2019, focusing on women's health from the perspective of two students, two preceptors and three teachers. In view of the results, it is concluded that PET-Saúde provides different views to the participants, but all based on raising awareness of the importance of interprofessional work.  O trabalho em equipe interdisciplinar no campo da saúde pública representa um desafio para o ensino superior e para a prática profissional. Em resposta a essa demanda, criou-se, um programa nacional, no Brasil, o Programa de Educação para o Trabalho em Saúde (PET-Saúde), em que objetiva-se uma articulação efetiva entre ensino, pesquisa e comunidade, haja vista o envolvimento de estudantes de cursos de graduação da saúde com a realidade do SUS, em busca de educação permanente aos trabalhadores do sistema de saúde. Deste modo, este relato de experiência visa descrever as ações do PET-Saúde Interprofissionalidade desenvolvidas em uma cidade do interior de Goiás, período de abril a dezembro de 2019, com enfoque na saúde da mulher a partir do olhar de duas estudantes, duas preceptoras e três docentes. Diante dos resultados, conclui-se que o PET-Saúde proporciona visões diferentes às participantes, mas todas embasadas na sensibilização da importância do trabalho interprofissional

Epidemiología de las Enfermedades Periodontales en el Uruguay. Pasado y presente

El objetivo del artículo fue realizar una revisión sobre la Enfermedad Periodontal en Uruguay. Fueron consultadas bases de datos internacionales (PUBMED, SCOPUS, EBSCO, SciELO). Paralelamente la búsqueda abarcó fuentes nacionales (Biblioteca Nacional de Odontología, Centro de documentación de la Facultad de Odontología, Ministerio de Salud Pública, Dirección Nacional de Sanidad de las Fuerzas Armadas), complementado por búsqueda manual. Los estudios hallados aportaron información epidemiológica útil, además de permitir un repaso histórico sobre conceptos de epidemiología, etio-patogenía y corrientes hegemónicas de la periodoncia. La Enfermedad Gingival representa la patología más prevalente, mientras que los cuadros periodontales destructivos afectan fundamentalmente a los adultos. La edad, el origen geográfico, la clase social y el hábito de fumar son indicadores fuertemente asociados con dichos trastornos. De la lectura pormenorizada de los artículos recopilados se plantean sugerencias a ser consideradas en los próximos relevamientos epidemiológicos

Tumor das células da granulosa dos ovários pós-menopausa: relato de caso / Postmenopausal ovarian granulosa cell tumor: case report

Os tumores das células da granulosa (TCG) dos ovários originam-se do estroma especializado do ovário e são, em geral, malignos de baixo grau. Podem ser encontrados em qualquer faixa etária e apresentam-se em mulheres pós-menopausa em 2/3 dos casos. Podem causar sinais e sintomas devido à expansão da massa na cavidade abdominal e à secreção de estradiol pelo tumor, o que pode resultar em sangramento vaginal e puberdade precoce. Em mulheres pós-menopausa, a histerectomia abdominal total com salpingooforectomia bilateral é o tratamento apropriado. O fator prognóstico mais importante associado a recidivas é o estágio da doença. Devido à alta chance de recorrência, acompanhamento contínuo com exame clínico e dosagem de marcadores é recomendado. O objetivo deste artigo é reportar um caso de TCG e revisar o manejo adequado dessa patologia

Influence Of Spirituality In Pediatric Cancer Management: A Systematic Review

Context: Pediatric cancer is a wide challenge for the patients, family and health care team. They must deal with anxiety, distress, and pain. Thereby, to find meaning for this journey, they use different coping strategies, among which, spirituality appears to be a way, providing well-being and hope.Objective: The purpose of this review was to analyze the influence of spirituality in childhood cancer care, involving biopsychosocial aspects of child, family, and health professionals facing cancer.Data Sources: To achieve this goal, a systematic review of literature was conducted via electronic databases Scopus, MEDLINE and PubMed using Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) terms: “spiritualityâ€, “neoplasm†and “pediatricâ€.Study Selection: Through this search it was found 65 articles. After analyzing them by abstract 13 met the eligibility criteria and were entirely read before included in the final sample.Data Extractions: sys Most of the studies stated that spirituality helps pediatric patients and their families to find a positive meaning from cancer experience, turning better the management of child. Besides, health practitioners may be able to facilitate this process working as a multidisciplinary team, providing to patient an unabridged care. Results: In this context, previous studies stated that when health care team respects patient’s spirituality their connection becomes stronger allowing confidence to take place, promoting treatment engagement. Spirituality also revealed to be a psychological support that acts improving life’s quality.Conclusion: So, it is necessary to promote a deep discussion about this topic since graduation, providing humanized care to child with cancer by qualified health practitioners

Height and body-mass index trajectories of school-aged children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019 in 200 countries and territories: a pooled analysis of 2181 population-based studies with 65 million participants

Summary Background Comparable global data on health and nutrition of school-aged children and adolescents are scarce. We aimed to estimate age trajectories and time trends in mean height and mean body-mass index (BMI), which measures weight gain beyond what is expected from height gain, for school-aged children and adolescents. Methods For this pooled analysis, we used a database of cardiometabolic risk factors collated by the Non-Communicable Disease Risk Factor Collaboration. We applied a Bayesian hierarchical model to estimate trends from 1985 to 2019 in mean height and mean BMI in 1-year age groups for ages 5–19 years. The model allowed for non-linear changes over time in mean height and mean BMI and for non-linear changes with age of children and adolescents, including periods of rapid growth during adolescence. Findings We pooled data from 2181 population-based studies, with measurements of height and weight in 65 million participants in 200 countries and territories. In 2019, we estimated a difference of 20 cm or higher in mean height of 19-year-old adolescents between countries with the tallest populations (the Netherlands, Montenegro, Estonia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina for boys; and the Netherlands, Montenegro, Denmark, and Iceland for girls) and those with the shortest populations (Timor-Leste, Laos, Solomon Islands, and Papua New Guinea for boys; and Guatemala, Bangladesh, Nepal, and Timor-Leste for girls). In the same year, the difference between the highest mean BMI (in Pacific island countries, Kuwait, Bahrain, The Bahamas, Chile, the USA, and New Zealand for both boys and girls and in South Africa for girls) and lowest mean BMI (in India, Bangladesh, Timor-Leste, Ethiopia, and Chad for boys and girls; and in Japan and Romania for girls) was approximately 9–10 kg/m2. In some countries, children aged 5 years started with healthier height or BMI than the global median and, in some cases, as healthy as the best performing countries, but they became progressively less healthy compared with their comparators as they grew older by not growing as tall (eg, boys in Austria and Barbados, and girls in Belgium and Puerto Rico) or gaining too much weight for their height (eg, girls and boys in Kuwait, Bahrain, Fiji, Jamaica, and Mexico; and girls in South Africa and New Zealand). In other countries, growing children overtook the height of their comparators (eg, Latvia, Czech Republic, Morocco, and Iran) or curbed their weight gain (eg, Italy, France, and Croatia) in late childhood and adolescence. When changes in both height and BMI were considered, girls in South Korea, Vietnam, Saudi Arabia, Turkey, and some central Asian countries (eg, Armenia and Azerbaijan), and boys in central and western Europe (eg, Portugal, Denmark, Poland, and Montenegro) had the healthiest changes in anthropometric status over the past 3·5 decades because, compared with children and adolescents in other countries, they had a much larger gain in height than they did in BMI. The unhealthiest changes—gaining too little height, too much weight for their height compared with children in other countries, or both—occurred in many countries in sub-Saharan Africa, New Zealand, and the USA for boys and girls; in Malaysia and some Pacific island nations for boys; and in Mexico for girls. Interpretation The height and BMI trajectories over age and time of school-aged children and adolescents are highly variable across countries, which indicates heterogeneous nutritional quality and lifelong health advantages and risks

Heterogeneous contributions of change in population distribution of body mass index to change in obesity and underweight NCD Risk Factor Collaboration (NCD-RisC)

From 1985 to 2016, the prevalence of underweight decreased, and that of obesity and severe obesity increased, in most regions, with significant variation in the magnitude of these changes across regions. We investigated how much change in mean body mass index (BMI) explains changes in the prevalence of underweight, obesity, and severe obesity in different regions using data from 2896 population-based studies with 187 million participants. Changes in the prevalence of underweight and total obesity, and to a lesser extent severe obesity, are largely driven by shifts in the distribution of BMI, with smaller contributions from changes in the shape of the distribution. In East and Southeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa, the underweight tail of the BMI distribution was left behind as the distribution shifted. There is a need for policies that address all forms of malnutrition by making healthy foods accessible and affordable, while restricting unhealthy foods through fiscal and regulatory restrictions