Migration et violence

Les migrants et les requérants s'asile qui ont survécu à des violences ou à des tortures ont expérimenté des traumatismes physiques et psychologiques qui ont laissé des traces, des plaies béantes. Une fois arrivés dans le pays d'accueil, la violence dont ils ont été l'objet ne s'arrête pas nécessairement, car l'immigration peut générer elle-même de nouvelles formes de violence qui s'adressent à des sujets rendus au départ vulnérables par leurs expériences. En effet, quand les migrants et les requérants d'asile arrivent dans le pays d'accueil, ils se heurtent souvent à une très faible tolérance de la part des population autochtones, à des contrôles policiers et administratifs, à une incertitude permanente quant au bon droit de trouver chez nous protection et sécurité. Le soignant, lorsqu'il prend en charge ces victimes de violence dans un réseau multidisciplinaire de soins, peut panser, en partie, ces plaies et ainsi leur redonner une certaine dignité. [Auteurs]]]> Emigration and Immigration ; Transients and Migrants ; Violence fre oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_562D08AFA101 2022-05-07T01:18:12Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_562D08AFA101 Das „Gesicht der Zeit“ und seine feuilletonistischen Facetten : Zur Physiognomik der „kleinen Form“ nach 1900 https://www.rombach-verlag.de/buecher/wissenschaft/rombach/buch/details/physiognomisches-schreiben.html Utz, Peter info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart incollection 2016 Physiognomisches Schreiben : Stilistik, Rhetorik und Poetik einer gestaltdeutenden Kulturtechnik, pp. 47-66 von Arburg, Hans-Georg (ed.) Tremp, Benedikt (ed.) Zimmermann, Elias (ed.) info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/isbn/978-3-7930-9856-0 ger oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_562D42148454 2022-05-07T01:18:12Z openaire documents urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_562D42148454 Getting Nervous: An Evolutionary Overhaul for Communication. info:doi:10.1146/annurev-genet-120116-024648 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1146/annurev-genet-120116-024648 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/28934592 Varoqueaux, F. Fasshauer, D. info:eu-repo/semantics/review article 2017-11-27 Annual review of genetics, vol. 51, pp. 455-476 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/1545-2948 urn:issn:0066-4197 <![CDATA[The evolution of a nervous system as a control system of the body's functions is a key innovation of animals. Its fundamental units are neurons, highly specialized cells dedicated to fast cell-cell communication. Neurons pass signals to other neurons, muscle cells, or gland cells at specialized junctions, the synapses, where transmitters are released from vesicles in a Ca &lt;sup&gt;2+&lt;/sup&gt; -dependent fashion to activate receptors in the membrane of the target cell. Reconstructing the origins of neuronal communication out of a more simple process remains a central challenge in biology. Recent genomic comparisons have revealed that all animals, including the nerveless poriferans and placozoans, share a basic set of genes for neuronal communication. This suggests that the first animal, the Urmetazoan, was already endowed with neurosecretory cells that probably started to connect into neuronal networks soon afterward. Here, we discuss scenarios for this pivotal transition in animal evolution

L'expérience intersubjective de la maladie chronique : ces maladies qui tiennent une famille en haleine...

[Table des matières] 1.1. Le problème du choix d'un paradigme en médecine. 1.2. Setting et méthodologie de l'étude. 2. Première situation : Héléna Brahms. 2.1. Situation médicale. 2.2. Face à la maladie. 2.3. Résultats du test de Szondi. 2.4. L'histoire de la famille. 2.5. La formation du couple. 2.6. La maladie : son irruption et ses conséquences. 3. Deuxième situation : un couple de malades - la famille Pergolès. 3.1. Situation médicale. 3.2. Face à la maladie. 3.3. L'histoire de la famille. 3.4.Résultats du test de Szondi. 3.5. Les maladies dans le couple. 3.6. Le style de communication et l'éthique des échanges dans la famille. 3.7. L'évolution de la famille durant l'intervention. 4. Troisième situation : Jérémie Poulenc. 4.1. Situation médicale. 4.2. Cadre de l'intervention. 4.3. La gestion de la maladie par le patient. 4.4. Le rapport au diagnostic, au traitement, au pronostic. 4.5. Le style de communication de la famille. 4.6. La survenue de l'invalidité. 4.7. Le climat familial actuel et l'horizon d'avenir. 5. Quatrième situation : Andreas Schoek. 5.1. Situation médicale. 5.2. Face à la maladie. 5.3. Le rapport au système de soins. 5.4. La maladie dans la famille. 6. Cinquième situation : Madeleine Fauré. 6.1. Situation médicale. 6.2. Contexte de l'intervention. 6.3. Définition du problème par la patiente, par les différents membres de la famille. 6.4. Attentes et évolution dans la compréhension du problème. 6.5 L'histoire de Madeleine et de Jean Fauré dans leur famille d'origine. 6.6. L'histoire du couple. 6.7. L'arrivée du premier enfant. 6.8. La formation d'une relation conjugale triangulaire. 6.9. Les aventures financières du mari et l'oppression croissante de l'épouse. 7. Sixième situation : Charlotte Offenbach. 7.1. Situation médicale. 7.2. Situation familiale. 7.3. Le mariage. 7. 4. La maladie dans la famille. 7.5. Rapport au système de soins. 7.6. Perspective du médecin traitant. 8. Synthèse. 8.1. Variables biologiques à retentissement psychosocial significatif. 8.2. L'expérience pathique de la maladie. 8.3. L'histoire des familles

L'adaptation au risque VIH/sida chez les couples homosexuels: version abrégée

[Table des matières] I. Introdution. 1. Objectifs de la recherche. 2. Hypothèse de la recherche. II. Méthodologie. 1. Méthodes d'observation. 2. Instruments de récolte des données. 3. Collectif. III. Résultats. 1. Résultats des interviews et des tests FAST. 2. Synthèse du test FAST. 3. Stratégies de protection contre le VIH dans les couples. 4. Usage du préservatif à l'intérieur du couple et à l'extérieur du couple. 5. Fidélité des deux partenaires, pas d'usage du préservatif entre eux. 6. Usage du préservatif à l'intérieur du couple pendant une longue durée puis abandon, pas de fidélité, accords concernant les partenaires extérieurs. 7. Stratégie mal appliquée ou discordance dans la déclaration. 8. Conclusions générales sur les stratégies de protection contre le VIH. 9. Circonstances et moments de la vie de couple problématiques pour la prévention du sida. 10. La formation du couple. 11. Stratégies de protection contre le VIH dans les couples. 12. Usage du préservatif à l'intérieur du couple et à l'extérieur du couple. 13. Fidélité des deux partenaires, pas d'usage du préservatif entre eux. 14. Usage du préservatif à l'intérieur du couple pendant une longue durée puis abandon, pas de fidélité, accords concernant les partenaires extérieurs. 15. Stratégie mal appliquée ou discordance dans la déclaration. 16. Conclusions générales sur les stratégies de protection contre le VIH. 17. Circonstances et moments de la vie de couple problématiques pour la prévention du sida. 18. La formation du couple. 19. Préservatifs peu appréciés et/ou "le feu de l'action". 20. Les nouveaux partenaires extérieurs ou les incidents de protection avec les partenaires extérieurs, lorsque les préservatifs ne sont pas utilisés au sein du couple. IV. Recommandations. V. Annexes. 1. Grilles d'entretiens. 2. Actions entreprises pour contacter des couples. 3. Synthèse des interviews et des tests FAST. 4. Mise en relation de la prise de risque et des capacités de négociation des couples

Patient expectations at a multicultural out-patient clinic in Switzerland

Background. Recognizing patient expectation is considered as an important objective for primary care physicians. A number of studies suggest that failure to identify patient expectations can lead to patient dissatisfaction with care, lack of compliance and inappropriate use of medical resources. It has been suggested that identifying patient expectations in multicultural contexts can be especially challenging. Objectives. The aim of the study was to compare health care expectations of Swiss and immigrant patients attending the out-patient clinic of a Swiss university hospital and to assess physicians' ability to identify their patients' expectations. Methods. Over a 3-month period, all patients attending the out-patient clinic at a Swiss university hospital were requested to complete pre-consultation surveys. Their physicians were requested to complete post-consultation surveys. Outcome measures were patients' self-rated health, resort to prior home treatment, patients' expectations of the consultation, physicians' perception of their patients' expectations and agreement between patients and physicians. Results. We analysed 343 questionnaires completed by patients prior to their consultation (> 50% immigrants) and 333 questionnaires completed by their physicians after the consultation. Most expectations were shared by all patients. Physicians had inaccurate perceptions of their patients' expectations, regardless of patients' origin. Conclusions. Our study found no evidence that immigrant patients' expectations differed from those of Swiss patients, nor that physicians had more difficulty identifying expectations of immigrant patients. However, physicians in our study were generally poor at identifying patients' expectations, and therefore inter-group differences may be difficult to detect. Our results point to the need to strengthen physicians' general communication skills which should then serve as a foundation for more specific, cross-cultural communication trainin

Physician Response to "By-the-Way” Syndrome in Primary Care

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE: "By-the-way” syndrome, a new problem raised by the patient at an encounter's closure, is common, but little is known about how physicians respond when it occurs. We analyzed the content of the syndrome, predictors of its appearance, and the physician response. DESIGN/PARTICIPANTS: Cross-sectional study of 92 videotaped encounters in an academic primary care clinic. RESULTS: The syndrome occurred in 39.1% of observed encounters. Its major content was bio-psychosocial (39%), psychosocial (36%), or biomedical (25%), whereas physician responses were mostly biomedical (44%). The physician response was concordant with the patient's question in 61% of encounters if the content of the question was psychosocial, 21% if bio-psychosocial, and 78% if biomedical; 32% of physicians solicited the patient's agenda two times or more in the group without, versus 11% in the group with, the syndrome (P = 0.02). In 22% of the encounters, physicians did not give any answer to the patient's question, particularly (38.5%) if it was of psychosocial content. CONCLUSIONS: "By-the-way” syndrome is mainly bio-psychosocial or psychosocial in content, whereas the physician response is usually biomedical. Asking about the patient's agenda twice or more during the office visit might decrease the appearance of this syndrom

A plant-derived wound therapeutic for cost-effective treatment of post-surgical scalp wounds with exposed bone

BACKGROUND: To evaluate efficacy and cost-effectiveness of a plant-derived wound dressing (ONE), a mixture of hypericum oil (Hypericum perforatum L.) and neem oil (Azadirachta indica A. Juss.), in scalp wounds with exposed bone. PATIENTS AND METHODS: All patients with scalp wounds with exposed bone, following the excision of skin tumors, and treated with ONE in 2011 were included. Time of healing, wound size, area of exposed bone, ease of handling, pain, and complications were evaluated. Costs of dressings and nursing time were compared with those cited in literature for other treatment modalities. RESULTS: Fifteen consecutive patients with a mean age of 76.87 ± 10.3 years (59-90 years) were analyzed. The mean wound size was 10.9 ± 6.84 cm(2) (0.4-22.6 cm(2)) with 4.8 ± 5.9 cm(2) (0.3-20.7 cm(2)) of exposed bone. The time of complete healing by secondary intention was 8.1 (4-20) weeks. Rapid formation of granulation tissue was observed which after 4 weeks covered the entire exposed bone surface in 11 of 15 cases (73%). Dressing change was simple with no pain reported; no infections or other complications occurred. Using ONE for a mean healing time of 56.7 days resulted in mean costs of EUR 423.73, which is substantially lower than those published for fascia lata, negative pressure therapy, or collagen matrix followed by skin grafting (EUR 1,612.82, EUR 4,411.80 and EUR 1,503.72, respectively). CONCLUSION: This retrospective, non-controlled analysis supports ONE as a simple-to-use and safe treatment option for scalp wounds with exposed bone. Treatment costs compare favorably to those published for other treatment modalities

Violence in primary care: Prevalence and follow-up of victims

BACKGROUND: Primary care physicians underestimate the prevalence of domestic violence and community violence. Victims are therefore at risk of further episodes of violence, with psychological and physical consequences. We used an interview to assess the prevalence of domestic and community violence among Swiss natives and foreigners. In a follow-up study, we evaluated the consequences of the interview for the positive patients. METHODS: We evaluated the prevalence of violence by use of a questionnaire in an interview, in an academic general internal medicine clinic in Switzerland. In a follow-up, we evaluated the consequences of the interview for positive patients. The participants were 38 residents and 446 consecutive patients. Questionnaires were presented in the principal language spoken by our patients. They addressed sociodemographics, present and past violence, the security or lack of security felt by victims of violence, and the patients' own violence. Between 3 and 6 months after the first interview, we did a follow-up of all patients who had reported domestic violence in the last year. RESULTS: Of the 366 patients included in the study, 36 (9.8%) reported being victims of physical violence during the last year (physicians identified only 4 patients out of the 36), and 34/366 (9.3%) reported being victims of psychological violence. Domestic violence was responsible for 67.3% of the cases, and community violence for 21.8%. In 10.9% of the cases, both forms of violence were found. Of 29 patients who reported being victims of domestic violence, 22 were found in the follow-up. The frequency of violence had diminished (4/22) or the violence had ceased (17/22). CONCLUSION: The prevalence of violence is high; domestic violence is more frequent than community violence. There was no statistically significant difference between the Swiss and foreign patients' responses related to the rates of violence. Patients in a currently violent relationship stated that participating in the study helped them and that the violence decreased or ceased a few months later

Developing assessments for child exposure to intimate partner violence in Switzerland – A study of medico-legal reports in clinical settings

Purpose: Evidence to inform assessment of needs of children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV) in health settings is limited. A Swiss hospital-based medico-legal consultation for adult victims of violence also detects children’s exposure to IPV and refers cases to the Pediatrics Child Abuse and Neglect Team. Based on a conceptual ecological framework, this study examined the nature and circumstances of children’s exposure to IPV described in accounts collected by nurses in consultations with adult IPV victims. Methods: From 2011-2014, 438 parents (88% female) of 668 children aged 0 to 18 sought medico-legal care from the Violence Medical Unit in Lausanne Switzerland, following assaults by intimate partners (85% male). As part of the consultation, nurses completed a semi-structured questionnaire with victimized parents, recording their answers in the patient file. Victims’ statements about the abuse, their personal, family and social contexts, and their children’s exposure to IPV were analyzed. Descriptive statistics and qualitative thematic content analyses were conducted to identify, from the victimized parents’ accounts, elements useful to understand the nature and circumstances of children’s exposure and involvement during violent events. Results: Parent statements on specific violent events described children being present in 75% of the cases. Children were said to be exposed to, and responded to, severe physical violence, serious threats and insults, in the context of repeated assaults and coercive control. Families, especially mothers, were often coping with additional socio-economic vulnerabilities. Conclusions: Implications for further developing assessments of children living with IPV, especially in health settings were identified