34 research outputs found
Smarandache type functions obtained by duality
we extend the Smarandache function from the set N* of positive integers to the set Q of rational
Crosslinking in the diglycidyl ether oligoepichlorhydrin-piperazine
The possibility of acquiring film material from a mixture of oligoepichlorhydrin diglycidylether and piperazyne discussed. The process involves elongation of the chain by means of reaction of the oligomer terminal oxyran cycles with piperazine aminogrups, and the subsequent formation of crosslinked by tertiary amine alongthe chainsalkylation whis chlorometyl dand groups of macromolecules. With this purpose, the model system investigated: epichlorohydrinβpiperidine, epichlorohydrinβpiperazine, oligoetylenglikol glicidyl etherβpiperazine. The possibility of regulating the contributions of reactions of epoxy group and alkylation on crosslinking primary stage is disclosed, as well as material properties. Taking into account the found regularities receive elastic film structured materials with quaternary nitrogen atoms in the nodes. The ratio of tertiary and quaternary structure of nitrogen depends on the process conditions. Films swell in polar solvents and has ion-exchange properties
Π‘ΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ Π² ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ Π΄ΠΈΠ³Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΏΡΡ Π»ΠΎΡΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½
The possibility of acquiring film material from a mixture of oligoepichlorhydrin diglycidylether and piperazyne discussed. The process involves elongation of the chain by means of reaction of the oligomer terminal oxyran cycles with piperazine aminogrups, and the subsequent formation of crosslinked by tertiary amine alongthe chainsalkylation whis chlorometyl dand groups of macromolecules. With this purpose, the model system investigated: epichlorohydrinβpiperidine, epichlorohydrinβpiperazine, oligoetylenglikol glicidyl etherβpiperazine. The possibility of regulating the contributions of reactions of epoxy group and alkylation on crosslinking primary stage is disclosed, as well as material properties. Taking into account the found regularities receive elastic film structured materials with quaternary nitrogen atoms in the nodes. The ratio of tertiary and quaternary structure of nitrogen depends on the process conditions. Films swell in polar solvents and has ion-exchange properties.Π‘ ΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π° Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈ Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΡΠΈΡΠ° ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½Π° ΠΈΡΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΡ: ΡΠΏΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ β ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½, ΡΠΏΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ β ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½, Π³Π»ΠΈΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠΈΡ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΠΈΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ β ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ Π²ΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΠΈΠΉ Π½Π° Π½Π°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΠΈΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΠΎΠ±ΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ² ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Π°. Π‘ ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½Π½ΡΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ ΡΠ»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΏΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ, Π½Π°Π±ΡΡ
Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ Π² ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΡΡ
ΡΠ°ΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠΈΡΠ΅Π»ΡΡ
ΠΈ ΠΎΠ±Π»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ΅ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ.Π ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ΄Π΅ΡΠΆΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π°Π½ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ Ρ Π³Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄Π΅Π»ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΠΈΡΡΠ΅ΠΌΠΈ: Π΅ΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ β ΠΏΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ½, Π΅ΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ β ΠΏΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½, Π³Π»ΡΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΠ»ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΉ Π΅ΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π³Π»ΡΠΊΠΎΠ»Ρ β ΠΏΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π²Π½Π΅ΡΠΊΡ ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉ Π½Π° ΠΏΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΡΠΉ ΡΡΠ°Π΄ΡΡ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²ΠΎΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ, Π° ΡΠ°ΠΊΠΎΠΆ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»Ρ. Π ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π·Π½Π°ΠΉΠ΄Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ
Π·Π°ΠΊΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Ρ Π΅Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΡΠ½Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ, ΡΠΊΡ Π½Π°Π±ΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Ρ
Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡ ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΡΠ½Π½Ρ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ
ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ₯ΠΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ ΠΠ¦ΠΠ‘ ΠΠ’Π ΠΠΠΠΠΠ― ΠΠ£Π’ΠΠΠ€ΠΠΠΠΠ€ΠΠ ΠΠΠΠ¬ΠΠΠΠΠΠΠΠ Π‘ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠΠ― ΠΠΠ₯ΠΠ‘ΠΠΠ₯ ΠΠΠΠ ΠΠ’Π¬
Π ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΎΠ±ΠΊΠΈ ΠΌΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ²ΡΠ΄Ρ
ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΡΡΡΠΎΠ·ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠ°Π»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π³ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ Π·Π°Ρ
ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π»Π°ΠΊΠΎΡΠ°ΡΠ±ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΡ Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠΉ ΠΏΡΠΎΡΠ΅Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°-ΡΡΠ΅Ρ-Π±ΡΡΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π· ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΌΠΎΠΌ Ρ Π»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ°Ρ
Π· Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ·Π°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ² β Π°ΠΌΡΠ°ΠΊΡ, ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ½Π½ΠΈΡ
Π°ΠΌΡΠ½ΡΠ² ΡΠ° ΡΠ°Π²Π»Π΅Π²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΡΠΈ. Π£ ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠ΅Π°ΠΊΡΡΠΉΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΠ° Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠΎΠ²ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΠΈ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ Π²ΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΡ
ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ² Π· ΡΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΠΌ Π² Π½ΡΠΉ Π·Π°Π»ΠΈΡΠΊΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΊΡΠ»ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡ Π²ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΠΈΡ
ΡΠ΅Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ². ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π±Π°Π³Π°ΡΠΎΡΠ°Π·ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΌΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡ Π²ΠΎΠ΄ΠΈ Ρ Π·Π°ΠΌΠΊΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Ρ
Π½ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠ³ΡΡΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Ρ. Π'ΡΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΎΠ±Ρ
ΡΠ΄Π½ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄Π½ΡΠΎΡ Π΄Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ·Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΌΡ Ρ ΡΠ°Π·Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡ Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ. ΠΠ° ΠΏΡΠ΄ΡΡΠ°Π²Ρ Π΄Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
Π―ΠΠ 1Π ΡΠ° ΠΠ§-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
Π΄ΠΎΡΠ»ΡΠ΄ΠΆΠ΅Π½Ρ Π·ΡΠΎΠ±Π»Π΅Π½Ρ Π²ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΊΠΈ ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎ Π²ΡΠ΄ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΎΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Π»Π°Π½ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΡ Π±ΡΠ΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ²: ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π»Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ» Π·ΡΠ°Π·ΠΊΡΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ ΠΊΠΈΡΠ»ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ, Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ 1, 2, 4-Π·Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΡΡΡΠΊΡΡΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ, Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ½Ρ Π΄ΠΎΠ»Ρ Π·Π²'ΡΠ·ΡΠ²Π°Π»ΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΡΡΡΠΊΡΠ² ΠΌΡΠΆ ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΈΠΊΠ»Π°ΠΌΠΈ Ρ Π»Π°Π½ΡΡΠ·Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Π°ΡΡΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π΅ΡΠ΅ΡΠ½Ρ ΡΡΠ°Π³ΠΌΠ΅Π½ΡΠΈ; ΠΊΡΠ½ΡΠ΅Π²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π»Π°Π½ΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ Π² ΠΌΠΎΠ»Π΅ΠΊΡΠ»Π°Ρ
ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ², ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΈΡ
Ρ Π»ΡΠΆΠ½ΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΡΡ, Ρ Π³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²Ρ Π³ΡΡΠΏΠΈ, Π° ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ½Ρ Π»Π°Π½ΠΊΠΈ Π·Π²'ΡΠ·Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π²Π°ΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΎΠ²ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΌΡΡΡΠΊΠ°ΠΌΠΈ
ΠΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠΊΠ»Π°Π΄Ρ ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π· Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ§-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ
ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π° Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌ- ΠΈ ΠΏ-Π΄ΠΈ-Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»Π°.ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ Π·Π°ΡΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π°Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Ρ ΠΠ§-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΡΡ Π΄Π»Ρ Π²ΠΈΠ·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΡΠ°ΡΡΠΊΠΈΒ ΠΊΡΠΎΡ-Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Ρ Π· Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ Π·Π° Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΡΠΌΡΠ³Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌ- Ρ ΠΏ-Π΄ΠΈ-Π²ΡΠ½ΡΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»Ρ
Ionexchanged film materials on basis of oligoepichlorohydrined epoxide and piperazine
The film materials with ion-exchanged properties on the basis of the polymer, obtained by condensation of oligoepichlorohydrined epoxide and piperazine with the subsequent chemical modification have been synthesized. Compounds which have different thermodynamic affinity with the polymer and each other have been used as modifiers. It has been shown that the possibility of overcoming the lack of compatibility of the components by selection of the order of their combination. The result of the combination can be predicted by the Hildebrand parameter values of the ingredients, intermediate products and prepolymers based on them. The properties of synthesized materials can be adjusted by selection of combinations of chemical modifiers: toluilenediisocyanate, epoxyed soybean oil and tetraethoxysilane.</span
ΠΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΡΠ½Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΏΡΡ Π»ΠΎΡΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ
The film materials with ion-exchanged properties on the basis of the polymer, obtained by condensation of oligoepichlorohydrined epoxide and piperazine with the subsequent chemical modification have been synthesized. Compounds which have different thermodynamic affinity with the polymer and each other have been used as modifiers. It has been shown that the possibility of overcoming the lack of compatibility of the components by selection of the order of their combination. The result of the combination can be predicted by the Hildebrand parameter values of the ingredients, intermediate products and prepolymers based on them. The properties of synthesized materials can be adjusted by selection of combinations of chemical modifiers: toluilenediisocyanate, epoxyed soybean oil and tetraethoxysilane.Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ½ΠΎΡΠ½ΡΠ΅ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»Ρ Ρ ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π°ΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°, ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ ΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠ³ΠΎΡΠΏΠΈΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ³ΠΈΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Π° ΠΈ ΠΏΠΈΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½Π° Ρ ΠΏΠΎΡΠ»Π΅Π΄ΡΡΡΠ΅ΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠΉ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΈΠ΅ΠΉ. Π ΠΊΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ²Π΅ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠ·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Ρ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ, ΠΊΠΎΡΠΎΡΡΠ΅ ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ ΡΠ°Π·Π»ΠΈΡΠ½ΠΎΠ΅ ΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΎΠ΅ ΡΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΡΠ²ΠΎ Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌ ΠΈ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ Ρ Π΄ΡΡΠ³ΠΎΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠΉ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΈΠΌΠΎΡΡΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ² ΠΏΡΡΡΠΌ Π²ΡΠ±ΠΎΡΠ° ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΠ° ΠΈΡ
ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΠΎΠ²ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎ Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΠΌ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠΎΠ² ΠΠΈΠ»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π° ΠΈΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΠΈΠ΅Π½ΡΠΎΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΡΡΠΎΡΠ½ΡΡ
Β ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΠΎΠ² ΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² Π½Π° ΠΈΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Π΅. Π£ΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΡΠΎ ΡΠ²ΠΎΠΉΡΡΠ²Π° ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΡΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΠ°Π»ΠΎΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎ ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°ΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΎΡΠ΅ΡΠ°Π½ΠΈΠΉ Ρ
ΠΈΠΌΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΈΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΠΎΠ²: ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΠΈΠ»Π΅Π½Π΄ΠΈΠΈΠ·ΠΎΡΠΈΠ°Π½Π°ΡΠ°, ΡΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΈΡΠΎΠ²Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΡΠΎΠ΅Π²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ»Π° ΠΈ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°ΡΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π½Π°.Π‘ΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΏΠ»ΡΠ²ΠΊΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΠΈ Π· ΡΠΎΠ½ΠΎΠΎΠ±ΠΌΡΠ½Π½ΠΈΠΌΠΈ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΈ Π½Π° ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡ, ΡΠΊΠΈΠΉ ΠΎΡΡΠΈΠΌΠ°Π½ΠΎ ΠΊΠΎΠ½Π΄Π΅Π½ΡΠ°ΡΡΡΡ ΠΎΠ»ΡΠ³ΠΎΠ΅ΠΏΡΡ
Π»ΠΎΡΠ³ΡΠ΄ΡΠΈΠ½ΠΎΠ²ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄Ρ Ρ ΠΏΡΠΏΠ΅ΡΠ°Π·ΠΈΠ½Ρ Π· ΠΏΠΎΠ΄Π°Π»ΡΡΠΎΡ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡ ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΡΡΡ. Π£ΡΠΊΠΎΡΡΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ²Π²ΠΈΠΊΠΎΡΠΈΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΊΠΈ, ΡΠΎΠΌΠ°ΡΡΡΡΡΠ·Π½ΡΡΠ΅ΡΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π°ΠΌΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄Π½Π΅Π½ΡΡΡΡΠ·ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠΌΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΠ½Π·ΠΎΠ΄Π½ΠΈΠΌ. ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½ΠΎ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ»ΠΈΠ²ΡΡΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠ»Π°Π½Π½Ρ Π½Π΅Π΄ΠΎΡΡΠ°ΡΠ½ΡΠΎΡ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΏΠΎΠ½Π΅Π½ΡΡΠ² ΡΠ»ΡΡ
ΠΎΠΌ Π²ΠΈΠ±ΠΎΡΡ ΠΏΠΎΡΡΠ΄ΠΊΡ ΡΡ
ΡΡΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ. ΠΡΠΈ ΡΡΠΎΠΌΡ ΡΠ΅Π·ΡΠ»ΡΡΠ°Ρ ΡΡΠΌΡΡΠ΅Π½Π½Ρ ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° ΠΏΡΠΎΠ³Π½ΠΎΠ·ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ Π·Π° Π·Π½Π°ΡΠ΅Π½Π½ΡΠΌΠΈ ΠΏΠ°ΡΠ°ΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΡΠ² ΠΡΠ»ΡΠ΄Π΅Π±ΡΠ°Π½Π΄Π° ΡΠ½Π³ΡΠ΅Π΄ΡΡΠ½ΡΡΠ², ΠΏΡΠΎΠΌΡΠΆΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΏΡΠΎΠ΄ΡΠΊΡΡΠ² Ρ ΠΏΡΠ΅ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΠΌΠ΅ΡΡΠ² Π½Π° ΡΡ
ΠΎΡΠ½ΠΎΠ²Ρ. ΠΡΡΠ°Π½ΠΎΠ²Π»Π΅Π½ΠΎ, ΡΠΎ Π²Π»Π°ΡΡΠΈΠ²ΠΎΡΡΡ ΡΠΈΠ½ΡΠ΅Π·ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠ°ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π»ΡΠ² ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½Π° ΡΠ΅Π³ΡΠ»ΡΠ²Π°ΡΠΈ ΠΏΡΠ΄Π±ΠΎΡΠΎΠΌ ΡΠΏΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ΅Π½Ρ Ρ
ΡΠΌΡΡΠ½ΠΈΡ
ΠΌΠΎΠ΄ΠΈΡΡΠΊΠ°ΡΠΎΡΡΠ²: ΡΠΎΠ»ΡΡΠ»Π΅Π½Π΄ΡΡΠ·ΠΎΡΡΠ°Π½Π°ΡΡ, Π΅ΠΏΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΠ΄ΠΎΠ²Π°Π½ΠΎΡ ΡΠΎΡΠ²ΠΎΡ ΠΎΠ»ΡΡ Ρ ΡΠ΅ΡΡΠ°Π΅ΡΠΎΠΊΡΠΈΡΠΈΠ»Π°Π½Ρ
ΠΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ ΡΠΎΡΡΠ°Π²Π° ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ² ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π° Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄ΠΎΠΌ ΠΠ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ
ΠΠΎΠΊΠ°Π·Π°Π½Π° Π²ΠΎΠ·ΠΌΠΎΠΆΠ½ΠΎΡΡΡ ΠΏΡΠΈΠΌΠ΅Π½Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ ΠΌΠ΅ΡΠΎΠ΄Π° ΠΠ-ΡΠΏΠ΅ΠΊΡΡΠΎΡΠΊΠΎΠΏΠΈΠΈ Π΄Π»Ρ ΠΎΠΏΡΠ΅Π΄Π΅Π»Π΅Π½ΠΈΡ Π΄ΠΎΠ»ΠΈ ΠΊΡΠΎΡΡ-Π°Π³Π΅Π½ΡΠ° Π² ΡΠΎΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΈΠΌΠ΅ΡΠ°Ρ
ΡΡΠΈΡΠΎΠ»Π° Ρ Π΄ΠΈΠ²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»ΠΎΠΌ ΠΏΠΎ Ρ
Π°ΡΠ°ΠΊΡΠ΅ΡΠΈΡΡΠΈΡΠ΅ΡΠΊΠΈΠΌ ΠΏΠΎΠ»ΠΎΡΠ°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΌ- ΠΈ ΠΏ-Π΄ΠΈ-Π²ΠΈΠ½ΠΈΠ»Π±Π΅Π½Π·ΠΎΠ»Π°.</p
A short and validated multiple sclerosis-specific health-related quality of life measurement for routine medical practice
Background and purpose: Patient-reported health-related quality of life (Hr-QoL) is an essential end-point to assess the efficacy of multiple sclerosis (MS) treatment. Most QoL tools were developed for clinical research, for which measurement accuracy is required, irrespective of ease of use or the human resources needed. In routine medical practice (RMP), time and resources are limited, requiring simple and quick tools. Our objective was to set up a Hr-QoL measurement adapted for patients with MS, and providing an accurate estimate of Hr-QoL, whilst remaining easy to use and interpret in the RMP context. Methods: Literature searches, expert meetings and semi-structured interviews were used to gather relevant items and dimensions of existing scales. Scale development included item reduction and dimension identification through a cross-sectional observational study. The scale was validated on another independent representative sample. Statistically significant dimensions were identified using psychometric procedures, a Rasch polytomous model and iterative confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). Results: From 12 potential dimensions, based on a sample of 331 patients with MS, the backward CFA identified physical, mental and energy dimensions, and item optimization selected 10 items constituting our Hr-QoL scale prototype. Its validity was assessed in an independent study of 457 patients with MS, which provided statistical evidence of reliability, reproducibility in time, invariance with regard to population subgroups and overall fitting with a Rasch polytomous model. Conclusions: Compared with existing alternatives, our 10-item three-dimensional Hr-QoL measurement tool is adapted to RMP, and constitutes an adequate compromise between precision and ease of use in patients with MS. Β© 2013 EFNS
Predictive models for ART
A predictive model is a mathematical expression estimating the probability of pregnancy, by combining predictive variables, or indicators. Its development requires three successive phases: formulation of the model, its validation--internal then external--and the impact study. Its performance is assessed by its discrimination and its calibration. Numerous models were proposed, for spontaneous pregnancies, IUI and IVF, but with rather poor results, and their external validation was seldom carried out and was mainly inconclusive. The impact study-consisting in ascertaining whether their use improves medical practice--was exceptionally done. The ideal ART predictive model is a "Center specific" model, helping physicians to choose between abstention, IUI and IVF, by providing a reliable cumulative rate of pregnancy for each option. This tool would allow to rationalize the practices, by avoiding premature, late, or hopeless treatments. The model would also allow to compare the performances between ART Centers based on objective criteria. Today the best solution is to adjust the existing models to one's own practice, by considering models validated with variables describing the treated population, whilst adjusting the calculation to the Center's performances