Paid Leave in Private Industry Over the Past 20 Years

[Excerpt] Paid leave was the most prevalent employee benefit provided by employers in private industry throughout the United States in 2012. Eighty-four percent of private industry workers received vacation, holiday, or personal leave. Seventy-two percent of workers received both paid holidays and paid vacations, and 61 percent were covered by sick leave plans. For employers, the cost for providing these benefits to employees was $1.98 per hour worked, and these benefits made up 6.9 percent of total compensation. The eligibility for paid leave has undergone change over the past 20 years. While fewer workers enjoy paid vacations, employers are increasingly providing access to sick leave, personal leave, and family leave. Also, by comparison, the employer cost per employee hour worked for paid leave was$1.09 or 6.8 percent of total compensation in March 1992. This issue of BEYOND THE NUMBERS looks at the changes in employer costs and in different paid leave benefits for private industry workers over the past two decades. These benefits include paid leave for holidays, vacations, sick, personal, funeral, jury duty, military, and family

The Economic Determinants of Domestic Terrorism in the United States

This paper studies the economic determinants of domestic terrorism in the United States using a panel dataset of the fifty states and the District of Columbia from 1980 to 2005. The results suggest that individual economic wellbeing factors and predictive economic variables are significant economic determinants. However, economic variables are not major determinants of domestic terrorism

Associations between Gut Microbiota and Common Luminal Intestinal Parasites

This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Elsevier (Cell Press) via the DOI in this record.The development and integration of DNA-based methods in research and clinical microbiology laboratories have enabled standardised and comprehensive detection and differentiation of the microbes colonising our guts. For instance, the single-celled parasites Blastocystis and Dientamoeba appear to be much more common than previously thought, especially so in healthy individuals. While increasing evidence appears to suggest limited pathogenicity of these parasites, next-generation-sequencing-based studies have helped us to appreciate links between parasite colonisation and certain host phenotypical characteristics and gut microbial profiles. The fundamental question remains as to whether such parasites are merely indicators or active manipulators of gut microbiota structure and function. In this article, we collate existing evidence that these parasites are, at minimum, indicators of intestinal microbiota structure

Bestuur openbaar onderwijs: over 'afstand' en 'identiteit'

Het bestuur van het openbaar onderwijs kan door gemeenten op meerdere manieren op afstand worden gezet, maar bij welke bestuurlijke afstand is de identiteit van het openbaar onderwijs nu het meest gebaat? Deze vraag staat in dit artikel centraal. Het politieke klimaat eind jaren tachtig, begin jaren negentig in de vorige eeuw leidde tot een overheid die zich terugtrok op haar kerntaken en die andere actoren uitnodigde actief deel te nemen aan de vormgeving van de samenleving. Deze ontwikkeling raakte ook het onderwijs. Autonomievergroting, beleidsvrijheid en marktwerking deden hun intrede in de tot dusver sterk centraal geregisseerde onderwijssector. De nieuwe besturingsfilosofie zou de positie van zowel gemeente- als schoolbesturen aanzienlijk veranderen. Zo blijkt uit divers onderzoek1, dat steeds meer gemeenten sinds het verschijnen van de ‘brief (en geen nota)’ van de toenmalige staatssecretaris Wallage van 9 november 1992 zijn gaan overwegen de schoolbestuurlijke taken af te stoten

A memory like an elephant? The consistency of memory for emotional events.

The studies in this thesis concentrate on memory for an emotional event, with a specific focus on completeness, consistency and accuracy of emotional memories and their predictors. In doing so, both field and laboratory studies were conducted. The results show that overall, memory for emotional events is fairly complete and consistent over time. Still, the human memory is sometimes incomplete and prone to inaccuracies and inconsistencies. Maybe an elephant never forgets, people occasionally do! Emotional state, psychiatric status and psychological variables, with the exception of (peri) traumatic dissociation, did not have a strong influence on completeness, consistency and accuracy of memory for emotional events.LEI Universiteit LeidenFSW - Self-regulation models for health behavior and Psychopathology - Ou

The iron-sulfur cluster assembly genes iscS and iscU of Entamoeba histolytica were acquired by horizontal gene transfer

BACKGROUND: Iron-sulfur (FeS) proteins are present in all living organisms and play important roles in electron transport and metalloenzyme catalysis. The maturation of FeS proteins in eukaryotes is an essential function of mitochondria, but little is known about this process in amitochondriate eukaryotes. Here we report on the identification and analysis of two genes encoding critical FeS cluster (Isc) biosynthetic proteins from the amitochondriate human pathogen Entamoeba histolytica. RESULTS: E. histolytica IscU and IscS were found to contain all features considered essential for their biological activity, including amino acid residues involved in substrate and/or co-factor binding. The IscU protein differs significantly from other eukaryotic homologs and resembles the long type isoforms encountered in some bacteria. Phylogenetic analyses of E. histolytica IscS and IscU showed a close relationship with homologs from Helicobacter pylori and Campylobacter jejuni, to the exclusion of mitochondrial isoforms. CONCLUSIONS: The bacterial-type FeS cluster assembly genes of E. histolytica suggest their lateral acquisition from epsilon proteobacteria. This is a clear example of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) from eubacteria to unicellular eukaryotic organisms, a phenomenon known to contribute significantly to the evolution of eukaryotic genomes

Cross-language activation in bimodal bilinguals: Do mouthings affect the co-activation of speech during sign recognition?

Published online by Cambridge University Press: 28 January 2022The present study provides insight into cross-language activation in hearing bimodal bilinguals by (1) examining co-activation of spoken words during processing of signs by hearing bimodal bilingual users of Dutch (their L1) and Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT; late learners) and (2) investigating the contribution of mouthings to bimodal cross-language activation. NGT signs were presented with or without mouthings in two sign-picture verification experiments. In both experiments the phonological relation (unrelated, cohort overlap or final rhyme overlap) between the Dutch translation equivalents of the NGT signs and pictures was manipulated. Across both experiments, the results showed slower responses for sign-picture pairs with final rhyme overlap relative to phonologically unrelated sign-picture pairs, indicating co-activation of the spoken language during sign processing, but no significant effect for sign-picture pairs with cohort overlap in Dutch. In addition, co-activation was not affected by the presence or absence of mouthings