ARCHITECTURAL MODELLING OF “SOUND” PERGOLA

The article describes architectural solutions of pergolas adapted for the reproduction of synthesized acoustic space. The solution is represented by means of computer modelling and visualizes both processes and ob-jects on the example of construction and calculations. The project design of architectural models is an integral part in the practical reconstruction of the geospatial space studied by the architectural geography

NATURE SIMILAR TECHNOLOGIES IN CONSTRUCTION INDUSTRY

In modern conditions it is necessary to create high-tech, reliable and durable composites of a new generation with the required properties, and this requires qualitatively new approaches in the design, synthesis, operation, destruction and reuse of sources, that is based on the introduction of fundamentally new nature-similiar technologies. The great interest not only in Russia, but also abroad, present additive technologies. The article proposes the technology of using water-resistant and cold-resistant quick-hardening composite on the basis of gypsum binders of a new generation with finely ground mineral additives of different genetic types, in-cluding using a new unique type of mineral additives - waste from the magnetic separation of ferruginous quartzite. бионика, геоника (геомиметика), 3D-технологии, аддитивные технологии, композиционные гипсовые вяжущие, минеральная добавка, строительные композит

Self-Healing Construction Materials: The Geomimetic Approach

A person spends most of his life in rooms built from various building materials; therefore, the optimization of the human environment is an important and complex task that requires interdisciplinary approaches. Within the framework of the new theory of geomimetics in the building science of materials, the concepts of technogenic metasomatism, the affinity of microstructures, and the possibilities of creating composites that respond to operational loads and can self-heal defects have been created. The article aims to introduce the basic principles of the science of geomimetics in terms of the design and synthesis of building materials. The study’s novelty lies in the concept of technogenic metasomatism and the affinity of microstructures developed by the authors. Novel technologies have been proposed to produce a wide range of composite binders (including waterproof and frost-resistant gypsum binders) using novel forms of source materials with high free internal energy. The affinity microstructures for anisotropic materials have been formulated, which involves the design of multilayered composites and the repair of compounds at three levels (nano-, micro-, macro-). The proposed theory of technogenic metasomatism in the building science of materials represents an evolutionary stage for composites that are categorized by their adaptation to evolving circumstances in the operation of buildings and structures. Materials for three-dimensional additive technologies in construction are proposed, and examples of these can be found in nature. Different ways of applying our concept for the design of building materials in future works are proposed

GEONICS (GEOMIMETICS) AS A TRANS-DISCIPLINARY RESEARCH DIRECTION

The paper is devoted to a new transGdisciplinary research direction - geonics (geomimetics). As distinct from biomimetics, this new discipline studies the basic principles of the development of inorganic world in order to optimize the system “man - material - environment”. The article asserts that geonics must become the foundation for material scienceof the future

Торкрет-бетоны и инъекционные растворы для комплексного ремонта подземных сооружений

Даны теоретические основы повышения эффективности торкрет-бетонов и инъекционных растворов на ком­позиционном цементе (КЦ), заключающиеся в создании высокоплотной упаковки гидратных новообразований с ударопрочной структурой за счёт применения новых нетрадиционных сырьевых компонентов (алюмосиликатов, полученных по разработанной технологии). В результате доказан рост ранней прочности при сжатии торкрет-бетонов от применения КЦ на 62%, при изгибе - 90%, а коэффициента ударной вязкости - на 80%; при этом достигнута марка по водонепроницаемости W16. Разработаны научно обоснованные способы управления структурообразованием малопористого цементного материала с упрочнением контактной зоны между старым и новым бетонными слоями за счёт подбора компонентов в рациональной пропорции и гранулометрии, что позволяет создать слой торкрет-бетона аналогичный базовой матрице усиляемой стены. Разработана широкая номенклатура инъекционных растворов из композиционных цементов, измельчённых до удельной поверхности 450 м2/кг [1].   [1] Исследование выполнено за счёт средств государственной фундаментальных научных исследований Российской Федерации на долгосрочный период (2021-2030 годы) в рамках Плана фундаментальных научных исследований РААСН и Минстроя России на 2023 год, тема № 3.1.2.8 «Разработка теоретических и технологических основ полу­чения дорожных и аэродромных бетонных покрытий повышенной долговечности с добавками гидротермального нанокремнезема вулканогенного происхождения»

Improvement of Performances of the Gypsum-Cement Fiber Reinforced Composite (GCFRC)

The novelty of this paper lies in the identification of the scientific patterns of the influence of thermal power plant waste (TPPW) on the hydration mechanism and the structure of the gypsum-cement binder (GCB). The classification of raw materials for the production of GCB has been developed taking into account the genesis, which contributes to the prediction of the properties of composites. The features of the hydration phase formation and hardening of GCB have been studied taking into account the chemical, structural and morphological features of fly ash and slag. In addition, the microstructural, morphological, and thermal properties of the cured binders at a 28 day cure were determined. For the first time, scientific data on the properties of gypsum-cement fiber-reinforced composite using TPPW and microfiber have been obtained. The results show that the synergistic effect of gypsum-cement binder, TPPW, and polyamide or basalt microfiber improves the physicomechanical properties of a 28 day cured binder: compressive strength of 20 MPa, flexural strength of 8.9 MPa, and softening coefficient 0.87

Granular Aggregates Based on Finely Dispersed Substandard Raw Materials

It is necessary to solve the ecological problems of regions where there is large-tonnage storage of various finely dispersed materials, including technogenic ones. This article presents the results of an investigation into the possible use of substandard dispersed quartz sands to obtain effective granular aggregates, with the purpose of putting them to use in mortars and concrete. The study used standard and original experimental research methods related to the analysis and preparation of raw materials, technological tests, and the study of the properties of finished composites. Investigations were carried out to obtain composite binders in the component composition of which the use of different ratios of Portland cement and substandard quartz sands prepared in a vortex jet mill was envisaged. It was found that the obtained composite binders had high physical and mechanical characteristics, which was due to the high specific surface area and hydration activity. On the basis of composite binders and finely dispersed quartz sands (fineness from ≤0.16 mm to 1 mm), the granulation of mixtures of 36 types of component compositions was performed. The developed compositions of granular aggregates (GAs) showed the possibility of obtaining them with sufficiently high strength values in cement stone. The studies carried out make it possible to recommend finely dispersed substandard and technogenic materials for the production of GAs, which would ensure the economy of binding materials as well as contribute to the reuse of large-tonnage waste of ferrous and nonferrous metallurgy and the chemical and mining industries

Nanostructured Wood Mineral Composite

AbstractResearches aim to significantly increase the operational properties of the wood materials without compromising on their environmental significance. The possibility of implementing a fundamentally new approach involving filling the free space in the wood fiber structure with such mineral filler particles as nanosized basalt is shown. The research focuses on solving problems concerned with the optimal quantitative ratio selection for the fine mineral components of wood composite, working out the mineral reinforced material prototypes and testing their hydrophysical and fire-technical properties. The proposed method of highly dispersed wood material reinforcing with basalt nanoparticles allows getting highly water- and heat-resistant as well as eco-friendly raw materials. The composite reinforced with wood fiber is characterized by the decreased level of water absorption values and the significantly reduced smoke emission coefficient

3D-Printed Mortars with Combined Steel and Polypropylene Fibers

Fibers of various origins are of great importance for the manufacture of new generation cement composites. The use of modified composite binders allows these highly efficient building materials to be used for 3D-printing of structures for various functional purposes. In this article, changes in building codes are proposed, in particular, the concept of the rheological technological index (RTI) mixtures is introduced, the hardware and method for determining which will reproduce the key features of real processes. An instrument was developed to determine a RTI value. The mixes based on composite binders and combined steel and polypropylene fibers were created. The optimally designed composition made it possible to obtain composites with a compressive strength of 93 MPa and a tensile strength of 11 MPa. At the same time, improved durability characteristics were achieved, such as water absorption of 2.5% and the F300 frost resistance grade. The obtained fine-grained fiber-reinforced concrete composite is characterized by high adhesion strength of the fiber with the cement paste. The microstructure of the developed composite, and especially the interfacial transition zone, has a denser structure compared to traditional concrete. The obtained materials, due to their high strength characteristics due to the use of a composite binder and combined fiber, can be recommended for use in high-rise construction