The effect of the program Play and Stay on learning tennis skills and of the success rate on primary school pupils

Tennis is a sport, in which both physical and mental skills participate in an ideal proportion. «Play and Stay» is a teaching program, in other words a teaching method, promoted by the International Tennis Federation (ITF) that suggests coaches to modify the rules of the game and to use specific equipment, so as the participants can start playing form the first lesson, making the game enjoying and interesting, subsequence, the novice player’s interest in the game is keeping alive. The aim of this study was to check the program’s «Play and Stay» effect to the learning of the tennis’ basic abilities (backhand, forehand and service) and the novice players’ satisfaction, which they derive from this program. Furthermore, this study was aimed to check the differences between boys and girls in relation to the performance, learning and satisfaction, which they derive from the program. The sample of the study consisted of 62 pupils (2 groups), aged 11 years. Each group was, randomly, separated in two (2) groups, group A (experimental group) and group B (control group). The experimental group followed the «Play and Stay» program, whereas the control group followed the traditional teaching method of the three basic tennis’ skills. Four measurements took place: pioneer, the following day (reliability control), final and measurement of maintenance. Questionnaires were given to the above learners in order to ascertain their satisfaction level. The data processing showed that the experimental group was better than the control group relatively to each separate factor of the technique and of the result of the three basic tennis’ skills as well to the satisfaction, which the groups derive from the «Play and Stay» program. In conclusion, «Play and Stay» method, suggested by the International Tennis Federation, is the most effective method in the whole range of Tennis’ teaching.Το τένις είναι ένα άθλημα με ιδανική συμμετοχή του σώματος και του πνεύματος. Το πρόγραμμα «Play and Stay», που προτείνει η Διεθνής Ομοσπονδία Αντισφαίρισης, καθοδηγεί τους προπονητές να τροποποιήσουν τους κανόνες του παιχνιδιού και να χρησιμοποιήσουν συγκεκριμένο υλικοτεχνικό εξοπλισμό, με σκοπό να μπορούν οι συμμετέχοντες να αρχίζουν το παιχνίδι από το πρώτο μάθημα, κάνοντάς το διασκεδαστικό και ενδιαφέρον, «κρατώντας» ουσιαστικά τους αρχάριους παίκτες στο παιχνίδι. Σκοπός της παρούσας έρευνας ήταν η εξέταση της επίδρασης του προγράμματος «Play and Stay» στην εκμάθηση των βασικών δεξιοτήτων του τένις (backhand, forehand και service) και στην αντιλαμβανόμενη ικανοποίηση των αρχάριων μαθητών. Επίσης ο έλεγχος των διαφορών στην απόδοση και μάθηση, καθώς και στην αντιλαμβανόμενη ικανοποίηση από το πρόγραμμα μεταξύ αγοριών και κοριτσιών. Το δείγμα της έρευνας αποτέλεσαν 62 μαθητές (2 τμήματα) ηλικίας 11. Κάθε τμήμα χωρίσθηκε τυχαία σε δυο ομάδες, την ομάδα Α (πειραματική) και την ομάδα Β (ελέγχου). Η πειραματική ομάδα ακολούθησε το πρόγραμμα «Play and Stay» και η ομάδα ελέγχου τον παραδοσιακό τρόπο διδασκαλίας των τριών βασικών δεξιοτήτων του τένις. Έγιναν τέσσερις μετρήσεις: αρχική, την αμέσως επόμενη μέρα (έλεγχος αξιοπιστίας), τελική και διατήρησης. Επίσης στους μαθητές και των δυο ομάδων μοιράστηκαν ερωτηματολόγια για τη διερεύνηση του βαθμού ικανοποίησής τους. Από την επεξεργασία των αποτελεσμάτων προέκυψε ότι ανά ξεχωριστό παράγοντα τεχνικής και αποτελέσματος των τριών χτυπημάτων και ως προς την αντλούμενη ικανοποίηση από το πρόγραμμα, η πειραματική ομάδα ήταν καλύτερη από την ομάδα ελέγχου. Συμπεραίνεται ότι η μέθοδος «Play and Stay» που προτείνει η Διεθνής Ομοσπονδία Αντισφαίρισης είναι πιο αποτελεσματική σε όλο το φάσμα της διδασκαλία

AKTIVACIJA MIŠIĆA TOKOM FORHEND I BEKEND UDARACA U TENISU

Tennis is one of the most popular individual sports all over the world. Strength and trained muscles are required for a player in order to achieve a good backhand, forehand, volley or flat stroke. Especially while playing tennis are many kinds of muscles involved, including the lower body muscles, trunk muscles and upper body muscles. The purpose of this review is to present the activated muscles in the basic tennis movements of forehand and backhand and to improve the knowledge about their role in order to help tennis players and coaches to enhance their tennis performance and to reduce risk of injury. To support the present review, data were gathered from library and network databases using keywords such as tennis, muscles, forehand, and backhand for publications between 2015 and 2019. Overall, thirty-five references were detected and used. The literature showed that forehand and backhand drives are strokes that involve muscles not only of the upper limbs but also a series of more complex movements that start with the feet and end with the swinging of the tennis racket. The insight for the action of the muscles in tennis should be utilized in tennis players so as to better understand the muscular function which takes part in specific tennis movements and has a greater performance. In addition, this knowledge is considered strongly beneficial for the coaches and the favourable building of the training process.Tenis je jedan od najpopularnijih individualnih sportova širom sveta. Snaga i utreniranost mišića su neophodni igraču kako bi postigao dobar bekhend, forhend, volej ili ravni udarac. Tokom igranja tenisa uključene su brojne vrste mišića kao što su mišići donjeg dela tela, mišići trupa i mišići gornjeg dela tela. Cilj ovog preglednog rada je da predstavi mišiće aktivirane u osnovnim teniskim pokretima forhenda i bekhenda i da poboljša znanje o njihovoj ulozi kako bi se teniserima i trenerima pomoglo da poboljšaju svoje sportske učinke i smanje rizik od povreda. U cilju pregleda literature, podaci su prikupljeni iz baza podataka biblioteka i sa interneta koristeći ključne reči kao što su tenis, mišići, forhend, bekhend i u publikacijama između 2015. i 2019. godine. Ukupno je pronađeno i korišćeno trideset pet referenci. Literatura je pokazala da su forhend i backhand udarci koji uključuju mišiće ne samo gornjih ekstremiteta već i niz složenih pokreta koji počinju u stopalima, a završavaju se zamahivanjem teniskog reketa. Uvid u delovanje mišića u tenisu treba koristiti kod tenisera kako bi se bolje razumele mišićne funkcije koje učestvuju u određenim teniskim pokretima i koje su važne za ostvarivanje boljeg sportskog učinka. Pored toga, ovo znanje se smatra izuzetno korisnim za trenere i povoljnim za izgradnju trenažnog procesa

Decoding Hip Muscle Activation: A Comparative Electromyographic Analysis of Turn-Out Bent Knee Pulse and Single-Leg Banded Glute Bridge Exercises in Healthy Female Subjects

Individuals with lower extremity injuries and back pain may exhibit weakness and stiffness in important muscles such as the gluteus maximus and external hip rotators. To aid clinicians in understanding the impact of exercises on factors like stability, endurance, and strength, electromyography (EMG) examination can be employed to monitor muscle activation. In this investigation, the EMG activity of the gluteus maximus and medius were compared between two exercises: the turn-out bent knee pulse and the single-leg banded glute bridge. The study enrolled a group of 64 healthy young women, aged 19 to 24 years. The raw data collected were standardized and represented as a percentage of maximum voluntary isometric contraction (%MVIC). To assess the reliability of the EMG recordings, the test–retest analysis was performed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC3,1). Statistical analysis involved conducting a one-way ANOVA to compare the EMG amplitudes between the two exercises. Remarkably, the results demonstrated a significantly higher EMG signal amplitude during the single-leg banded glute bridge exercise (mean ± SD: 90 ± 28% MVIC) when compared to the turn-out bent knee pulse exercise (mean ± SD: 70 ± 15% MVIC) (F = 16.584, p = 0.001). The study found that the single-leg banded glute bridge exercise had a significantly higher EMG signal amplitude compared to the turn-out bent knee pulse exercise. This suggests that the single-leg banded glute bridge exercise may be more effective in strengthening the gluteus maximus and medius muscles. Overall, this study highlights the importance of targeted muscle training in rehabilitation protocols and the use of EMG examination to monitor muscle activation

Self-Esteem, Individual versus Team Sports

On the basis of the integrative concept of self-esteem discussed in sport-related literature, various studies refer to its importance in the context of sports activities. Self-esteem is often understood as a personality trait because it tends to be durable and stable. No accurate description is available regarding the types of sports in which subjects participated. The main purpose of the research was to identify and compare the levels of self-esteem and self-confidence of athletes practicing individual and team sports. The self-esteem and self-confidence levels were measured by the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg 1979) and the Self-Confidence Test (Romek, 2000). All participants were males. Subjects were divided into two categories: 40 for individual sports and 40 for team sports. There were two evaluation periods: P1, the beginning of the preparation period, and P2, the beginning of the competition period. There were statistically significant differences for P1 (p < 0.002) and P2 (p < 0.003). The differences between the average values of the two periods were 5.8 points and 3.8 points, both favorable to the group of athletes who practiced individual sports. There were significant differences between the individual and team athletes in self-esteem level. Individual athletes presented a higher level of self-esteem