Gender Inequality in Corporate Sector and Rights of Women in India: Challenges Ahead

No country can progress if half of its population is behind – socially, economically and politically. Gender-inequality denotes any unequal treatment based on gender and refers to a situation wherein a person is denied opportunity solely on the basis of their gender. Women tend to face more difficulties to progress in their careers, to be paid less, and to be concentrated in fewer jobs than men. The aim of this paper is to present the Indian circumstances regarding gender disparities in corporate sector. How far our laws are gender sensitized and compatible for practicing gender equality in India as required in International and national laws. To achieve this aim this research is focused on concept of gender justice and highlights gender-based discrimination, violence, atrocities and crime against women in India also

A Confession for Concession of Conviction without Trial ‘Plea Bargaining’: A Legal Analysis

Excessive delay in justice will affect the creditability and reliability of the judiciary. Under the traditional form of criminal adjudication, an impartial adjudicator, after a formal adversarial trial, determines guilt and imposes a penalty appropriate for the offender from the range prescribed by legislation. Plea Bargaining is such an alternative ‘deal’ available which settle a criminal dispute without putting up the accused for a formal trial. This research aims to explore the origin and concept of ‘plea bargaining’ a divergence from traditional model, available under the Indian legal system and the present status of the remedy in India, post the criminal Law Amendment Act 2005. It will explore its application in United States and England. Further it discusses some ethical and legal issues for a better implementation of the provisions in question. No doubt efficiency and speedy disposal of cases are important and desirable goals. The question that is considered in this note is whether they are worth the perceived costs of plea bargaining. To this end, an attempt is made to examine whether there is any inherent impropriety in the system of plea negotiation. The research concludes that the provisions in chapter XXIA has been implemented in an extremely cautious manner

Surrogate Motherhood in India: A Legal Analysis

The surrogacy is a method of procreation of children that is extra marital. The aim of surrogacy is progeny rather than sexual pleasure or sexual satisfaction. That is why this procedural technology could not be termed as prostitution. Surrogacy is a method of assisted reproduction whereby a woman agrees to become pregnant for giving birth to a child for others to nourish. She may be the child's genetic mother or she may be implanted with an unrelated embryo. Indian surrogate mothers come of one third of the cost compared to the US. As the cost is economical in comparison to other countries, foreign couples are traversed to India for outsourcing womb. This research is trying to discover the legal and moral issues with a slide touch of transnational border issues. The primary concern in surrogacy cases is the plight of woman who agrees to act as surrogate mother. Mostly such women are poor and belong to marginalised sections of society who easily agree to act as surrogate mother for monetary reasons. To protect such women and also to address  certain legal as well as moral issues concerning surrogacy, it is necessary to regulate commercial functioning of fertility clinics as well as service provider agencies to ensure that the services provided are ethical and medical, social and legal rights of all concerned are protected. There is also needed a strong legal framework to protect identity, legitimacy, succession, human and fundamental rights of an unborn person

Euthanasia: A Wrong or a Human Right to Death

Whatever a human born with is considered ones human right, which is inherent and indivisible. Certainly the most precious right to life is the mother of all rights. The words "Right to death" evoke an exactly opposite sentiment. How can it be a right if you are using it to give up your rights? The above right has been used as an excuse or a smokescreen to include various concepts that are opposed to defense of life. Euthanasia/ Mercy killing /Physician Assisted Suicide (PAS), the species of the same genre are about giving license for the right to kill. This research is trying to explore the evolution of the concept of euthanasia and its legality in light of the mandate of article 21 of the Indian Constitution. It will briefly touch the different synonymic acts of mercy killing also for explaining its assessment or unavoidability in Indian socio-legal system

Asymmetric diffusion at the interfaces in multilayers

Nanoscale diffusion at the interfaces in multilayers plays a vital role in controlling their physical properties for a variety of applications. In the present work depth-dependent interdiffusion in a Si/Fe/Si trilayer has been studied with sub-nanometer depth resolution, using x ray standing waves. High depth-selectivity of the present technique allows one to measure diffusion at the two interfaces of Fe namely, Fe-on-Si and Si-on-Fe, independently, yielding an intriguing result that Fe diffusivity at the two interfaces is not symmetric. It is faster at the Fe-on-Si interface. While the values of activation energy at the two interfaces are comparable, the main difference is found in the pre-exponent factor suggesting different mechanisms of diffusion at the two interfaces. This apparently counter-intuitive result has been understood in terms of an asymmetric structure of the interfaces as revealed by depth selective conversion electron Mossbauer spectroscopy. A difference in the surface free energies of Fe and Si can lead to such differences in the structure of the two interfaces.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figure

Effect of elective cerclage versus rescue cerclage in pregnancy and its pregnancy outcome

Prolongation of the pregnancy in cases of incompetence of cervix or short cervix can be done by prompt diagnosis at the correct time with a decision on encirclage taken at the right time. An observational retrospective study conducted over a period of 6 months in a tertiary care centre enrolling 14 pregnant women who had various risk factors like multiple gestation, short cervix, cervical incompetence, bad obstetric history, anomalous uterus, in vitro fertilization technique, history of primary infertility ,recurrent abortions and mid-trimester losses or preterm delivery, and the results were interpreted with various tables and charts showing the benefits of elective versus emergency encirclage. Through the study, it was found that there wasn't any significant difference in the incidence of a patient who underwent cervical encirclage whether the patient had a prior antenatal registration or not. 71% of the patients enrolled for encirclage were primigravida and the most common gestation age was between 12-24 weeks. The most common age group was 21-30 years of age. Cervical incompetence and short cervix were the most important risk factor needed for cervical cerclage. Most of the patients delivered at around 34-37 weeks of gestation. 21.4% patient underwent rescue cerclage and delivered between 34-37 weeks of gestation. 57.14% underwent elective cerclage and delivered near term. Elective cerclage has a better outcome of pregnancy to reach near term than rescue cerclage.