Effects of using Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes L.) in the Diet of Swamp Buffaloes on Nutrient Digestibility, Rumen Environment, Purine Derivatives, and Nitrogen Retention

The present experiment aims to evaluate the effects of incremental levels of water hyacinth (WH) in Para grass (Brachiaria mutica) based on the diet on nutrient intake, digestibility, and nitrogen retention of growing swamp buffaloes. Four male buffaloes of 305 ± 8.40 kg were allocated in a 4x4 Latin square design. The treatments were 25, 50, 75, and 100% WH (DM basis), replacing the Para grass (PG) corresponding to WH25, WH50, WH75, and WH100 treatment. Urea-molasses cake was used to supply the dietary crude protein intake so that this was 210 g/100 kg live weight per day for all the treatments (DM basis). The results showed that although the dry matter (DM), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and metabolizable energy (ME) intake were not significantly different (P>0.05) among the treatments, these were numerically higher for the WH50 treatment. Especially in the daily ME intake (MJ/k g LW) was 39.1, 43.4, 41.7, and 39.9 for the WH25, WH50, WH75, and WH100 treatments, respectively. With 50% WH replacing PG in the diet, it gave potential for better nutrient digestibility, nitrogen retention, and daily weight gain in the present study. In conclusion, WH could be used to replace PG in buffalo diet up to 100%. At a level of 50% replacement of WH to PG in the buffalo, the diet was optimum based on the utilization of nutrients and energy of WH, lower feed cost, and environmental improvement

Difference of Gain and Loss on Currency Translation and Conversion

This article discusses the advantages and disadvantages of translation and conversion of currency. Foreign currency translation is the process of reporting financial information from one currency to another. Foreign currency transactions take place on the spot, forward, or swap markets. Currencies bought or sold on the spot generally have to be delivered as soon as possible, that is, within 2 working days. Foreign currency translation is carried out to prepare joint financial reports. Translation is simply a change in monetary units, just as a balance sheet expressed in British pounds is restated into its US dollar equivalent. No physical exchange takes place, and no related transaction occurs as if a conversion were made