Análisis macroeconómico del mercado de trabajo

Fil: Salvador, Pablo F.. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias EconómicasFil: Valladares, María Victoria. Universidad Nacional de Cuyo. Facultad de Ciencias Económica

Contenido de Cadmio y Plomo en tejido de Hígado y Riñón en el Jote de Cabeza Colorada Cathartes aura (Linneo, 1758) de Chañaral, Desierto de Atacama, Chile

Indexación: Web of Science; ScieloThe Atacama region, Chile, presents one of the highest levels of mining exploitation of the country, which leads to high levels of contamination from mine tailings and other related environmental liabilities. One of the most complex situations occurred in the Chañaral city, north of Chile, where for over 50 years mine tailings were dumped on the coast, causing severe damage in the ecosystem. To evaluate the effects on terrestrial biota, we analyzed the concentration of cadmium and lead in tissues of Turkey Vulture (Cathartes aura). The results indicate that accumulation of cadmium in kidney was 10.31 μg/g (SD 8.00, range 0.27 to 20.73 μg/g) while in the liver was 5.24 μg/g (SD 8.00, range 0.49 to 19.70). There values are very high when compared to data for other birds with similar ecological role. In relation to the lead, concentration in liver was 0.86 μg/g (SD 2.03, range 0.15 - 7.90), while in kidney was 1.05 μg/g (DS 2.54, range 0.044 to 9.86), values considered within the normal range. It is interesting to analyze from the perspective of the availability of these metals in the mining tailings, where lead (1.57 to 21.2 μg/g) presented higher levels than cadmium (0.061 to 1.085 μg/g). The difference between organs may be related to the role of metallothionein. We discuss the role of Turkey Vulture as a bioindicator of environmental liabilities.La Región de Atacama, Chile, presenta uno de los mayores niveles de explotación minera del país, el cual a su vez genera altos niveles de contaminación por relaves mineros y otros pasivos ambientales relacionados. Una de las más complejas situaciones ocurrió en la ciudad de Chañaral, norte de Chile, donde fueron liberados relaves mineros a sus costas por sobre 50 años, causando graves daños en el ecosistema. Para evaluar los efectos en la biota terrestre, nosotros analizamos la concentración de Cadmio y Plomo en tejidos del Jote de Cabeza Colorada (Cathartes aura). Los resultados indican que la acumulación de Cadmio en el Riñón fue 10,31 μg/g (DS 8,00, rango 0,27 a 20,73 μg/g) mientras en el Hígado fue 5,24 μg/g (DS 8,00, rango 0,49 a 19,70). Estos valores son muy altos si se compara con datos de otras aves de similar rol ecológico. En relación al Plomo, la concentración en Hígado fue de 0,86 μg/g (DS 2,03, rango 0,15 a 7,90), mientras que en Riñón fue de 1,05 μg/g (DS 2,54, rango 0,044 a 9,86), valores considerados dentro del rango normal. Estos resultados son interesantes de analizar desde la perspectiva de la disponibilidad de estos metales en el relave minero, donde el Plomo (1,57 a 21,2 μg/g) presentó mayores niveles que el Cadmio (0,061 a 1,085 μg/g). La diferencia entre órganos puede ser relacionado al rol de las metalotioneinas. Discutimos el rol del Jote de Cabeza Colorada como bioindicador de contaminaciones ambientales.http://ref.scielo.org/86hcb

Poliartritis y leishmaniosis canina: Patogenia de la alteración articular : caso clínico

Uno de los signos clínicos a menudo observados en los perros con leishmaniosis es la presencia de cojeras, asociadas en muchos casos a poliartritis. la patogenia de estas alteraciones articulares no está del todo clara. Si bien la presencia del parásito en la articulación explicaría en muchos casos la alteración observada, debe tenerse también en cuenta el efecto patógeno que puede tener lugar a través del depósito de inmunocomplejos circulantes (ICC), que son frecuentes en esta enfermedad. En el presente artículo revisamos la bibliografía y comparamos nuestro caso con otros publicados, discutiendo sobre el posible origen de estas artropatías.Lameness, often associated with polyarthritis, is one of the most frequent clinical signs observed in dogs with leishmaniasis.The pathogenesis of these joint disturbances is not well known.Even the presence of the parasite in the joint sometimes may explain the observed alteration, the pathogenic effect triggered by the deposition of circulating immunocomplexes (CIC) that are afien produced in dogs with Cl, should also be considered.The present paper reviews the literature and compares our clinical case with others reported, thus, discussing the possible aetiology of these arthropathies

Harmonically Trapped Quantum Gases

We solve the problem of a Bose or Fermi gas in $d$-dimensions trapped by $\delta \leq d$ mutually perpendicular harmonic oscillator potentials. From the grand potential we derive their thermodynamic functions (internal energy, specific heat, etc.) as well as a generalized density of states. The Bose gas exhibits Bose-Einstein condensation at a nonzero critical temperature $T_{c}$ if and only if $d+\delta >2$, and a jump in the specific heat at $T_{c}$ if and only if $d+\delta >4$. Specific heats for both gas types precisely coincide as functions of temperature when $d+\delta =2$. The trapped system behaves like an ideal free quantum gas in $d+\delta$ dimensions. For $\delta =0$ we recover all known thermodynamic properties of ideal quantum gases in $d$ dimensions, while in 3D for $\delta =$ 1, 2 and 3 one simulates behavior reminiscent of quantum {\it wells, wires}and{\it dots}, respectively.Comment: 14 pages including 3 figures and 3 table

Caracterização química e granulométrica de solos da baixada maranhense.

A área de estudo corresponde aos campos flúvio-marinhos com risco de inundação e presença de solos hidromórficos da região conhecida com Baixada e Golfão Maranhenses. os solos dessa região, por apresentarem drenagem com alguns impedimento e condições favoráveis a inundação, ficam sujeitos aos processos de evaporação, o que associado a proximidade do mar, pode elevar as concentrações de sais solúveis e inviabilizar ao reduzir a produção. Foram coletadas 38 amostras de terra em 22 pontos com trado holandês a profundidades variáveis, normalmente de 0 a 20 e de 30 a 50 cm de profundidade. A análise da terra fina seca ao ar (TFSA) permitiu a determinação de atributos químicos e granulométricos dos solos. Na região predominam solos com argila de atividade alta, relativamente ácidos e com elevados teores de bases e também de hidrogênio e alumínio, ocorrendo solos com caráter alumínico. Os teores de magnésio são predominantes em relação aos de cálcio. Apesar dos elevado grau de floculação. predominam solos de textura argilosa, porém ocorrem solos de textura arenosa, média e siltosa. Na fração área predomina a areia fina. Foram verificadas várias correlações entre os atributos dos solos

Aplicación del análisis secuencial al estudio del texto escrito e ilustraciones de los libros de física y química de la ESO

There is enough evidence for the significant weight that textbooks have nowdays in the science classroom, as a knowledge source of and as a means for teaching. In this paper a tool --sequential analysis-- to search the teaching sequence of textbooks and the role of illustrations in such a sequence is described and applied. For that purpose a sample of Secondary level Physics and Chemistry textbooks was selected. The results lead to make clear the didactic profile of revised textbooks and their grouping in two classes, one connected with a more traditional conception on teaching-learning of Science and another connected with a more modern conception in relation with the Spanish Educational Reform

Modelling above-ground carbon dynamics using multi-temporal airborne lidar: Insights from a Mediterranean woodland

Abstract. Woodlands represent highly significant carbon sinks globally, though could lose this function under future climatic change. Effective large-scale monitoring of these woodlands has a critical role to play in mitigating for, and adapting to, climate change. Mediterranean woodlands have low carbon densities, but represent important global carbon stocks due to their extensiveness and are particularly vulnerable because the region is predicted to become much hotter and drier over the coming century. Airborne lidar is already recognized as an excellent approach for high-fidelity carbon mapping, but few studies have used multi-temporal lidar surveys to measure carbon fluxes in forests and none have worked with Mediterranean woodlands. We use a multi-temporal (5-year interval) airborne lidar data set for a region of central Spain to estimate above-ground biomass (AGB) and carbon dynamics in typical mixed broadleaved and/or coniferous Mediterranean woodlands. Field calibration of the lidar data enabled the generation of grid-based maps of AGB for 2006 and 2011, and the resulting AGB change was estimated. There was a close agreement between the lidar-based AGB growth estimate (1.22 Mg ha−1 yr−1) and those derived from two independent sources: the Spanish National Forest Inventory, and a tree-ring based analysis (1.19 and 1.13 Mg ha−1 yr−1, respectively). We parameterised a simple simulator of forest dynamics using the lidar carbon flux measurements, and used it to explore four scenarios of fire occurrence. Under undisturbed conditions (no fire) an accelerating accumulation of biomass and carbon is evident over the next 100 years with an average carbon sequestration rate of 1.95 Mg C ha−1 yr−1. This rate reduces by almost a third when fire probability is increased to 0.01 (fire return rate of 100 years), as has been predicted under climate change. Our work shows the power of multi-temporal lidar surveying to map woodland carbon fluxes and provide parameters for carbon dynamics models. Space deployment of lidar instruments in the near future could open the way for rolling out wide-scale forest carbon stock monitoring to inform management and governance responses to future environmental change.The authors would like to acknowledge the personnel of the Airborne Research and Survey Facility (NERC). We thank the MAGRAMA for granting access to the Spanish Forest Inventory. WS was funded by FunDivEurope and the Isaac Newton Trust. PRB was supported by The International Post doc Fellowship Programme in Plant Sciences (PLANT FELLOWS).This is the final version of the article. It first appeared from Copernicus via http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/bg-13-961-201

Uso de imagens de radar na estimativa da temperatura do ar.

O trabalho propõe um método para a estimativa da temperatura do ar baseado em um MDE construído a partir de dados do radar SRTM. Segundo os autores a estimativa de temperaturas medidas mensais e anuais do ar a partir de coordenadas geográficas e altitude foi pesquisada por diversos autores. Apesar do grande número de trabalhos, muitos estados brasileiros carecem de informações climatológicas de temperatura do ar, que poderiam ser geradas a partir de equações de estimativas associadas a modelos digitais de elevação (MDE)

Carbon stocks and plant species diversity in secondary forests along the Transamazon highway.

Land use planning should consider the value of maintaining secondary forests for biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration. In this study, we evaluated the biomass stocks and plant species diversity of secondary forests in ten small holdings along the Transamazon highway. The local peasants have been encouraged by the Government program Proambiente and other initiatives to preserve forest environmental services while planning land use/management practices in their properties. Each area was georeferenced and land cover was classified based on Landsat TM images. Land use histories were obtained from interviews with the farmers. We studied eleven secondary forest patches varying from 5 to 25 years since abandonment from agriculture. Each patch had three replicate plots. Three nested plots were established for each one of the 33 sampled areas - 10 x 10m (for trees), 3 x 3m (for saplings), and 1 x 1m (for herbs and seedlings). Aboveground biomass was estimated by: 1) general or species-specific models for the stems measured in diameter and height; 2) weigh of the dry mass for litter, herbs and small woody plants. Soil samples were collected at 0-30cm depth for biomass estimation. All plants, including trees, shrubs, vines and herbs were identified. Aboveground biomass varied from 22 to 247 Mg ha-1. Trees have contributed with 25-97% of the aboveground biomass. Saplings, herbs/seedlings and litter have contributed together with 2.6-75%. Soil biomass varied from 47 to 132 Mg ha-1. A total of 125 plant species were found. The most abundant woody species were Cecropia palmata, Guazuma ulmifolia, Banara guianensis, Apeiba echinata and Zanthoxylum rhoifolia. Total species richness varied from 4 to 12 per 100m2 at forests 10 years old. Simpson?s diversity index for forests > 10 years old varied from 0.18-0.75 against 0.75-1.00 for older forests