5 research outputs found
Π ΠΠΠ¬ ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠ¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π Π ΠΠΠΠΠ‘-Π ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ―Π¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠΠ‘Π’Π ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠΠ«-3 Π ΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠ¦ΠΠ’ΠΠ₯ ΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠ Π ΠΠΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠ Π‘Π’Π ΠΠ‘Π‘Π IN VITRO
The formation of oxidative stress lies at the heart of many frequent and socially-important diseases. Blood lymphocytes are the cells which provide immunological control of our organism. As a result of their function implementation blood lymphocytes contact with different endogenic and exogenic factors, which can lead to active oxygen species production activation, macromolecules oxidative modification and to cell survival alteration. At the present time it is essential to expand and deepen the fundamental knowledge of blood lymphocytes apoptosis regulation peculiarities. The research objective was to establish the interaction among alterations of glutathione system condition, carbonylation level, protein glutathionylation and caspase-3 activity in blood lymphocytes during oxidative stress in vitro.Material and Methods. The material for research was blood lymphocytes cultivated with addition of hydrogen peroxide in final concentration of 0,5 mmol and/or protein SH-group inhibitor N-ethylmaleimide β 5 mmol, protector β 5 mmol β 1,4-dithioerythritol. Reduced, oxidized and protein-bound glutathione concentration was measured by method of spectropho-tometry, additionally, the ratio size of reduced to oxidized thiol fraction was estimated. With help of enzymoimmunoassay the level of protein carbonyl derivatives was evaluated; caspase-3 activity was registered by spectrofluorometric method.Results. Protein SH-group blocking in blood lymphocytes during oxidative stress in vitro was accompanied by protein-bound glutathione concentration rapid decrease in connection with increase of protein carbonyl derivatives content and caspase-3 activity. Protein SH-group protection in blood lymphocytes during oxidative stress in vitro was accompanied by concentration increase of protein-bound glutathione and protein carbonyl derivatives under comparable values of enzyme activity under study.Conclusion. The carried out research shows that caspase-3 and protein-bound glutathione are the molecular targets of selective control over programmed cell death. The received indices of caspase-3 activity change and protein-bound glutathione concentration alteration in blood lymphocytes during oxidative stress in vitro can be used when elaborating target therapy approaches to diseases accompanied by apoptosis disregulation.Π ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π΅Π·Π° ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΠΏΡΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ-Π·Π½Π°ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Π»Π΅ΠΆΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°. ΠΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΠΎΠ±Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ°. Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΡΡ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ½Π΄ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ·ΠΎΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ΅Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡ ΠΊ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ°ΠΊΡΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΡΠΆΠΈΠ²Π°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΌ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈ ΡΠ³Π»ΡΠ±Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΡΠ½Π΄Π°ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΠ± ΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ in vitro.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ, ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ±Π°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ 0,5 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΈ (ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ) Π±Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ° SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² N-ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΠΌΠ°Π»Π΅ΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ΄Π° β 5 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ, ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΎΡΠ° β 5 ΠΌΠΌΠΎΠ»Ρ β 1,4-Π΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΎΡΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π°. ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ, ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, Π΄ΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»Π½ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΠΈΡΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Ρ ΡΠΎΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΎΠ»Π° ΠΊ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ. Π‘ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎ-ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π° ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ², Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ. ΠΠ»ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ in vitro ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠ°Π΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3. ΠΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΡ SH-Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΏ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ² Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ in vitro ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»Π°ΡΡ Π²ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°, ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠΈΠ·Π²ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²ΠΈΠΌΡΡ
Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ
Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ°.ΠΡΠ²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ. ΠΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΌ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Π°-3 ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΉ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»ΡΡ. ΠΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 ΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΡΠ΅Π½ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎ-ΡΠ²ΡΠ·Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π² Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ΅ in vitro ΠΌΠΎΠ³ΡΡ Π±ΡΡΡ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ² ΡΠ°ΡΠ³Π΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ°ΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π·Π°Π±ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²Π°Π½ΠΈΠΉ, ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΡ
ΡΡ Π΄ΠΈΡΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π°
ΠΠΠ Π£Π¨ΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ‘ΠΠ ΠΠ‘Π‘ΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ HSP27 Π Π£ΠΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠΠ Π£Π‘ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ£Π₯ΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ JURKAT ΠΠ’ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ
The research objective is to establish the link between heat shock protein 27 and ubiquitin mRNA expression as well as Jukart tumor cell apoptosis.The method of flow cytofluorometry has been used to evaluate apoptosis realization using FITC-labeled annexin V and propidium iodide along with the amount of reactive oxygen species. Spectrofluorimetry has been applied to register the caspase-3 activity. The content of hydroxyl radicals has been determined by spectrophotometry. The level of ubiquitin and heat shock protein 27 mRNA expression has been identified using real-time PCR. Intact Jukart tumor cells and blood lymphocytes of healthy donors served the material for the research.Following the carried out research it has been found out that the fall in the amount of annexin V positive cells and the reduced caspase-3 activity were accompanied by the rise in the content of hydroxyl radicals and reactive oxygen species against the backdrop of the increased heat shock protein 27 and ubiquitin mRNA expression in Jukart tumor cells.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠ²ΡΠ·Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° 27, ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Jurkat.ΠΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ FITS-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° V ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π°, ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΒ¬ΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3. Π‘ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. Π£ΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° 27 β Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΌΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΠΈ. ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Jurkat ΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ Π·Π΄ΠΎΡΠΎΠ²ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΠ½ΠΎΡΠΎΠ².Π ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²Π΅Π΄Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½-ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΆΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 ΡΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠΆΠ΄Π°Π»ΠΎΡΡ ΡΠ²Π΅Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π»Π° ΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΎΡΠΌ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π° Π½Π° ΡΠΎΠ½Π΅ ΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΌΠ ΠΠ Π±Π΅Π»ΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΏΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠΊΠ° 27 ΠΈ ΡΠ±ΠΈΠΊΠ²ΠΈΡΠΈΠ½Π° Π² ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Jurkat
Π‘ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ£Π’ΠΠ’ΠΠΠΠ Π£Π§ΠΠ‘Π’ΠΠ£ΠΠ’ Π Π ΠΠΠ£ΠΠ―Π¦ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ£Π₯ΠΠΠΠΠ«Π₯ ΠΠΠΠ’ΠΠ
The research objective is to determine the role of the gluthatione system components in realization of the receptor pathway of Jukart tumor cell apoptosis.Apoptosis realization using FITC-labeled annexin V and propidium iodide as well as the amount of TNFΒ R1- and Fas-presenting cells has been evaluated by flow cytofluorometry; activity caspase-3 registered a spektroflyuorimetrichesky method. The concentration of reduced and oxidated gluthatione has been determined by spectrophotometry.The material for the research was intact Jukart tumor cells and the ones incubated in the presence of a selective inhibitor of the key gluthatione synthesis enzyme β buthionine-sulfoximine.The research has shown that the gluthatione system plays an important regulatory role in activation of the receptor pathway of Jukart tumor cell apoptosis.The gluthatione system components are targets for activation of programmed cell death in tumor growth.Π¦Π΅Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ β Π²ΡΡΠ²ΠΈΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° Π² ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Jurkat.ΠΡΠ΅Π½ΠΊΡ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΈ Ρ ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ FITS-ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½Π½Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ½Π° V ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠΏΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡ ΠΈΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ΄Π°, ΠΊΠΎΠ»ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° TNFΒ R1- ΠΈ Fas-ΠΏΡΠ΅Π·Π΅Π½ΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΠΈΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ; Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠΏΠ°Π·Ρ-3 ΡΠ΅Π³ΠΈΡΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΎΠΊΠΈΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΎΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π»ΡΠ»ΠΈ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ.ΠΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠΌ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΡΠ»ΡΠΆΠΈΠ»ΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΠ΅ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Jurkat: ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΈ ΠΈΠ½ΠΊΡΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΡΠΈΡΡΡΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ½Π³ΠΈΠ±ΠΈΡΠΎΡΠ° ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·Π° Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° β Π±ΡΡΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΠ½-ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°.ΠΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π»ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ° Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΠΈΠ³ΡΠ°Π΅Ρ Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π² Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΡΡΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΡΡ
ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ Π»ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠΈ Jurkat.ΠΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π³Π»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π° ΡΠ²Π»ΡΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³ΡΠ°ΠΌΠΌΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠΉ Π³ΠΈΠ±Π΅Π»ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π²ΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅
THE ROLE OF PROTEIN OXIDATIVE MODIFICATION IN REDOX-REGULATION OF CASPASE-3 ACTIVITY IN BLOOD LYMPHOCYTES DURING OXIDATIVE STRESS IN VITRO
The formation of oxidative stress lies at the heart of many frequent and socially-important diseases. Blood lymphocytes are the cells which provide immunological control of our organism. As a result of their function implementation blood lymphocytes contact with different endogenic and exogenic factors, which can lead to active oxygen species production activation, macromolecules oxidative modification and to cell survival alteration. At the present time it is essential to expand and deepen the fundamental knowledge of blood lymphocytes apoptosis regulation peculiarities. The research objective was to establish the interaction among alterations of glutathione system condition, carbonylation level, protein glutathionylation and caspase-3 activity in blood lymphocytes during oxidative stress in vitro.Material and Methods. The material for research was blood lymphocytes cultivated with addition of hydrogen peroxide in final concentration of 0,5 mmol and/or protein SH-group inhibitor N-ethylmaleimide β 5 mmol, protector β 5 mmol β 1,4-dithioerythritol. Reduced, oxidized and protein-bound glutathione concentration was measured by method of spectropho-tometry, additionally, the ratio size of reduced to oxidized thiol fraction was estimated. With help of enzymoimmunoassay the level of protein carbonyl derivatives was evaluated; caspase-3 activity was registered by spectrofluorometric method.Results. Protein SH-group blocking in blood lymphocytes during oxidative stress in vitro was accompanied by protein-bound glutathione concentration rapid decrease in connection with increase of protein carbonyl derivatives content and caspase-3 activity. Protein SH-group protection in blood lymphocytes during oxidative stress in vitro was accompanied by concentration increase of protein-bound glutathione and protein carbonyl derivatives under comparable values of enzyme activity under study.Conclusion. The carried out research shows that caspase-3 and protein-bound glutathione are the molecular targets of selective control over programmed cell death. The received indices of caspase-3 activity change and protein-bound glutathione concentration alteration in blood lymphocytes during oxidative stress in vitro can be used when elaborating target therapy approaches to diseases accompanied by apoptosis disregulation
ΠΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΉ
The paper discusses the topical research problem of the mechanisms of a peptidergic regulation of the renal function, involving the natural peptide complex derived from the renal cortical substance (RCS). It has been demonstrated that the RCS manifests tissue specifity, the ability to affect the renal functional status β the processes of filtration, reabsorption and secretion under physiological conditions and under the modulation of secretion and reabsorption by physiologically active substances; the ability to affect biochemical reactions, hemocoagulation, DNA biosynthesis. The following interaction with cells of the immune system has been determined for RCS: the ability to modulate the activity of peripheral blood lymphocytes (mainly T-cells); to induce morphofunctional restructuring in the thymus; to restore the natural state of immunological tolerance in the organism of laboratory animals to a mixture of tissue antigens; to alter the surface expression of antigenic determinants of lymphocytes and mannose-containing membrane structures; to influence on the apoptosis of lymphocytes and thymocytes. The physiological activity of the RCS pertaining to the indices of the peripheral blood and liver functions has been evaluated. The effect of synthetic peptide-analogues of the RCS (PEKDLRK, PEKDSRK, PEKDDRL) has been synthesized and investigated. The obtained results confirm the existence of a local peptide regulation system in the kidneys which is implemented through the formation of low molecular weight peptide substances and affects physiological processes not only in the kidneys, but also in other organs and systems. A wide range of the physiological activity of the RCS and synthetic peptides created on its basis are indicative of the prospects of their further research in order to develop effective medications for renal pathology.Π Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΠ΅ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΈΠ· ΠΊΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ (ΠΠΠ). ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΠΠΠ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°Π΅Ρ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅ΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡΡ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΠΊ β Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠΈ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠΈ ΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΠΈΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ; Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ Π±ΠΈΠΎΡ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ, Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΡ, Π±ΠΈΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΠΠ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΠΠ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΠΉΡΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΅ Ρ ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ - ΡΠΏΠΎΡΠΎΠ±Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ (ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΠΎ Π’-ΠΊΠ»Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊ), Π²ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡΠΎΠΉΠΊΡ Π² ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡΠ΅, Π²ΠΎΡΡΡΠ°Π½Π°Π²Π»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΡΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΈΠΌΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ° Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΆΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΊ ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½Π΅Π²ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ², ΠΈΠ·ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΈΠ½Π°Π½Ρ Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΡΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ, Π²Π»ΠΈΡΡΡ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Π° Π»ΠΈΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ². ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΡΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°ΡΠ΅Π»Π΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²-Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΠΎΠ² ΠΠΠ β PEKDLRK, PEKDSRK, PEKDDRL. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠΆΠ΄Π°ΡΡ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠΈ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΠΈΠ·ΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΡΠ΅ΠΌ ΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΡΡ
Π²Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΠΈ Π²Π»ΠΈΡΠ΅Ρ Π½Π° ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠ΅ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π½Π΅ ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎ Π² ΠΏΠΎΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
, Π½ΠΎ ΠΈ Π² Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ
ΠΈ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
. Π¨ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ·ΠΈΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΠΠ ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ², ΡΠΎΠ·Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π½Π° Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅, ΡΠ²ΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡΡΠ²ΡΡΡ ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΠΈ Π΄Π°Π»ΡΠ½Π΅ΠΉΡΠ΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΈΡ
ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·ΡΠ°Π±ΠΎΡΠΊΠΈ ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡ
Π»Π΅ΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠ²Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΡΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΠΈ.Π ΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠ²ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π° Π°ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅Ρ
Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π΅ΡΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΡ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΡ (ΠΠΠ), ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ· ΠΊΡΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ ΠΠΠ Π²ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½ΠΎΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ, Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π½ Π½ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊ β Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ»ΡΡΡΠ°ΡΡΡ, ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ Π·Π° ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΌΠΎΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΡΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°Π±ΡΠΎΡΠ±ΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ; Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ°Π½ Π±ΡΠΎΡ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉ, Π³Π΅ΠΌΠΎΠΊΠΎΠ°Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, Π±ΡΠΎΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π· ΠΠΠ. ΠΠ»Ρ ΠΠΠ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΡ Π· ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ β Π·Π΄Π°ΡΠ½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ Π»ΡΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ (ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ Π’-ΠΊΠ»ΡΡΠΈΠ½), Π²ΠΈΠΊΠ»ΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈ ΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΎΠ½Π°Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΠΌΡΡΡ, Π²ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΡΡΠ°Π½ ΠΏΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΡΠ½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ»Π΅ΡΠ°Π½ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½ΡΠ·ΠΌΡ Π»Π°Π±ΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈΠ½ Π΄ΠΎ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΡ ΡΠΊΠ°Π½ΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½ΡΠ², Π·ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π΅ΠΊΡΠΏΡΠ΅ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ²Π΅ΡΡ
Π½Π΅Π²ΠΈΡ
Π°Π½ΡΠΈΠ³Π΅Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π΄Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΡΠ½Π°Π½Ρ Π»ΡΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ΅ΠΌΠ±ΡΠ°Π½Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡ, Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π°ΠΏΠΎΠΏΡΠΎΠ·Ρ Π»ΡΠΌΡΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ². ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ ΡΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π½ΠΈΠΊΡΠ² ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠΎΠ²Ρ ΡΠ° ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΡΡΠ½ΠΊΡΡΠΉ. Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΡΠ° Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΎ Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ² ΡΡΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π°Π»ΠΎΠ³ΡΠ² ΠΠΠ β PEKDLRK, PEKDSRK, PEKDDRL. Π Π΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°ΡΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΎΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΠ²Π΅ΡΠ΄ΠΆΡΡΡΡ ΡΡΠ½ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π² Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
Π»ΠΎΠΊΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΡΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠ° ΡΠ΅Π°Π»ΡΠ·ΡΡΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π½ΠΈΠ·ΡΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠ½ ΡΠ° Π²ΠΏΠ»ΠΈΠ²Π°Ρ Π½Π° ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠΈ Π½Π΅ ΡΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ Π² Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠ°Ρ
, Π°Π»Π΅ ΠΉ Π² ΡΠ½ΡΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ³Π°Π½Π°Ρ
ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠ°Ρ
. Π¨ΠΈΡΠΎΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡ ΡΡΠ·ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΠΠ ΡΠ° ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠ΅ΠΏΡΠΈΠ΄ΡΠ², ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π½Π° ΠΉΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ, ΡΠ²ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΎ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π· ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ Π΅ΡΠ΅ΠΊΡΠΈΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
Π»ΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΠΊΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΡΠΎΠ±ΡΠ² ΠΏΡΠΈ Π½ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ