Uuden sukupolven tykistöampumatarvikkeet TSTA2020 pintatorjunta-aseistuksena

Suurten valtioiden intressi laivastojoukoilla annettavaan kustannustehokkaaseen tulitukeen on johtanut tykistöasejärjestelmien kehittämiseen ohjusaseisiin verrattavan tehokkuuden saavut-tamiseksi ohjustulenkäyttöä merkittävästi pienemmillä kustannuksilla. Aihe on ajankohtainen myös kotimaisessa toimintaympäristössä merivoimien valmistellessa uutta taistelualusluokkaa, joka valmistuessaan tulee korvaamaan suuren osan olemassa olevasta laivaston suorituskyvystä. Uudet tekniset ratkaisut ovat lisänneet tykistöaseiden kantamaa moninkertaiseksi ja tehneet tykistökranaateista ohjautuvia, metriluokan tarkkuuteen kykeneviä täsmäaseita, jotka soveltuvat niin tulitukeen kuin pinta- ja ilmatorjuntaan, sekä kustannustehokkuutensa ansiosta tykis-töaseille tyypilliseen massamaiseen käyttöön. Tutkimuksessa perehdyttiin kirjallisuustutkimuksen, vaatimusmäärittelyn ja vertailun keinoin uuden sukupolven ampumatarvikkeiden soveltuvuuteen Suomen merivoimien tehtävien täyttämiseen tulevaisuuden aluskalustolla. Kirjallisuustutkimuksella selvitettiin uuden sukupol-ven tykistöampumatarvikkeiden tekninen kehitys, rakenne ja suorituskyky, jota vertailtiin toimintaympäristömme vaatimuksiin ja tällä hetkellä Suomessa käytössä oleviin tykistö- ja ohjusasejärjestelmiin. Tutkimuksessa havaittiin, että tietyt uuden sukupolven ampumatarvikkeet soveltuvat erin-omaisesti täydentäväksi pintatorjunta-asejärjestelmäksi uudelle taistelualusluokalle parantaen aluksen soveltuvuutta monipuoliseen tehtäväkenttään ja tarjoten kustannustehokkaan, ohjuksiin verrattuna matalan käyttökynnyksen vaikuttamismahdollisuuden

Tekoäly ja automaatio tulevaisuuden laivastojoukoissa

Tekoäly, miehittämättömät järjestelmät ja näiden autonomia eri asteineen ovat kasvavia teknologian trendejä niin siviilikuin sotilasteollisuudessa. Tekoälytutkimuksen 2010-luvulla tekemien harppauksien mahdollistaessa edelleen monimutkaisempien järjestelmien kehittämistä ja käyttöönottoa tekoälyn tieteenala tunnustetaan todennäköisesti disruptiiviseksi teknologiaksi asevoimien toimintaympäristöissä jo lähitulevaisuudessa. Puolustusvoimilla on strateginen intressi tekoälykykyjen seurantaan ja kehittämiseen. Tämä opinnäytetyö tarkastelee tekoälyn kehitystä ja sen lähitulevaisuuden mahdollisuuksia Suomen laivastojoukkojen näkökulmasta, kategorioituna OODA-prosessin mukaisiin osa-alueisiin. Työssä tarkastellaan teoreettisesti ja kokeellisesti nykyteknologialla mahdollisia tapoja tuottaa ja kehittää tekoälysovelluksia Suomen laivaston käyttöön nykyisten ongelmatilanteiden ratkaisemiseksi ja ratkaisuun liittyvän suorituskyvyn kehittämiseksi. Tutkimuksen päämenetelmä on pehmeä systeemimetodologia, jolla hahmotetaan laivastojoukkojen systeemiä ja siitä löydettäviä toimintoja, joiden tehostamiseen tai muuttamiseen voidaan hyödyntää tekoälyä ja automaatiota. Tutkimuksen aineisto on kerätty kirjallisuuskatsauksena ja laadullisella analyysillä tekoälyn ja siihen pohjaavien menetelmien ja järjestelmien osalta. Tekoälyn ja koneoppimisen tarkastelun ja kokeelliseen mallinnukseen liittyen menetelminä ovat tekoälyn matemaattiset teoriat sekä algoritmit ja niiden testaus käytännössä julkisilla data-aineistoilla. Tutkimuksen johtopäätöksinä tekoälyn hyödyntäminen kapeissa, ihmistä avustavissa, sovelluksissa on mahdollista nopealla aikataululla muun muassa sensoridatan tulkinnassa ja tilannekuvan luomisessa. Suurimpina haasteina ovat kerätyn datan laajuus, laatu ja käytettävyys toimivien tekoälymallien tuottamiseksi. Niiltä osin, kun kaupalliset ja sotilaalliset intressit ovat yhteneviä, kuten merenkulussa, voidaan laivastojoukoissa hyödyntää kaupallisia järjestelmiä tekoälyn ja järjestelmäautonomian käyttöönotossa, mutta Suomen merivoimien tulee kehittää kykyä ja valmiuksia koostaa hyödyllisiä data-aineistoja ja asiantuntijajärjestelmiä tekoälyn käyttöönoton mahdollistamiseksi. Tekoälyn osaamista, kehityksen ja käyttöönoton koordinointia sekä yhteistyötä tutkimuksen ja kehitystyön piirissä tulee kehittää tukemaan päätöksentekoa tulevaisuuden hankkeita, uusia suorituskykyjä ja toimintamalleja silmällä pitäen

Physical Activity, Screen Time and Sleep among Youth Participating and Non-Participating in Organized Sports - The Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) Study

Objectives: The aim of this Health Promoting Sport Club (HPSC) study was to compare physical activity (PA), sleep time and screen time (ST) between sports club participants (n = 1200) and non-participants (n = 913). Design: A cross-sectional survey design was employed to assess PA, sleep and ST of adolescents.Methods: Information on these was collected from 14 to 16 year old adolescents (1200 sport club participants and 913 non-participants) through a standardized questionnaire. Results: Boys were more physically active than girls and met the PA guidelines more often than girls (p Conclusions: Youth participating in organized sports met the recommendations for PA, ST and sleep more often than nonparticipants, supporting sports clubs’ contribution to health promotion. At the same time, only minor portion of sporting youth met the recommendations, therefore more attention should be focused on sport club participants’ PA, sleep and ST especially in coaching.</p

Health promotion activities of sports clubs and coaches, and health and health behaviours in youth participating in sports clubs: the Health Promoting Sports Club study

Introduction: Sports clubs form a potential setting for health promotion, but the research is limited. The aim of the Health Promoting Sports Club (HPSC) study was to elucidate the current health promotion activities of youth sports clubs and coaches, and to investigate the health behaviours and health status of youth participating in sports clubs compared to non-participants.Methods and analysis: The study design employs cross-sectional multilevel and multimethod research with aspirations to a prospective cohort study in the next phase. The setting-based variables at sports clubs and coaching levels, and health behaviour variables at the individual level, are investigated using surveys; and total levels of physical activity are assessed using objective accelerometer measurements. Health status variables will be measured by preparticipation screening. The health promotion activity of sports clubs (n=154) is evaluated by club officials (n=313) and coaches (n=281). Coaches and young athletes aged 14-16 (n=759) years evaluate the coaches' health promotion activity. The survey of the adolescents' health behaviours consist of two data sets-the first is on their health behaviours and the second is on musculoskeletal complaints and injuries. Data are collected via sports clubs (759 participants) and schools 1650 (665 participants and 983 non-participants). 591 (418 athletes and 173 non-athletes) youth, have already participated in preparticipation screening. Screening consists of detailed personal medical history, electrocardiography, flow-volume spirometry, basic laboratory analyses and health status screening, including posture, muscle balance, and static and dynamic postural control tests, conducted by sports and exercise medicine specialists.Ethics and dissemination: The HPSC study is carried out conforming with the declaration of Helsinki. Ethical approval was received from the Ethics Committee of Health Care District of Central Finland. The HPSC study is close-to-practice, which generates foundations for development work within youth sports clubs.</p

Musculoskeletal examination in young athletes and non-athletes: the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) study

Objectives: To determine the inter-rater repeatability of a musculoskeletal examination and to compare findings between adolescent athletes and non-athletes in Finland.Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a musculoskeletal examination assessing posture, mobility and movement control was carried out by a sports and exercise medicine physician on 399 athletes aged 14–17 years and 177 non-athletes. Within 2 weeks another sports and exercise medicine physician repeated the examination for 41 adolescents to test the inter-rater repeatability.Results: In total, 10 of the 11 tests performed had at least moderate inter-rater reliability (κ ≥0.4 or percentage agreement >80%). Athletes more often than non-athletes had one shoulder protruded (8.0% vs 4.0%, OR 2.81, 95% CI 1.16 to 6.81). Forty-six per cent of athletes had good knee control in the two-legged vertical drop jump test compared with 32% of non-athletes (OR 1.99, 95% CI 1.29 to 3.06). Athletes had better core muscle control with 86.3% being able to remain in the correct plank position for 30 s compared with 68.6% of non-athletes (OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.67 to 4.36). In the deep squat test, good lumbar spine control was maintained only by 35.8% of athletes and 38.4% of non-athletes.Conclusion: A basic musculoskeletal examination is sufficiently reliable to be performed by trained physicians as a part of a periodic health evaluation. Shortfalls in mobility, posture and movement control are common in both athletes and non-athletes. These deficits could have been caused by sedentary behaviour, monotonous training, or both.</p

The associations between adolescents' sports club participation and dietary habits

For adolescent athletes, data on nutrition behaviors are limited. The present study aimed to evaluate the dietary habits of adolescent sports club participants (SPs) compared with those of non-participants (NPs). The cross-sectional study of 1917 adolescents aged 14-16 was based on data from the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club (FHPSC) study. The health behavior surveys were conducted among SPs (n = 1093) and NPs (n = 824). Logistic regression was used to test statistical significance of the differences in dietary habits between SPs and NPs. SPs were more likely than NPs to eat breakfast on weekends [89% vs 79%, odds ratio (OR) 1.46, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.07-2.01] and to report daily consumption of vegetables (46% vs 32%, OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.69) and fat-free or semi-skimmed milk (72% vs 55%, OR 1.33, 95% CI 1.04-1.68). Dietary habits regarded as unhealthy, such as sugared soft drink consumption, were similar between the groups. The aforementioned healthy dietary habits are more frequent in SPs than NPs, and unhealthy dietary habits are equally frequent in the groups. Both adolescent SPs' and NPs' dietary habits have deficiencies, like inadequate vegetable and fruit consumption. Sports clubs' opportunities for adolescents' healthy eating promotion should be examined

Training Volume and Intensity of Physical Activity among Young Athletes: The Health Promoting Sports Club (HPSC) Study

Both training volume and overall physical activity (PA) play a role in young athletes’ sports performance and athletic development. The purpose of this study was to describe the training volume and PA of young athletes in endurance, aesthetics, ball games, and power sports. Questionnaire data (n = 671) were obtained from 15-year-old Finnish athletes on sports participation, along with accelerometer data (n = 350) assessing the amount and intensity of their PA. The athletes’ mean weekly training volume was 11 h 41 min. Objectively assessed PA amounted to 4 h 31 min daily, out of which 1 h 31 min was at a level of moderate-to-vigorous intensity (MVPA). Among 24% of the athletes, the weekly training volume (in hours) exceeded the recommended level of age-in-years, which might increase their risk of sports injuries. At the same time, one in six athletes (16%) did not—on average—reach the internationally recommended threshold level of at least 60 minutes of MVPA per day. Compared to girls, boys averaged 2.5 more hours of training per week, and had 21 more minutes of MVPA per day. Moreover, boys had a higher goal orientation than girls, with 52% of the boys and only 29% of the girls focused on success at adult level. Although total training volume and PA did not differ among sports types, there were differences in training forms, and in the proportions of MVPA. The young athletes were found to vary greatly in training forms, training volumes, MVPA, and goal orientation; hence, training should be planned individually, both for team sports and individual sports.</p

Haemoglobin, iron status and lung function of adolescents participating in organised sports in the Finnish Health Promoting Sports Club Study

Objectives To compare laboratory test results and lung function of adolescent organised sports participants (SP) with non-participants (NP).Methods In this cross-sectional study, laboratory tests (haemoglobin, iron status), and flow-volume spirometry were performed on SP youths (199 boys, 203 girls) and their NP peers (62 boys, 114 girls) aged 14-17.Results Haemoglobin concentration Conclusions Screening for iron deficiency is recommended for symptomatic persons and persons engaging in sports. Lung function testing is recommended for symptomatic persons and persons participating in sports in which asthma is more prevalent.</div

Guidance to 2018 good practice : ARIA digitally-enabled, integrated, person-centred care for rhinitis and asthma

AimsMobile Airways Sentinel NetworK (MASK) belongs to the Fondation Partenariale MACVIA-LR of Montpellier, France and aims to provide an active and healthy life to rhinitis sufferers and to those with asthma multimorbidity across the life cycle, whatever their gender or socio-economic status, in order to reduce health and social inequities incurred by the disease and to improve the digital transformation of health and care. The ultimate goal is to change the management strategy in chronic diseases.MethodsMASK implements ICT technologies for individualized and predictive medicine to develop novel care pathways by a multi-disciplinary group centred around the patients.StakeholdersInclude patients, health care professionals (pharmacists and physicians), authorities, patient's associations, private and public sectors.ResultsMASK is deployed in 23 countries and 17 languages. 26,000 users have registered.EU grants (2018)MASK is participating in EU projects (POLLAR: impact of air POLLution in Asthma and Rhinitis, EIT Health, DigitalHealthEurope, Euriphi and Vigour).Lessons learnt(i) Adherence to treatment is the major problem of allergic disease, (ii) Self-management strategies should be considerably expanded (behavioural), (iii) Change management is essential in allergic diseases, (iv) Education strategies should be reconsidered using a patient-centred approach and (v) Lessons learnt for allergic diseases can be expanded to chronic diseases.Peer reviewe

Geolocation with respect to persona privacy for the Allergy Diary app - a MASK study

Background: Collecting data on the localization of users is a key issue for the MASK (Mobile Airways Sentinel network: the Allergy Diary) App. Data anonymization is a method of sanitization for privacy. The European Commission's Article 29 Working Party stated that geolocation information is personal data. To assess geolocation using the MASK method and to compare two anonymization methods in the MASK database to find an optimal privacy method. Methods: Geolocation was studied for all people who used the Allergy Diary App from December 2015 to November 2017 and who reported medical outcomes. Two different anonymization methods have been evaluated: Noise addition (randomization) and k-anonymity (generalization). Results: Ninety-three thousand one hundred and sixteen days of VAS were collected from 8535 users and 54,500 (58. 5%) were geolocalized, corresponding to 5428 users. Noise addition was found to be less accurate than k-anonymity using MASK data to protect the users' life privacy. Discussion: k-anonymity is an acceptable method for the anonymization of MASK data and results can be used for other databases.Peer reviewe