1,795 research outputs found
Inhibition of light tunneling for multichannel excitations in longitudinally modulated waveguide arrays
We consider evolution of multichannel excitations in longitudinally modulated
waveguide arrays where refractive index either oscillates out-of-phase in all
neighboring waveguides or when it is modulated in phase in several central
waveguides surrounded by out-of-phase oscillating neighbors. Both types of
modulations allow resonant inhibition of light tunneling, but only the
modulation of latter type conserves the internal structure of multichannel
excitations. We show that parameter regions where light tunneling inhibition is
possible depend on the symmetry and structure of multichannel excitations.
Antisymmetric multichannel excitations are more robust than their symmetric
counterparts and experience nonlinearity-induced delocalization at higher
amplitudes.Comment: 17 pages, 6 figures, to appear in Physical Review
Dynamic versus Anderson wavepacket localization
We address the interplay between two fundamentally different wavepacket
localization mechanisms, namely resonant dynamic localization due to collapse
of quasi-energy bands in periodic media and disorder-induced Anderson
localization. Specifically, we consider light propagation in periodically
curved waveguide arrays on-resonance and off-resonance, and show that inclusion
of disorder leads to a gradual transition from dynamic localization to Anderson
localization, which eventually is found to strongly dominate. While in the
absence of disorder, the degree of localization depends critically on the
bending amplitude of the waveguide array, when the Anderson regime takes over
the impact of resonant effects becomes negligible.Comment: 13 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Physical Review
EDUCATIONAL EVENT AS THE PEDAGOGICAL CATEGORY
The aim of the investigation is to reveal the essence of the educational event as a pedagogical category. The reason to study the issue is the methodological generality of the term that came into pedagogical everyday life, but which semantic content is still not clear enough. Methods. The methods involve a theoretical analysis of the philosophical and pedagogical literature on the study, the categorical analysis, surveys of students and teachers. Results. The concept content of «event» is looked upon in both historical scholarship and pedagogy, «educational event» is analyzed in unity with the «educational situation» and «educational process». The attitude of students and teachers to educational events was clarified through the surveys; emotional and rational responses of the respondents were differentiated and the peculiarities of events organization in the education system were classified. While teachers and students are considered as subjects of educational events, their goals are delineated. Scientific novelty. The author's own definition of is given. Educational event is defined as a specially organized and unique pedagogical fact limited, but not rigidly determined by the educational situation, and capable of changing the educational process going beyond the boundaries of its conformism. The formulation above is the result of analysis how the concepts of «event», «situation» and «process» may interact in pedagogical discourse. Practical significance. The results can be used while designing the educational programs and projects, as well as in the development of academic courses of innovative pedagogy
Anderson localization of light with topological dislocations
We predict Anderson localization of light with nested screw topological dislocations propagating in disordered two-dimensional arrays of hollow waveguides illuminated by vortex beams. The phenomenon manifests itself in the statistical presence of topological dislocations in ensemble-averaged output distributions accompanying standard disorder-induced localization of light spots. Remarkably, screw dislocations are captured by the light spots despite the fast and irregular transverse displacements and topological charge flipping undertaken by the dislocations due to the disorder. The statistical averaged modulus of the output local topological charge depends on the initial vorticity carried by the beam.Peer ReviewedPostprint (published version
General quasi-non-spreading linear three-dimensional wave-packets
We introduce a general approach for generation of sets of three-dimensional
quasi-non-spreading wavepackets propagating in linear media, also referred to
as linear light bullets. The spectrum of rigorously non-spreading wavepackets
in media with anomalous group velocity dispersion is localized on the surface
of a sphere, thus drastically restricting the possible wavepacket shapes.
However, broadening slightly the spectrum affords the generation of a large
variety of quasi-non-spreading distributions featuring complex topologies and
shapes in space and time that are of interest in different areas, such as
biophysics or nanosurgery. Here we discuss the method and show several
illustrative examples of its potential.Comment: 3 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Optics Letter
Topological light bullets supported by spatio-temporal gain
We reveal that the competition between diffraction, cubic nonlinearity,
two-photon absorption, and gain localized in both space and time results in
arrest of collapse, suppression of azimuthal modula-tion instabilities for
spatiotemporal wavepackets, and formation of stable three-dimensional light
bul-lets. We show that Gaussian spatiotemporal gain landscapes support bright,
fundamental light bullets, while gain landscapes featuring a ring-like spatial
and a Gaussian temporal shapes may support stable vortex bullets carrying
topological phase dislocations.Comment: 19 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Physical Review
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A comparative study of pre-trained language models for named entity recognition in clinical trial eligibility criteria from multiple corpora
Background
Clinical trial protocols are the foundation for advancing medical sciences, however, the extraction of accurate and meaningful information from the original clinical trials is very challenging due to the complex and unstructured texts of such documents. Named entity recognition (NER) is a fundamental and necessary step to process and standardize the unstructured text in clinical trials using Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques.
Methods
In this study we fine-tuned pre-trained language models to support the NER task on clinical trial eligibility criteria. We systematically investigated four pre-trained contextual embedding models for the biomedical domain (i.e., BioBERT, BlueBERT, PubMedBERT, and SciBERT) and two models for the open domains (BERT and SpanBERT), for NER tasks using three existing clinical trial eligibility criteria corpora. In addition, we also investigated the feasibility of data augmentation approaches and evaluated their performance.
Results
Our evaluation results using tenfold cross-validation show that domain-specific transformer models achieved better performance than the general transformer models, with the best performance obtained by the PubMedBERT model (F1-scores of 0.715, 0.836, and 0.622 for the three corpora respectively). The data augmentation results show that it is feasible to leverage additional corpora to improve NER performance.
Conclusions
Findings from this study not only demonstrate the importance of contextual embeddings trained from domain-specific corpora, but also shed lights on the benefits of leveraging multiple data sources for the challenging NER task in clinical trial eligibility criteria text
Radially symmetric and azimuthally modulated vortex solitons supported by localized gain
We discover that a spatially localized gain supports stable vortex solitons
in media with cubic nonlinearity and two-photon absorption. The interplay
between nonlinear losses and gain in amplifying rings results in suppression of
otherwise ubiquitous azimuthal modulation instabilities of radially symmetric
vortex solitons. We uncover that the topology of the gain profile imposes
restrictions on the maximal possible charge of vortex solitons. Symmetry
breaking occurs at high gain levels resulting in the formation of necklace
vortex solitons composed of asymmetric bright spots.Comment: 11 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Optics Letter
Anderson localization in Bragg-guiding arrays with negative defects
We show that Anderson localization is possible in waveguide arrays with
periodically-spaced defect waveguides having lower refractive index. Such
localization is mediated by Bragg reflection, and it takes place even if
diagonal or off-diagonal disorder affects only defect waveguides. For
off-diagonal disorder the localization degree of the intensity distributions
monotonically grows with increasing disorder. In contrast, under appropriate
conditions, increasing diagonal disorder may result in weaker localization.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Optics Letter
Solitons supported by spatially inhomogeneous nonlinear losses
We uncover that, in contrast to the common belief, stable dissipative
solitons exist in media with uniform gain in the presence of nonuniform cubic
losses, whose local strength grows with coordinate x (in one dimension) faster
than |x|. The spatially-inhomogeneous absorption also supports new types of
solitons, that do not exist in uniform dissipative media. In particular,
single-well absorption profiles give rise to spontaneous symmetry breaking of
fundamental solitons in the presence of uniform focusing nonlinearity, while
stable dipoles are supported by double-well absorption landscapes. Dipole
solitons also feature symmetry breaking, but under defocusing nonlinearity.Comment: an extended version of a paper to be published in Optics Expres
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