THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE DESIGN METHODS OF THE MODES OF INPUT AND CONSUMPTION OF THE ELECTRIC ENERGY UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF ASYMMETRY AND NON-SINUSOIDALITY OF THE A.C. ELECTRIC THRUST LOAD

To ensure the investigations of the systems of the thrust electric supply, the method of design of the electric power system containing the thrust load, the method of design of the unbalance of the input and consumption of the electric power for the train thrust, within the limits of sections (areas) of the railway, the method of measurement of the equalizing currents in the intersubstation zones, have been developed. In the cource of the theoretical and experimental investigations, the conditions of the rational conjugation of the systems of outside and thrust electric supply have been determined, the measures on the improvement of the electric power counter validity for the trauns thrust have been developed. The results of the work have been used in the electrified railways of the Russian Federation.Available from VNTIC / VNTIC - Scientific & Technical Information Centre of RussiaSIGLERURussian Federatio

Increase of energy efficiency of electric traction system in operating condition of sectioning posts with electric energy storage units

The increase of energy efficiency of the electric traction system is directed to achieving the target indicators, denoted by the Energy strategy of the OS «RZD». One of the basic problems, which must be solved, is the increase of efficiency of the regenerative braking on the railway sections. This could be achieved by receiving regeneration energy. One of the possible decisions is the disposal of the electric energy storage unit in the electric traction system on the sectioning post. For some energy parameters, the installation of storage unit on the sectioning post is more effective in comparison with its location on the traction substations. The analysis of the basic methods of the electric traction system operation when the regenerative braking is applied allows determining the required parameters and finding more effective areas for using the device. The aim of the research is to evaluate the expediency and the efficiency of applying the capacitive energy storage units on the railway posts of the DC sectioning to increase the efficiency of using the regenerative braking as well as to increase the energy efficiency of the electric traction system. Research methods: the simulation modeling of the traction capacity in the electric traction system based on the experimental date, obtained from the measuring system of the DC electric locomotive. Results. The authors have analyzed the influence of the capacitive energy storage units, located on the sectioning posts on the operation modes of the DC electric traction system when the regenerative braking is applied. The electric energy storage unit operation was modeled for one of the actual area of the railroad with several areas between substations, on the base of the data, obtained by the results of processing the goods train traction load. The cross-section of a road includes gradients up to 10 ppm, that causes the wide use of the regenerative braking. The authors proposed the algorithm of controlling the operating mode of the electric energy storage unit on the post of the DC sectioning, which is based on measuring voltage level on the wires of the post of the DC sectioning and on the wires of the electric energy storage unit; considered the diagram of controlling the energy storage units with the counter turning on of the election keys, which provides the energy storage charge unit when using the trains with regenerative braking and its discharge at minimal voltage in the wires of the sectioning post by the maximal traction load. It was shown, that the use of the electric energy storage units on the post of the DC sectioning allows increasing the average voltage on the wires of the adjacent traction substations, reducing electric energy losses in the traction system, the level of the traction load of the converting unit input and the total electric power consumption, determined by the connections of the contact network of the traction substations. The authors estimated the influence of the storage unit on the working parameters of the electric traction system. The paper mentions the defects of the considered diagram of the energy storage unit connection to the wires of the DC sectioning post. The defects can be removed by improving the control diagram

Increase of energy efficiency of electric traction system in operating condition of sectioning posts with electric energy storage units

The increase of energy efficiency of the electric traction system is directed to achieving the target indicators, denoted by the Energy strategy of the OS «RZD». One of the basic problems, which must be solved, is the increase of efficiency of the regenerative braking on the railway sections. This could be achieved by receiving regeneration energy. One of the possible decisions is the disposal of the electric energy storage unit in the electric traction system on the sectioning post. For some energy parameters, the installation of storage unit on the sectioning post is more effective in comparison with its location on the traction substations. The analysis of the basic methods of the electric traction system operation when the regenerative braking is applied allows determining the required parameters and finding more effective areas for using the device. The aim of the research is to evaluate the expediency and the efficiency of applying the capacitive energy storage units on the railway posts of the DC sectioning to increase the efficiency of using the regenerative braking as well as to increase the energy efficiency of the electric traction system. Research methods: the simulation modeling of the traction capacity in the electric traction system based on the experimental date, obtained from the measuring system of the DC electric locomotive. Results. The authors have analyzed the influence of the capacitive energy storage units, located on the sectioning posts on the operation modes of the DC electric traction system when the regenerative braking is applied. The electric energy storage unit operation was modeled for one of the actual area of the railroad with several areas between substations, on the base of the data, obtained by the results of processing the goods train traction load. The cross-section of a road includes gradients up to 10 ppm, that causes the wide use of the regenerative braking. The authors proposed the algorithm of controlling the operating mode of the electric energy storage unit on the post of the DC sectioning, which is based on measuring voltage level on the wires of the post of the DC sectioning and on the wires of the electric energy storage unit; considered the diagram of controlling the energy storage units with the counter turning on of the election keys, which provides the energy storage charge unit when using the trains with regenerative braking and its discharge at minimal voltage in the wires of the sectioning post by the maximal traction load. It was shown, that the use of the electric energy storage units on the post of the DC sectioning allows increasing the average voltage on the wires of the adjacent traction substations, reducing electric energy losses in the traction system, the level of the traction load of the converting unit input and the total electric power consumption, determined by the connections of the contact network of the traction substations. The authors estimated the influence of the storage unit on the working parameters of the electric traction system. The paper mentions the defects of the considered diagram of the energy storage unit connection to the wires of the DC sectioning post. The defects can be removed by improving the control diagram

Increase of passage capacity of distributive electric networks with renewable energy sources through their reconfiguration

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью разработки технических решений по повышению пропускной способности перспективных распределительных электрических сетей железных дорог с возобновляемыми источниками энергии в темпе процессов изменения спроса на электроэнергию. Цель: повышение пропускной способности перспективных распределительных электрических сетей железных дорог с возобновляемыми источниками энергии путем оптимальной реконфигурации электрических схем. Объекты: распределительные электрические сети, источники распределенной генерации активной и реактивной мощности, методы оптимизации для решения задач в электроэнергетике, повышение пропускной способности электрической сети. Методы: оптимизационная задача решалась методом ветвей и границ, имитационное моделирование режимов электрических сетей выполнялось в Matlab Simulink. Результаты. Разработан алгоритм реконфигурации электрической сети для повышения ее пропускной способности на основе решения задач оптимизации нормальных режимов (статическая реконфигурация) и минимизации потребления электроэнергии без расчета установившихся режимов в темпе процессов изменения спроса на электроэнергию (динамическая реконфигурация). Для обеспечения допустимости режимов распределительных электрических сетей предложены подходы к управлению предложением активных (на базе возобновляемых источников) и реактивных мощностей и спросом активных потребителей. Представлены результаты реализации динамической реконфигурации для тестовой электрической схемы без учета управления предложением мощности и спросом активных потребителей, свидетельствующие об обоснованности предлагаемых подходов к повышению пропускной способности электрической сети.The relevance of the study is caused by the need to develop technical solutions to increase the capacity of promising distribution electric networks of railways with renewable energy sources in the pace of changing demand for electricity. The aim of research is to increase the capacity of promising distribution electric networks of railways with renewable energy sources through optimal reconfiguration of electrical circuits. Objects: distribution electric networks, sources of distributed generation of active and reactive power, optimization methods for solving problems in the electric power industry, increasing the capacity of the electric network. Methods. Optimization problem was solved by the branch and bound method, simulation modeling of the electrical network modes was performed in Matlab Simulink. Results. The authors have developed the algorithm for reconfiguring the electrical network to increase its capacity based on solving the problems of optimizing normal modes (static reconfiguration) and minimizing power consumption without calculating steady-state modes in the pace of electricity demand change processes (dynamic reconfiguration). To ensure the admissibility of the modes of distribution electric networks, approaches to managing the supply of active (based on renewable sources) and reactive capacities and the demand of active consumers were proposed. The paper introduces the results of implementation of dynamic reconfiguration for the test circuitry without taking into account the power supply and demand management of active consumers, indicating the validity of the proposed approaches to improving the transmission capacity of the electrical network

Increase of passage capacity of distributive electric networks with renewable energy sources through their reconfiguration

Актуальность исследования обусловлена необходимостью разработки технических решений по повышению пропускной способности перспективных распределительных электрических сетей железных дорог с возобновляемыми источниками энергии в темпе процессов изменения спроса на электроэнергию. Цель: повышение пропускной способности перспективных распределительных электрических сетей железных дорог с возобновляемыми источниками энергии путем оптимальной реконфигурации электрических схем. Объекты: распределительные электрические сети, источники распределенной генерации активной и реактивной мощности, методы оптимизации для решения задач в электроэнергетике, повышение пропускной способности электрической сети. Методы: оптимизационная задача решалась методом ветвей и границ, имитационное моделирование режимов электрических сетей выполнялось в Matlab Simulink. Результаты. Разработан алгоритм реконфигурации электрической сети для повышения ее пропускной способности на основе решения задач оптимизации нормальных режимов (статическая реконфигурация) и минимизации потребления электроэнергии без расчета установившихся режимов в темпе процессов изменения спроса на электроэнергию (динамическая реконфигурация). Для обеспечения допустимости режимов распределительных электрических сетей предложены подходы к управлению предложением активных (на базе возобновляемых источников) и реактивных мощностей и спросом активных потребителей. Представлены результаты реализации динамической реконфигурации для тестовой электрической схемы без учета управления предложением мощности и спросом активных потребителей, свидетельствующие об обоснованности предлагаемых подходов к повышению пропускной способности электрической сети.The relevance of the study is caused by the need to develop technical solutions to increase the capacity of promising distribution electric networks of railways with renewable energy sources in the pace of changing demand for electricity. The aim of research is to increase the capacity of promising distribution electric networks of railways with renewable energy sources through optimal reconfiguration of electrical circuits. Objects: distribution electric networks, sources of distributed generation of active and reactive power, optimization methods for solving problems in the electric power industry, increasing the capacity of the electric network. Methods. Optimization problem was solved by the branch and bound method, simulation modeling of the electrical network modes was performed in Matlab Simulink. Results. The authors have developed the algorithm for reconfiguring the electrical network to increase its capacity based on solving the problems of optimizing normal modes (static reconfiguration) and minimizing power consumption without calculating steady-state modes in the pace of electricity demand change processes (dynamic reconfiguration). To ensure the admissibility of the modes of distribution electric networks, approaches to managing the supply of active (based on renewable sources) and reactive capacities and the demand of active consumers were proposed. The paper introduces the results of implementation of dynamic reconfiguration for the test circuitry without taking into account the power supply and demand management of active consumers, indicating the validity of the proposed approaches to improving the transmission capacity of the electrical network

Increase of energy efficiency of electric traction system in operating condition of sectioning posts with electric energy storage units

Повышение энергетической эффективности работы системы тягового электроснабжения направлено на достижение целевых показателей, обозначенных Энергетической стратегией ОАО «РЖД». Одной из основных задач, требующих решения, является повышение эффективности рекуперативного торможения на участках железных дорог, что может быть достигнуто обеспечением приема энергии рекуперации. Одним из возможных решений является размещение накопителя электрической энергии в системе тягового электроснабжения на посту секционирования, так как по ряду энергетических параметров именно на посту секционирования установка накопителя оказывается более эффективно по сравнению с размещением на тяговых подстанциях. Изучение основных режимов работы системы тягового электроснабжения в условиях применения рекуперативного торможения позволяет определить необходимые параметры и найти наиболее эффективные участки применения устройств. Цель работы: оценка целесообразности и эффективности применения емкостных накопителей электрической энергии на постах секционирования железных дорог постоянного тока, в целях повышения эффективности применения рекуперативного торможения, а также повышения энергетической эффективности системы тягового электроснабжения. Методы исследования: имитационное моделирование тяговой нагрузки в системе тягового электроснабжения на основе экспериментальных данных, полученных с измерительных систем электровозов постоянного тока. Результаты. Исследовано влияние емкостных накопителей энергии, расположенных на постах секционирования, на режимы работы системы тягового электроснабжения постоянного тока в условиях применения рекуперативного торможения. Моделирование работы накопителей энергии выполнено для одного из реальных участков железной дороги, содержащих несколько межподстанционных зон, на основе данных, полученных по результатам обработки тяговой нагрузки грузового поезда. Профиль пути рассматриваемого участка железной дороги содержит уклоны до десяти промилле, что обусловливает широкое применение рекуперативного торможения. Предложен алгоритм управления режимами работы накопителя электроэнергии на посту секционирования постоянного тока, основанный на измерениях уровня напряжения на шинах поста секционирования постоянного тока и шинах накопителя энергии. Рассмотрена схема управления накопителями энергии со встречным включением электронных ключей, обеспечивающая заряд накопителя энергии при применении поездов рекуперативного торможения и его разряд при минимальном напряжении на шинах поста секционирования при максимальной тяговой нагрузке. Показано, что применение накопителей энергии на посту секционирования постоянного тока позволяет повысить среднее напряжения на шинах смежных тяговых подстанций, сократить потери электроэнергии в тяговой сети, уровень тяговой нагрузки по вводу преобразовательного агрегата и суммарный расход электроэнергии, определяемый по присоединениям контактной сети тяговых подстанций. Выполнена оценка влияния накопителя на параметры работы системы тягового электроснабжения. Отмечены недостатки рассматриваемой схемы подключения накопителя электроэнергии к шинам поста секционирования постоянного тока, которые могут быть устранены в дальнейшем путем совершенствования схемы управления.The increase of energy efficiency of the electric traction system is directed to achieving the target indicators, denoted by the Energy strategy of the OS «RZD». One of the basic problems, which must be solved, is the increase of efficiency of the regenerative braking on the railway sections. This could be achieved by receiving regeneration energy. One of the possible decisions is the disposal of the electric energy storage unit in the electric traction system on the sectioning post. For some energy parameters, the installation of storage unit on the sectioning post is more effective in comparison with its location on the traction substations. The analysis of the basic methods of the electric traction system operation when the regenerative braking is applied allows determining the required parameters and finding more effective areas for using the device. The aim of the research is to evaluate the expediency and the efficiency of applying the capacitive energy storage units on the railway posts of the DC sectioning to increase the efficiency of using the regenerative braking as well as to increase the energy efficiency of the electric traction system. Research methods: the simulation modeling of the traction capacity in the electric traction system based on the experimental date, obtained from the measuring system of the DC electric locomotive. Results. The authors have analyzed the influence of the capacitive energy storage units, located on the sectioning posts on the operation modes of the DC electric traction system when the regenerative braking is applied. The electric energy storage unit operation was modeled for one of the actual area of the railroad with several areas between substations, on the base of the data, obtained by the results of processing the goods train traction load. The cross-section of a road includes gradients up to 10 ppm, that causes the wide use of the regenerative braking. The authors proposed the algorithm of controlling the operating mode of the electric energy storage unit on the post of the DC sectioning, which is based on measuring voltage level on the wires of the post of the DC sectioning and on the wires of the electric energy storage unit; considered the diagram of controlling the energy storage units with the counter turning on of the election keys, which provides the energy storage charge unit when using the trains with regenerative braking and its discharge at minimal voltage in the wires of the sectioning post by the maximal traction load. It was shown, that the use of the electric energy storage units on the post of the DC sectioning allows increasing the average voltage on the wires of the adjacent traction substations, reducing electric energy losses in the traction system, the level of the traction load of the converting unit input and the total electric power consumption, determined by the connections of the contact network of the traction substations. The authors estimated the influence of the storage unit on the working parameters of the electric traction system. The paper mentions the defects of the considered diagram of the energy storage unit connection to the wires of the DC sectioning post. The defects can be removed by improving the control diagram