3,711 research outputs found
The Work of Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch: Evidence from Colombia
We process the main written output of Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch on Colombia covering the period 1988-2004, recording all numerical conflict information and accounts of specific conflict events. We check for internal consistency and against a unique Colombian conflict database. We find that both organizations have substantive problems in their handling of quantitative information. Problems include failre to specify sources, unclear definitions, an erratic reporting template and a distorted portrayal of conflict dynamics. Accounts of individual events are fairly representative and much more useful and accurate than the statistical information. We disprove a common accusation that Amnesty International and Human Rights Watch rarely criticize the guerrillas, but do find some evidence of anti-government bias. The quantitative human rights and conflict information produced by these organizations for other countries must be viewed with scepticism along with cross-country and time series human rights data based on Amnesty International reports.
Luminescent and Scintillating Properties of Lanthanum Fluoride Nanocrystals in Response to Gamma/Neutron Irradiation: Codoping with Ce Activator, Yb Wavelength Shifter, and Gd Neutron Captor
A novel concept for detection and spectroscopy of gamma rays, and detection
of thermal neutrons based on codoped lanthanum fluoride nanocrystals containing
gadolinium is presented.The trends of colloidal synthesis of the mentioned
material, LaF3 co-doped with Ce as the activator, Yb as the wavelength-shifter
and Gd as the neutron captor, is reported. Nanocrystals of the mentioned
material were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray
diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), optical
absorption, and photoluminescence spectroscopy. Gamma detection and its
potential spectroscopy feature have been confirmed. The neutron detection
capability has been confirmed by experiments performed using a 252Cf neutron
source.Comment: 5 figures, 16 page
Boussinesq Solitons as Propagators of Neural Signals
We consider certain approximation for determining the equation of motion for nerve signals by using the model of the lipid melting of membranes. The nerve pulses are found to display nonlinearity and dispersion during the melting transition. In this simplified model the nonlinear equation early proposed by Heimburg and coworkers transformed to the well known integrable Boussinesq non linear equation. Under specific values of the parametric space this system shows the existence of singular and regular soliton like structures. After their collisions the mutual creation and annihilation (each other) of nerve signals along the nerve, during their propagation, has been observed.Keywords: Boussinesq equation, singular solitons, single neurons, neural code
ShinyWYSIWYG: a Shiny What You See Is What You Get editor
For any computer application, having a graphical user interface (GUI) potentially increases its usability and scope. In the case of the R language, one of the most used alternatives is the Shiny [1] library.
Shiny is an R package that facilitates the creation of interactive web applications directly from R. However, using Shiny requires a certain level of knowledge of R programming. Looking at CRAN’s Task Views, it is easy to note that the R community brings together a variety of specialists in various fields such as biologists, agronomists, economists, among others.
It is therefore crucial that R development tools maximize the level of programmatic simplicity to ease the start of the learning ramp. In order to further facilitate the process of developing a user-friendly GUI, and tackling this learning gap, here we present the ShinyWYSIWYG application.
ShinyWYSIWYG is a visual editor that allows the user, using the drag and drop technique, inserting the various fields that Shiny provides as input and output, by selecting the desired size and position for each field.
Once the user interface is generated, ShinyWYSIWYG also eases the development of the server logic.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ
ShinyWYSIWYG: a Shiny What You See Is What You Get editor
For any computer application, having a graphical user interface (GUI) potentially increases its usability and scope. In the case of the R language, one of the most used alternatives is the Shiny [1] library.
Shiny is an R package that facilitates the creation of interactive web applications directly from R. However, using Shiny requires a certain level of knowledge of R programming. Looking at CRAN’s Task Views, it is easy to note that the R community brings together a variety of specialists in various fields such as biologists, agronomists, economists, among others.
It is therefore crucial that R development tools maximize the level of programmatic simplicity to ease the start of the learning ramp. In order to further facilitate the process of developing a user-friendly GUI, and tackling this learning gap, here we present the ShinyWYSIWYG application.
ShinyWYSIWYG is a visual editor that allows the user, using the drag and drop technique, inserting the various fields that Shiny provides as input and output, by selecting the desired size and position for each field.
Once the user interface is generated, ShinyWYSIWYG also eases the development of the server logic.Sociedad Argentina de Informática e Investigación Operativ
Learning from students' perception on professors through opinion mining
Students' perception of classes measured through their opinions on teaching
surveys allows to identify deficiencies and problems, both in the environment
and in the learning methodologies. The purpose of this paper is to study,
through sentiment analysis using natural language processing (NLP) and machine
learning (ML) techniques, those opinions in order to identify topics that are
relevant for students, as well as predicting the associated sentiment via
polarity analysis. As a result, it is implemented, trained and tested two
algorithms to predict the associated sentiment as well as the relevant topics
of such opinions. The combination of both approaches then becomes useful to
identify specific properties of the students' opinions associated with each
sentiment label (positive, negative or neutral opinions) and topic.
Furthermore, we explore the possibility that students' perception surveys are
carried out without closed questions, relying on the information that students
can provide through open questions where they express their opinions about
their classes
Socialización e interés en la política en jóvenes de Chile
El objetivo del artículo es discutir la relación entre socialización
e interés por la política en jóvenes de Chile, desde las teorías de la socialización y la cultura política, que sostienen que las orientaciones de los individuos son adquiridas mediante procesos de
relaciones con otros y con instituciones, de forma recíproca. A partir de la Encuesta Metropolitana de Comportamiento Político Juvenil (2012) aplicada a residentes -entre 18 y 25 años- del Gran Santiago, y a través de modelos de regresión logística, se verifica que el principal factor explicativo del interés por la política es informarse de esta temática con los amigos y amigas, destacando así la relevancia del contexto socializador.1. Introducción, -2. Cultura y socialización política. -3. Metodología. -4. Resultados. -5.Discusión. - Lista de referencias
Differences between Atrial Fibrillation Detected before and after Stroke and TIA: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis
Background: Preliminary evidence suggests that patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) detected after stroke (AFDAS) may have a lower prevalence of cardiovascular comorbidities and lower risk of stroke recurrence than AF known before stroke (KAF). Objective: We performed a systematic search and meta-analysis to compare the characteristics of AFDAS and KAF. Methods: We searched PubMed, Scopus, and EMBASE for articles reporting differences between AFDAS and KAF until June 30, 2021. We performed random- or fixed-effects meta-analyses to evaluate differences between AFDAS and KAF in demographic factors, vascular risk factors, prevalent vascular comorbidities, structural heart disease, stroke severity, insular cortex involvement, stroke recurrence, and death. Results: In 21 studies including 22,566 patients with ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack, the prevalence of coronary artery disease, congestive heart failure, prior myocardial infarction, and a history of cerebrovascular events was significantly lower in AFDAS than KAF. Left atrial size was smaller, and left ventricular ejection fraction was higher in AFDAS than KAF. The risk of recurrent stroke was 26% lower in AFDAS than in KAF. There were no differences in age, sex, stroke severity, or death rates between AFDAS and KAF. There were not enough studies to report differences in insular cortex involvement between AF types. Conclusions: We found significant differences in the prevalence of vascular comorbidities, structural heart disease, and stroke recurrence rates between AFDAS and KAF, suggesting that they constitute different clinical entities within the AF spectrum. PROSPERO registration number is CRD42020202622
Huella hídrica: Una herramienta eficaz para el desafío de la sostenibilidad del agua
(Eng) Water is an indispensable liquid for subsisting as for the development of society. However, currently the availability
of water refers to the world community, at the same time, to the physi
cal and economic problems of the resource,
reason why it is necessary that this resource has an efficient management of the way to satisfy the current needs,
without compromising its use in the future. This article will present a conceptual analysis of the
dynamics of the
resource with the emphasis on scarcity, and the importance of integral management, around an indicator such as the
water footprint, the view as an effective tool for decision making(Spa) El agua es un líquido indispensable tanto para subsistir como para el desarrollo de la sociedad. No obstante, actualmente la disponibilidad de agua preocupa a la comunidad mundial por la intensa aparición de escenarios de escasez física y económica del recurso. Razón por la cual, es necesario que este recurso tenga una gestión eficiente, de tal manera que satisfaga las necesidades actuales, sin comprometer su uso en el futuro. Este artículo, presentará un análisis conceptual de la dinámica del recurso con énfasis en la escasez, y la importancia de la gestión integral, alrededor de un indicador como la huella hídrica, vista como una herramienta eficaz para la toma de decisiones
Modeling of the Influence of Operational Parameters on Tire Lateral Dynamics
Tires play a critical role in vehicle safety. Proper modeling of tire–road interaction is essential for optimal performance of active safety systems. This work studies the influence of temperature, longitudinal vehicle speed, steering frequency, vertical load, and inflation pressure on lateral tire dynamics. To this end, a tire test bench that allows the accurate control of these parameters and the measurement of the variables of interest was used. The obtained results made it possible to propose a simple model that allowed the determination of relaxation length as a function of tire vertical load and vehicle linear speed, and the determination of a representative tread temperature. Additionally, a model has been proposed to determine the lateral friction coefficient from the aforementioned temperature. Finally, results also showed that some variables had little influence on the parameters that characterize lateral dynamicsThis work is partly supported partly by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation under grant PID2019-105572RB-I00, partly by the Economy, Knowledge, Enterprise and Universities Council of the Andalusian Regional Government under grant UMA18-FEDERJA-109, partly by the Spanish Ministry of Education, Culture and Sport under grant FPU18/00450, and partly by the University of Malaga.Partial funding for open access charge: Universidad de Málag
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