Reatividade de Metais e B (Boro) no Sistema Estuarino de Cananéia-Iguape (Litoral Sul de São Paulo, Brasil)

Dissolved elements reactivity in water column directly influences their chemical and toxic behavior, and in their bioavailability, therefore, in their environmental profile in estuarine systems, important for their great biological productivity and location in zones with potential anthropic impacts. In this context, this study evaluated the behavior of metals (Ba, Fe, Li, Mn and Zn) and  the semimetal B throughout the estuarine mixture in the Estuarine System of Cananéia-Iguape. It was observed that B and Li presented conservative behavior as they are not reactive, Ba, Fe and Zn presented not conservative behavior with removal in low salinities, and Mn presented mixed behavior, with addition in low salinities and approximately conservative behavior in high salinities.La reactividad de los elementos disueltos en la columna de agua directamente influye en el comportamiento químico, tóxico en su biodisponibilidad, por último, en su perfil ambiental en los sistemas estuarinos son importantes porque son áreas de alta productividad biológica y se encuentran principalmente en áreas con potenciales impactos humanos. Teniendo en cuenta este contexto, el presente estudio se evaluó el comportamiento de los metales (Ba, Fe, Li, Mn y Zn) y B semimetal a lo largo de la mezcla del estuario sistema estuarino Cananéia-Iguape. Como resultado principal, encontramos que B y Li se comportó conservador por no ser reactivo, Ba, Fe y Zn mostraron conservador no con la eliminación en condiciones de alta salinidad, y Mn mostraron un comportamiento mixto, además de bajas salinidades y el comportamiento de aproximadamente conservador en condiciones de alta salinidad. Con la información de la reactividad de los elementos, puede en futuros estudios que permitan identificar a las especies dominantes química en la que los niveles de salinidad, por lo tanto verificar su toxicidad y los posibles riesgos ambientales en el área de estudio.A reatividade de elementos dissolvidos na coluna de água influencia diretamente no comportamento químico, tóxico, na sua biodisponibilidade, enfim, no seu perfil ambiental em sistemas estuarinos, importantes por serem áreas de grande produtividade biológica e por estarem localizados principalmente em zonas com potenciais impactos antrópicos. Considerando este contexto, o presente trabalho avaliou o comportamento de metais (Ba, Fe, Li, Mn e Zn) e do semimetal B ao longo da mistura estuarina do Sistema Estuarino de Cananéia-Iguape. Como resultados principais, observou-se que B e Li apresentaram comportamento conservativo por não serem reativos, Ba, Fe e Zn apresentaram comportamento não conservativo com remoção em altas salinidades, e Mn apresentou comportamento misto, com adição em baixas salinidades e comportamento aproximadamente conservativo em altas salinidades. Com as informações de reatividade de elementos, pode-se em futuros estudos identificar qual a espécie química dominante em quais níveis de salinidade, assim verificando sua toxicidade e possíveis riscos ambientais na área de estudo

Use of cardiopulmonary exercise testing to assess early ventilatory changes related to occupational particulate matter

Spirometry has been used as the main strategy for assessing ventilatory changes related to occupational exposure to particulate matter (OEPM). However, in some cases, as one of its limitations, it may not be sensitive enough to show abnormalities before extensive damage, as seen in restrictive lung diseases. Therefore, we hypothesized that cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) may be better than spirometry to detect early ventilatory impairment caused by OEPM. We selected 135 male workers with at least one year of exposure. After collection of self-reported socioeconomic status, educational level, and cardiovascular risk data, participants underwent spirometry, CPET, body composition assessment (bioelectrical impedance), and triaxial accelerometry (for level of physical activity in daily life). CPET was performed using a ramp protocol on a treadmill. Metabolic, cardiovascular, ventilatory, and submaximal relationships were measured. We compared 52 exposed to 83 non-exposed workers. Multiple linear regressions were developed using spirometry and CPET variables as outcomes and OEPM as the main predictor, and adjusted by the main covariates. Our results showed that OEPM was associated with significant reductions in peak minute ventilation, peak tidal volume, and breathing reserve index. Exposed participants presented shallower slope of Delta VT/Delta lnE (breathing pattern), i.e., increased tachypneic breathing pattern. The OEPM explained 7.4% of the Delta VT/Delta lnE variability. We found no significant influence of spirometric indices after multiple linear regressions. We conclude that CPET might be a more sensitive feature of assessing early pulmonary impairment related to OEPM. Our cross-sectional results suggested that CPET is a promising tool for the screening of asymptomatic male workers.Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP)Univ Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Movimento Humano, Lab Epidemiol & Movimento Humano, Santos, SP, BrazilInst Med Cardiovasc Angiocorpore, Santos, SP, BrazilUniv Fed Sao Paulo, Dept Ciencias Movimento Humano, Lab Epidemiol & Movimento Humano, Santos, SP, BrazilFAPESP: 2011/07282-6Web of Scienc

Goodbye Hartmann trial: a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study on the current use of a surgical procedure developed a century ago

Background: Literature suggests colonic resection and primary anastomosis (RPA) instead of Hartmann's procedure (HP) for the treatment of left-sided colonic emergencies. We aim to evaluate the surgical options globally used to treat patients with acute left-sided colonic emergencies and the factors that leading to the choice of treatment, comparing HP and RPA. Methods: This is a prospective, international, multicenter, observational study registered on ClinicalTrials.gov. A total 1215 patients with left-sided colonic emergencies who required surgery were included from 204 centers during the period of March 1, 2020, to May 31, 2020. with a 1-year follow-up. Results: 564 patients (43.1%) were females. The mean age was 65.9 ± 15.6 years. HP was performed in 697 (57.3%) patients and RPA in 384 (31.6%) cases. Complicated acute diverticulitis was the most common cause of left-sided colonic emergencies (40.2%), followed by colorectal malignancy (36.6%). Severe complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥ 3b) were higher in the HP group (P < 0.001). 30-day mortality was higher in HP patients (13.7%), especially in case of bowel perforation and diffused peritonitis. 1-year follow-up showed no differences on ostomy reversal rate between HP and RPA. (P = 0.127). A backward likelihood logistic regression model showed that RPA was preferred in younger patients, having low ASA score (≤ 3), in case of large bowel obstruction, absence of colonic ischemia, longer time from admission to surgery, operating early at the day working hours, by a surgeon who performed more than 50 colorectal resections. Conclusions: After 100 years since the first Hartmann's procedure, HP remains the most common treatment for left-sided colorectal emergencies. Treatment's choice depends on patient characteristics, the time of surgery and the experience of the surgeon. RPA should be considered as the gold standard for surgery, with HP being an exception

Discutindo a educação ambiental no cotidiano escolar: desenvolvimento de projetos na escola formação inicial e continuada de professores

A presente pesquisa buscou discutir como a Educação Ambiental (EA) vem sendo trabalhada, no Ensino Fundamental e como os docentes desta escola compreendem e vem inserindo a EA no cotidiano escolar., em uma escola estadual do município de Tangará da Serra/MT, Brasil. Para tanto, realizou-se entrevistas com os professores que fazem parte de um projeto interdisciplinar de EA na escola pesquisada. Verificou-se que o projeto da escola não vem conseguindo alcançar os objetivos propostos por: desconhecimento do mesmo, pelos professores; formação deficiente dos professores, não entendimento da EA como processo de ensino-aprendizagem, falta de recursos didáticos, planejamento inadequado das atividades. A partir dessa constatação, procurou-se debater a impossibilidade de tratar do tema fora do trabalho interdisciplinar, bem como, e principalmente, a importância de um estudo mais aprofundado de EA, vinculando teoria e prática, tanto na formação docente, como em projetos escolares, a fim de fugir do tradicional vínculo “EA e ecologia, lixo e horta”.Facultad de Humanidades y Ciencias de la Educació

Reatividade de Metais e B (Boro) no Sistema Estuarino de Cananéia-Iguape (Litoral Sul de São Paulo, Brasil)

Dissolved elements reactivity in water column directly influences their chemical and toxic behavior, and in their bioavailability, therefore, in their environmental profile in estuarine systems, important for their great biological productivity and location in zones with potential anthropic impacts. In this context, this study evaluated the behavior of metals (Ba, Fe, Li, Mn and Zn) and  the semimetal B throughout the estuarine mixture in the Estuarine System of Cananéia-Iguape. It was observed that B and Li presented conservative behavior as they are not reactive, Ba, Fe and Zn presented not conservative behavior with removal in low salinities, and Mn presented mixed behavior, with addition in low salinities and approximately conservative behavior in high salinities.A reatividade de elementos dissolvidos na coluna de água influencia diretamente no comportamento químico, tóxico, na sua biodisponibilidade, enfim, no seu perfil ambiental em sistemas estuarinos, importantes por serem áreas de grande produtividade biológica e por estarem localizados principalmente em zonas com potenciais impactos antrópicos. Considerando este contexto, o presente trabalho avaliou o comportamento de metais (Ba, Fe, Li, Mn e Zn) e do semimetal B ao longo da mistura estuarina do Sistema Estuarino de Cananéia-Iguape. Como resultados principais, observou-se que B e Li apresentaram comportamento conservativo por não serem reativos, Ba, Fe e Zn apresentaram comportamento não conservativo com remoção em altas salinidades, e Mn apresentou comportamento misto, com adição em baixas salinidades e comportamento aproximadamente conservativo em altas salinidades. Com as informações de reatividade de elementos, pode-se em futuros estudos identificar qual a espécie química dominante em quais níveis de salinidade, assim verificando sua toxicidade e possíveis riscos ambientais na área de estudo.La reactividad de los elementos disueltos en la columna de agua directamente influye en el comportamiento químico, tóxico en su biodisponibilidad, por último, en su perfil ambiental en los sistemas estuarinos son importantes porque son áreas de alta productividad biológica y se encuentran principalmente en áreas con potenciales impactos humanos. Teniendo en cuenta este contexto, el presente estudio se evaluó el comportamiento de los metales (Ba, Fe, Li, Mn y Zn) y B semimetal a lo largo de la mezcla del estuario sistema estuarino Cananéia-Iguape. Como resultado principal, encontramos que B y Li se comportó conservador por no ser reactivo, Ba, Fe y Zn mostraron conservador no con la eliminación en condiciones de alta salinidad, y Mn mostraron un comportamiento mixto, además de bajas salinidades y el comportamiento de aproximadamente conservador en condiciones de alta salinidad. Con la información de la reactividad de los elementos, puede en futuros estudios que permitan identificar a las especies dominantes química en la que los niveles de salinidad, por lo tanto verificar su toxicidad y los posibles riesgos ambientales en el área de estudio

Use of combined method, accelerometer and international physical activity questionnaire, to determinate occurence of physical inactivity in adults

Abstract Aim Evaluate and compare the proportion of PI and associated factors by IPAQ questionnaire, triaxial accelerometry and the combination of both. Adults aged ( 18 years were enrolled (n = 250). Methods We considered PI as < 600 MET-min/wk in the IPAQ total score, < 150 min/wk of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in 7 days accelerometry, and the combination of both criteria. Clinical assessment, spirometry, cardiopulmonary exercise test, bioelectrical impedance, isokinetic dynamometry, postural balance, and six-minute walk test were also performed. For participants practicing aquatic, martial arts or cycling, only the IPAQ criterion was considered. Results Proportions of PI were significantly different among methods (IPAQ, 10%; accelerometry, 20%; combination, 25%). After multivariate logistic regressions, PI was determined by age, sex, educational level, risk factors for cardiovascular disease, lean body mass, cardiorespiratory fitness, and postural balance. Conclusion Thus, the combined method for determining PI and associated factors in adults showed great validity, indicating that questionnaires and accelerometers are complementary and should be utilized in combination in epidemiological studies

Methanogenic communities and methane emissions from enrichments of Brazilian Amazonia soils under land-use change.

Amazonian forest conversion into agricultural and livestock areas is considered one of the activities that contribute most to the emission of greenhouse gases, including methane. Biogenic methane production is mainly performed by methanogenic Archaea, which underscores the importance of understanding the drivers shaping microbial communities involved in the methane cycling and changes in methane metabolism. Here, we aimed to investigate the composition and structure of bacterial and archaeal communities in tropical soils in response to land-use changes, emphasizing the methanogenic communities. We collected soil samples from primary forest, pasture, and secondary forest of the Amazonian region and used a strategy based on the enrichment of the methanogenic community with three different methanogenic substrates followed by measurements of methane emission, quantification of mcrA gene copies by qPCR, and total 16&nbsp;S rRNA gene sequencing (metataxonomics). We observed variations in the structure of bacterial and archaeal communities of soils under different uses. The richness of methanogenic communities was higher in pasture than forest soils and this richness remained during the incubation period, and as a consequence, the enrichment induced earlier methane emission in pastures-derived samples. Furthermore, pastures enrichments exhibited methanogenic archaea networks more complex than primary and secondary forests. In conclusion, pastures harbor a richer and more responsive methanogenic community than forest samples, suggesting that conversion of forest areas to pasture may boost methane emission