362 research outputs found

    Integrability of a conducting elastic rod in a magnetic field

    Full text link
    We consider the equilibrium equations for a conducting elastic rod placed in a uniform magnetic field, motivated by the problem of electrodynamic space tethers. When expressed in body coordinates the equations are found to sit in a hierarchy of non-canonical Hamiltonian systems involving an increasing number of vector fields. These systems, which include the classical Euler and Kirchhoff rods, are shown to be completely integrable in the case of a transversely isotropic rod; they are in fact generated by a Lax pair. For the magnetic rod this gives a physical interpretation to a previously proposed abstract nine-dimensional integrable system. We use the conserved quantities to reduce the equations to a four-dimensional canonical Hamiltonian system, allowing the geometry of the phase space to be investigated through Poincar\'e sections. In the special case where the force in the rod is aligned with the magnetic field the system turns out to be superintegrable, meaning that the phase space breaks down completely into periodic orbits, corresponding to straight twisted rods.Comment: 19 pages, 1 figur

    Design optimization of multibody systems by sequential approximation

    Get PDF
    Abstract. Design optimization of multibody systems is usually established by a direct coupling of multibody system analysis and mathematical programming algorithms. However, a direct coupling is hindered by the transient and computationally complex behavior of many multibody systems. In structural optimization often approximation concepts are used instead to interface numerical analysis and optimization. This paper shows that such an approach is valuable for the optimization of multibody systems as well. A design optimization tool has been developed for multibody systems that generates a sequence of approximate optimization problems. The approach is illustrated by three examples: an impact absorber, a slider-crank mechanism, and a stress-constrained four-bar mechanism. Furthermore, the consequences for an accurate and efficient accompanying design sensitivity analysis are discussed

    High-throughput synchrotron X-ray diffraction for combinatorial phase mapping

    Get PDF
    Discovery of new materials drives the deployment of new technologies. Complex technological requirements demand precisely tailored material functionalities, and materials scientists are driven to search for these new materials in compositionally complex and often non-equilibrium spaces containing three, four or more elements. The phase behavior of these high-order composition spaces is mostly unknown and unexplored. High-throughput methods can offer strategies for efficiently searching complex and multi-dimensional material genomes for these much needed new materials and can also suggest a processing pathway for synthesizing them. However, high-throughput structural characterization is still relatively under-developed for rapid material discovery. Here, a synchrotron X-ray diffraction and fluorescence experiment for rapid measurement of both X-ray powder patterns and compositions for an array of samples in a material library is presented. The experiment is capable of measuring more than 5000 samples per day, as demonstrated by the acquisition of high-quality powder patterns in a bismuth-vanadium-iron oxide composition library. A detailed discussion of the scattering geometry and its ability to be tailored for different material systems is provided, with specific attention given to the characterization of fiber textured thin films. The described prototype facility is capable of meeting the structural characterization needs for the first generation of high-throughput material genomic searches

    ABCB1 genotypes and haplotypes in patients with dementia and age-matched non-demented control patients

    Get PDF
    Amyloid Ξ² is an in vitro substrate for P-glycoprotein (P-gp), an efflux pump at the blood brain barrier (BBB). The Multi Drug Resistance (ABCB1) gene, encoding for P-gp, is highly polymorphic and this may result in a changed function of P-gp and may possibly interfere with the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. This study investigates to what extent ABCB1 Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs; C1236T in exon 12, G2677T/A in exon 21 and C3435T in exon 26) and inferred haplotypes exist in an elderly population and if these SNPs and haplotypes differ between patients with dementia and age-matched non-demented control patients. ABCB1 genotype, allele and haplotype frequencies were neither significantly different between patients with dementia and age-matched controls, nor between subgroups of different types of dementia nor age-matched controls. This study shows ABCB1 genotype frequencies to be comparable with described younger populations. To our knowledge this is the first study on ABCB1 genotypes in dementia. ABCB1 genotypes are presently not useful as a biomarker for dementia, as they were not significantly different between demented patients and age-matched control subjects

    Trajectories of long-term exposure to anticholinergic and sedative drugs: A latent class growth analysis

    Get PDF
    Introduction: A variety of drugs, which are frequently prescribed to older people, have anticholinergic and sedative effects whereby they may impair cognitive and physical function. Although substantial inter-individual variation in anticholinergic and sedative exposure has been documented, little is known about subpopulations with distinct trajectories of exposure. Methods: Data from the Longitudinal Aging Study Amsterdam (LASA), an ongoing Dutch population-based cohort study, collected over 20 years (1992-2012) at seven occasions, were analyzed. On each occasion, cumulative anticholinergic and sedative exposure was quantified with the Drug Burden Index, a linear additive pharmacological dose-response model. The most likely number of trajectories were empirically derived with Latent Class Growth Analysis using "Goodness of fit" statistics. Trajectories were then compared on physical and cognitive function. Results: A total of 763 participants completed all follow-ups (61% women; mean age 83, Β±6). "Goodness of fit" statistics (Bayesian In-formation Criterion = 22916, Bootstrapped Likelihood Ratio Test of 3 vs. 2 classes = 514.12

    ДинамичСскиС Ρ‚Π΅Π½Π΄Π΅Π½Ρ†ΠΈΠΈ Π² становлСнии ΠΏΡ€Π΅Π΄ΠΌΠ΅Ρ‚Π° лингвоэкологии

    Get PDF
    Экологизация всСх сфСр общСствСнной ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ ΠΈ самого Ρ‡Π΅Π»ΠΎΠ²Π΅ΠΊΠ° ΡˆΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠΊΠΎ обсуТдаСтся Π²ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠ°, Π° Ρ‚Π°ΠΊΠΆΠ΅ ΠΈ Π² области языка. Π’ΠΎ ΠΌΠ½ΠΎΠ³ΠΈΡ… Ρ€Π°Π±ΠΎΡ‚Π°Ρ… лингвистов экология языка опрСдСляСтся ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ Π½Π°ΡƒΠΊΠ° ΠΎ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ… ΠΌΠ΅ΠΆΠ΄Ρƒ языком ΠΈ Π΅Π³ΠΎ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ, Ρ‚Π°ΠΊ ΠΊΠ°ΠΊ язык сущСствуСт Π½Π΅ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ Π² сознании говорящих Π½Π° Π½Π΅ΠΌ ΠΈ Ρ„ΡƒΠ½ΠΊΡ†ΠΈΠΎΠ½ΠΈΡ€ΡƒΠ΅Ρ‚ Ρ‚ΠΎΠ»ΡŒΠΊΠΎ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈ Π²Π·Π°ΠΈΠΌΠΎΠΎΡ‚Π½ΠΎΡˆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΡΡ… с Π΄Ρ€ΡƒΠ³ΠΈΠΌΠΈ ΠΊΠΎΠΌΠΌΡƒΠ½ΠΈΠΊΠ°Π½Ρ‚Π°ΠΌΠΈ ΠΈ с ΠΈΡ… ΡΠΎΡ†ΠΈΠ°Π»ΡŒΠ½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΈ ΠΏΡ€ΠΈΡ€ΠΎΠ΄Π½Ρ‹ΠΌ ΠΎΠΊΡ€ΡƒΠΆΠ΅Π½ΠΈΠ΅ΠΌ. Π’ этом контСкстС понятиС «языковоС сознаниС» прСдставляСт собой ΡΠΏΠ΅Ρ†ΠΈΡ„ΠΈΡ‡Π΅ΡΠΊΡƒΡŽ ΠΊΠ°Ρ€Ρ‚ΠΈΠ½Ρƒ взаимосвязи ΠΊΡƒΠ»ΡŒΡ‚ΡƒΡ€Ρ‹ ΠΈ общСствСнной ΠΆΠΈΠ·Π½ΠΈ социума, которая опрСдСляСт Π΅Π³ΠΎ психологичСскоС своСобразиС ΠΈ спСцифичСскиС Ρ‡Π΅Ρ€Ρ‚Ρ‹ Π΄Π°Π½Π½ΠΎΠ³ΠΎ языка
    • …
    corecore