What We Know About the Genetic Determinants of Human Homosexuality? A Short Review Communication

“Homosexualism”, “sexual orientation disorder”, “egodistonic homosexuality”, “unspecified sexual disorder”, “sexual maturity disorder” and “sexual relationship disorder”. Since 1948, these have been, throughout the history of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DCM) and the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems (ICD), the terms used by the scientific community to categorize the homoaffective spectrum until in 2017, in the face of strong social and academic demand, their complete disengagement from any terminology that categorizes them as physical and/or mental illness. On the other hand, some areas of science have contributed substantially to a better understanding of this subject, such as genetics and epigenetics. Today, although the scientific community still offers some points of resistance, especially in more conservative countries, it is a consensus that since the implementation of the genome project there has been a considerable methodological expansion that has opened new possibilities of studies that have allowed this advance

Energy metabolism: gluconeogenesis and oxidative phosphorylation

Most animal cells are able to meet their energy needs from the oxidation of various types of compounds: sugars, fatty acids, amino acids, but some tissues and cells of our body depend exclusively on glucose and the brain is the largest consumer of all. That is why the body has mechanisms in order to keep glucose levels stable. As it decreases, the degradation of hepatic glycogen occurs, which maintains the appropriate levels of blood glucose allowing its capture continues by those tissues, even in times of absence of food intake. But this reserve is limited, so another metabolic pathway is triggered for glucose production, which occurs in the kidneys and liver and is called gluconeogenesis, which means the synthesis of glucose from non-glucose compounds such as amino acids, lactate, and glycerol. Most stages of glycolysis use the same enzymes as glycolysis, but it makes the opposite sense and differs in three stages or also called deviations: the first is the conversion of pyruvate to oxaloacetate and oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate. The second deviation is the conversion of fructose 1,6 biphosphate to fructose 6 phosphate and the third and last deviation is the conversion of glucose 6 phosphate to glucose

Síndrome de Chiari e Hidrossiringomielia com comprometimento neurológico: um relato de caso

A Malformação de Chiari (MC) pertence a um amplo grupo de raras deformidades estruturais da junção craniocerebelomedular. O tipo I da doença caracteriza-se pela herniação tonsilar ou amigdaliana cerebelar devido à anomalia da base do crânio e da parte superior da coluna cervical, além de a porção medial do lobo inferior do cerebelo pelo canal cervical também se protuberar através do forame magno, impedindo que o líquor flua normalmente através do canal. A real prevalência da doença é desconhecida, pois muitos pacientes com herniação cerebelar são assintomáticos e o problema agrava-se na fase adulta, com queixas de cefaleia intensa e, por vezes, parestesia. O objetivo deste estudo é relatar um caso de síndrome de Chiari (SC) em uma paciente de 53 anos, ao abordar sua apresentação clínica, diagnóstico e tratamento. Paciente do sexo feminino, 53 anos, foi admitida em um hospital da rede pública de referência se queixando de cefaleia occipital intensa e cervicalgia com irradiação da dor para os membros superiores, acompanhada de parestesia nos quatro segmentos. Relatou já sentir dor há 2 anos, mas apresentou piora do quadro clínico há 8 meses. Foi, também, observada incontinência urinária devido à dissinergia detrusora-esfincteriana por provável bexiga neurogênica. Foi, então, realizado exame de imagem de ressonância magnética (RNM) do crânio e da coluna cervical, com obtenção de sequências ponderadas em T1, T2 e STIR, nos planos sagital e transverso com contraste, o qual evidenciou leve alargamento medular, além de sinais de hidrossiringomielia difusa, com hipossinal na sequência T2 intramedular na altura de D1-D2 (coluna dorsal). Foi notada discreta herniação das tonsilas cerebelares junta ao forame magno, típica da SC, sendo, por fim, confirmado o diagnóstico. A paciente, no entanto, não apresentava hidrocefalia, mesmo com a interrupção do fluxo do líquido cefalorraquidiano (LCR) para o canal vertebral. Ela encaixou- se nos parâmetros de indicação cirúrgica, sendo realizada craniotomia occipital, com acesso ao plexo coroide do quarto ventrículo do tronco encefálico com o intuito de elevar as tonsilas cerebelares baixas, herniadas no canal espinhal cervical e bloqueando o fluxo do LCR. Após a descompressão craniocervical, o curso do líquor foi restaurado e a paciente foi, por fim, encaminhada à sala de recuperação pós-operatória. A SC é uma rara doença que apresenta quadro clínico e alterações radiológicas complexas e extensas e, por vezes, o diagnóstico é retardado devido à inespecificidade dos sintomas confundidos com cervicalgias e cefaleias comuns. A hipótese diagnóstica deve ser embasada nas queixas do paciente, na anamnese minuciosa, exame clínico e nos exames de imagens, sendo a prevalência desta patologia de difícil definição e com faixas etárias distintas

A social and ecological assessment of tropical land uses at multiple scales: the Sustainable Amazon Network

Science has a critical role to play in guiding more sustainable development trajectories. Here, we present the Sustainable Amazon Network (Rede Amazonia Sustentavel, RAS): a multidisciplinary research initiative involving more than 30 partner organizations working to assess both social and ecological dimensions of land-use sustainability in eastern Brazilian Amazonia. The research approach adopted by RAS offers three advantages for addressing land-use sustainability problems: (i) the collection of synchronized and co-located ecological and socioeconomic data across broad gradients of past and present human use; (ii) a nested sampling design to aid comparison of ecological and socioeconomic conditions associated with different land uses across local, landscape and regional scales; and (iii) a strong engagement with a wide variety of actors and non-research institutions. Here, we elaborate on these key features, and identify the ways in which RAS can help in highlighting those problems in most urgent need of attention, and in guiding improvements in land-use sustainability in Amazonia and elsewhere in the tropics. We also discuss some of the practical lessons, limitations and realities faced during the development of the RAS initiative so far.Keywords: Social–ecological systems, Tropical forests, Land use, Interdisciplinary research, Sustainability, Trade-off

Anthropology, development and shanty towns: the performance of Anthony Leeds in the decade of 1960.

Submitted by Gilvan Almeida ([email protected]) on 2016-09-26T14:04:44Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 187.pdf: 1132648 bytes, checksum: 8f2ad76f0de43537cd21dc64eea59e37 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Barata Manoel ([email protected]) on 2017-04-27T17:56:32Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 187.pdf: 1132648 bytes, checksum: 8f2ad76f0de43537cd21dc64eea59e37 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-27T17:56:32Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license.txt: 1748 bytes, checksum: 8a4605be74aa9ea9d79846c1fba20a33 (MD5) 187.pdf: 1132648 bytes, checksum: 8f2ad76f0de43537cd21dc64eea59e37 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Esta dissertação analisa a atuação do antropólogo Anthony Leeds durante a década de 1960, com ênfase nas pesquisas por ele realizadas em favelas do Rio de Janeiro. Seguindo a metodologia dos círculos concêntricos proposta por Stocking Jr, são abordados o contexto social e político dos EUA entre as décadas de 1940 e 1960, com destaque para as relações entre a antropologia e a Guerra Fria; o debate sobre desenvolvimento econômico nas agências internacionais e na pesquisa em ciências sociais travados nessa época; as discussões acerca das características do trabalho etnográfico que se fazia no período e o contexto histórico, social e político em torno das favelas e da questão habitacional no Rio de Janeiro. A dissertação busca entender as influências teórica e metodológica vindas desde o período da graduação até o doutoramento de Anthony Leeds na Universidade de Columbia, no qual se verifica a importância da perspectiva neoevolucionista, além de outras tradições presentes em sua formação. Após abordar os trabalhos realizados pelo antropólogo em agências internacionais, bem como sua atuação em instituições de pesquisa e ensino no Brasil, a dissertação enfatiza o caráter dialógico de sua etnografia através da análise das notas de campo registradas pelo antropólogo na favela do Jacarezinho.This dissertation is about the work of the anthropologist Anthony Leeds during the 1960s. It focuses on his research on squatter settlements (favelas) in Rio de Janeiro. This dissertation contextualizes this man in the social and political contexts of the 1940s and the 1960s, according to the concentric circles methodological propose of Stocking Jr, mentioning USA anthropology and Cold War relations. It also looks at debates about development in social sciences and international agencies’ research schedules, the discussion about ethnographic work in this period, the favela’s historical social and political contexts and the housing debate in Rio de Janeiro as a whole. It also makes emphasis on his scientific work and pretends to understand his methodological and theoretical influences since his formation in Columbia University that was present in his future working. In addition to this, this dissertation looks at his working in USA and Brazil international agencies, and his works in Brazil centers of researches and teaching. It also emphasizes the dialogical quality of his ethnography from the point of his notes on Jacarezinho favela

Anthony Leeds: Antropologia das interações ecológicas e estudos urbanos. Entrevistas com Elizabeth Leeds e Luiz Antonio Machado da Silva

Submitted by Barbara Ribeiro ([email protected]) on 2019-02-01T11:44:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_ANTHONY LEEDS - ANTROPOLOGIA DAS INTERAÇÕES ECOLÓGICAS E ESTUDOS URBANOS. ENTREVISTAS COM ELIZABETH LEEDS E LUIZ ANTONIO MACHADO DA SILVA.pdf: 161600 bytes, checksum: 8cc05326ef1193dad4d6506f08c64501 (MD5)Approved for entry into archive by Barbara Ribeiro ([email protected]) on 2019-02-01T11:59:08Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_ANTHONY LEEDS - ANTROPOLOGIA DAS INTERAÇÕES ECOLÓGICAS E ESTUDOS URBANOS. ENTREVISTAS COM ELIZABETH LEEDS E LUIZ ANTONIO MACHADO DA SILVA.pdf: 161600 bytes, checksum: 8cc05326ef1193dad4d6506f08c64501 (MD5)Made available in DSpace on 2019-02-01T11:59:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Lima_ANTHONY LEEDS - ANTROPOLOGIA DAS INTERAÇÕES ECOLÓGICAS E ESTUDOS URBANOS. ENTREVISTAS COM ELIZABETH LEEDS E LUIZ ANTONIO MACHADO DA SILVA.pdf: 161600 bytes, checksum: 8cc05326ef1193dad4d6506f08c64501 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Fundação Oswaldo Cruz. Casa de Oswaldo Cruz. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil.Apresentam-se, juntas, as entrevistas realizadas com dois dos principais colaboradores e interlocutores de Anthony Leeds – Elizabeth Leeds e Luiz Antonio Machado da Silva. Por meio de suas próprias trajetórias e do encontro com o antropólogo, as entrevistas se complementam ao abordar a formação dos cientistas sociais nos EUA e no Brasil; a atuação das agências internacionais em favelas durante a década de 1960; o protagonismo de Leeds na conformação do trabalho de campo nas cidades brasileiras e da agenda de pesquisa da antropologia urbana na América Latina. Ressaltam, ainda, sua metodologia de trabalho de caráter coletivo e dialógico, caracterizada pela troca de experiências e pela horizontalidade das relações de trabalho e sociais, com os pares e com os moradores das favelas, bem como a atualidade da sua contribuição ao questionar visões que enfatizavam a pobreza e a vitimização dos moradores, apontando suas competências, e o isolamento da questão urbana em vez de estudá-la em suas interações e totalidade.This text presents the interviews conducted with two of Anthony Leeds’s principal collaborators and interlocutors: Elizabeth Leeds and Luiz Antonio Machado da Silva. Through their own trajectories and encounters with the anthropologist, the interviews complement each other by discussing the training of social scientists in the United States and Brazil; the work of the international agencies in favelas during the 1960s; and Leeds’s leading role in shaping fieldwork in Brazilian cities and the research agenda of urban anthropology in Latin America. They also foreground his collective and dialogical work methodology, characterized by the Exchange of experiences and by the horizontality of labour and social relations with peers and with favela residents. Likewise they stress the contemporary relevance of his questioning of views that emphasize the poverty and victimhood of favela residents, pointing instead to their skills, and that focus on the isolation of the urban question, rather than studying the topic in terms of its interactions as a whole

Evaluation Of Risk Factors In Cardiovascular Patients With Diagnosis Of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE)

Title: Evaluation of risk factors in cardiovascular patients with diagnosis of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Background: prevalence of cardiovascular risk factors in lupic patients.This study aimed to evaluate the presence of cardiovascular risk factors in patients diagnosed with SLE in a Rheumatology Ambulatory, comparing groups with and without SLE nephritis. Methods: a quantitative, observational and cross-sectional study was carried out during the period from November 2016 to June 2017. 86 patients were interviewed using specific protocol. Conclusions: among the cardiovascular risk factors evaluated, systemic hypertension was more frequent in SLE patients (33.7%), followed by smoking (17.4%) and diabetes mellitus (5.8%). There was, however, no difference between the frequency of these comorbidities in the groups with and without lupus nephritis