Gas from Argentina, realities and fictions in forking paths

Argentina busca poner en valor hidrocarburos no convencionales en NorPatagonia, los que pueden contribuir a paliar los déficits energéticos y fortalecer los sistemas existentes. Implica la reactivación de lugares productivos y aprovecha recursos estratégicos para las matrices energéticas argentina y mundial. Al mismo tiempo, en el país, se apalanca la explotación de fuentes renovables. El objetivo del artículo es reflexionar acerca de los procesos de transición energética y la dependencia a los sistemas tradicionales. Se busca comprender la (re)configuración del espacio a distintas escalas -local, regional y nacional- y cómo interactúan las nuevas organizaciones productivas, con las heredadas. La explotación de gas no convencional en la región NorPatagónica, ejemplifica cómo se refuerza la dependencia a los sistemas tradicionales, a la vez que se apuesta a la innovación, con proyectos que muchas veces no se concretan. La realidad de los senderos consolidados y sus bifurcaciones contrasta con numerosas ficciones que se crean en torno a los recursos energéticos.Argentina attempts to valorize unconventional hydrocarbons in North Patagonia which may contribute to tackling energy deficits and strengthening existing systems. Doing so entails the reactivation of productive spaces and the leveraging of strategic resources for both global and national energy mixes. At the same time, in the country, the exploitation of renewable energy resources is promoted. This paper seeks to reflect on the energy transition processes and the dependence on traditional systems. The aim is to understand the (re)configuration of space at different scales -local, regional and national-, and the interaction between new and inherited productive organizations. The exploitation of unconventional gas in the Argentinian North Patagonian region exemplifies how the dependence on traditional systems is strengthened while the bet is on innovation through projects which are often not completed. The facts about consolidated paths and their forks contrast with a wealth of fiction surrounding energy resources.Fil: Carrizo, Silvina Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; ArgentinaFil: Velut, Sebastien. Universite de Paris III. Institut des Hautes Etudes de L?Amérique Latine; FranciaFil: Villalba, María Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentina. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires; Argentin

Effects of Multisensory Contexts on Tofu and Soy Sauce Evaluation and Consumption

We examined the effects of an informative pitch and multisensory contexts as potential factors influencing individuals’ experience of tofu with soy sauce and the amount consumed outside the lab. Two hundred and sixteen participants watched one of two pitches (promoting either vegetarian diets or exercise) and were guided into one of three multisensory contexts (‘sustainable’, ‘meat’, or ‘neutral’ theme). Participants rated the aroma and appearance of soy sauce and the taste of tofu dipped in it using the intuitive ‘one touch’ EmojiGrid valence and arousal measuring tool. Our results showed that the ‘meat’ context increased arousal ratings for soy sauce and the tendency to consume more tofu relative to the other contexts. Pitch did not influence affective ratings or amounts consumed. We conclude that the multisensory context has the potential to positively affect peoples’ choices and perceptions of plant-based and sustainable food and promote its consumption

Electrodermal activity as an index of food neophobia outside the lab

IntroductionUnderstanding how food neophobia affects food experience may help to shift toward sustainable diets. Previous research suggests that individuals with higher food neophobia are more aroused and attentive when observing food-related stimuli. The present study examined whether electrodermal activity (EDA), as index of arousal, relates to food neophobia outside the lab when exposed to a single piece of food.MethodsThe EDA of 153 participants was analyzed as part of a larger experiment conducted at a festival. Participants completed the 10-item Food Neophobia Scale. Subsequently, they saw three lids covering three foods: a hotdog labeled as “meat”, a hotdog labeled as “100% plant-based”, and tofu labeled as “100% plant-based”. Participants lifted the lids consecutively and the area-under-the-curve (AUC) of the skin conductance response (SCR) was captured between 20 s before and 20 s after each food reveal.ResultsWe found a significant positive correlation between food neophobia and AUC of SCR during presentation of the first and second hotdog and a trend for tofu. These correlations remained significant even when only including the SCR data prior to the food reveal (i.e., an anticipatory response).DiscussionThe association between food neophobia and EDA indicates that food neophobic individuals are more aroused upon the presentation of food. We show for the first time that the anticipation of being presented with food already increased arousal for food neophobic individuals. These findings also indicate that EDA can be meaningfully determined using wearables outside the lab, in a relatively uncontrolled setting for single-trial analysis

Energy Transitions and Regional integration in South America

South American countries have very different energy mixes but, with the exception of Brazil, these are not very diversified. The dependence on fossil fuels remains strong even in this continent rich in agricultural and other energy resources. In this sense, diversification possibilities are wide. States are concerned about new energy sources promotion, but there is no shared vision of a common energy future. On the contrary, integration is rather seen as a means to ensure the existing functioning by limited exchanges, rather than as a genuine transition instrument.Fil: Carrizo, Silvina Cecilia. Universidad Nacional del Centro de la Provincia de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Humanas. Centro de Estudios Sociales de América Latina; Argentina. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Tandil; ArgentinaFil: Velut, Sebastien. Universite de Paris Iii. Centre de Recherch Et de Documentation de L'amerique Latine; Franci

Transición energética y dependencia al sendero: La Patagonia argentina en un nuevo ciclo energético

Les hydrocarbures non conventionnels pourraient prolonger l’utilisation des combustibles fossiles en contradiction avec les projets de transition énergétique vers les renouvelables. Nous analysons cette tension à partir de la notion de dépendance au sentier en examinant l’exploitation des hydrocarbures non conventionnels des gisements de Vaca Muerta (Patagonie argentine). Le gaz a pris une place centrale dans l’approvisionnement énergétique de l’Argentine et ce choix du gaz conditionne les politiques énergétiques. Il amène à favoriser l’exploitation des hydrocarbures non conventionnels, qui reconfigure la région pétrolière de Neuquén, alors que se multiplient les projets d’énergies renouvelables. La dépendance au sentier conditionne la transition énergétique.Unconventional hydrocarbons could prolong the use of fossil fuels and extend plans for an energy transition to renewables. We analyse this contradiction using the notion of path dependence, by examining the exploitation of unconventional hydrocarbons in the Vaca Muerta shale deposits (Argentinia Patagonia). Gas has taken on a central role in Argentina’s energy supply, and this situation affects energy policies. It has led to the development of unconventional hydrocarbons, thereby reconfiguring the Neuquén oil region, while renewable energy projects multiply. Path dependence conditions the energy transition.Los hidrocarburos no convencionales podrían alargar los usos de los combustibles fósiles, en contradicción con los planes de transición energética hacia las energías renovables. Analizamos esta tensión utilizando el concepto de dependencia al sendero, fijándonos en la explotación de hidrocarburos no convencionales en los yacimientos de Vaca Muerta (Patagonia argentina). El gas ha adquirido un papel central en el abastecimiento energético de Argentina, y esta elección condiciona las políticas energéticas. Se fomenta la explotación de hidrocarburos no convencionales, lo que está reconfigurando la región petrolera de Neuquén, al tiempo que proliferan los proyectos de energías renovables. La dependencia al sendera se multiplican la transición energética.Fil: Velut, Sebastien. Universite de la Sorbona Nouvelle. Instituto de Hautes Etudes; FranciaFil: Carrizo, Silvina Cecilia. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; ArgentinaFil: Villalba, María Sofía. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas; Argentin

L'énergie dans le développement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie

Dans un contexte de raréfaction des ressources en énergie fossile et de changements climatiques, la Nouvelle-Calédonie, qui n’est pas actuellement soumise au protocole de Kyoto, doit répondre aux préoccupations environnementales et trouver les voies et moyens d’une moins grande dépendance énergétique. Au moment où le Territoire définit son Schéma d’aménagement et de développement 2025 et, dans le prolongement, son Schéma de l’énergie et du climat, le gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie et l’ADEME, via le Comité territorial pour la maîtrise de l’énergie (CTME), ont demandé à l’Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD) de produire un état des lieux complet et une analyse pluridisciplinaire des enjeux constitutifs de la question de l’énergie dans le développement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie. La maîtrise de l’énergie, les nouvelles technologies en matière de production et de stockage d’énergie, les moyens de réduction des émissions de gaz à effet de serre, la géopolitique de l’énergie et du climat et la coopération régionale, la gouvernance de l’énergie et du climat en Nouvelle-Calédonie, ont ainsi été examinés au cours de l’année 2009 par un collège d’experts qui en restitue ici le bilan détaillé. Cette expertise collégiale, qui a mobilisé l’ensemble des données scientifiques disponibles pour les décliner sur le cas particulier de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, livre une série de recommandations qui pourront utilement venir à l’appui des politiques que le Territoire est sur le point de se donner