Hans H.MaurerKarlPflegerArmin A.WeberMass Spectral and GC Data of Drugs, Poisons, Pesticides, Pollutants and Their Metabolites, Volume 1: Methods and Tables; Volume 2: Mass Spectra, 3rd Revised and Enlarged Edition2007Wiley–VCHBoschstrasse 12 Weinheim D-69469, GermanyISBN 3527315381 Copyright ©; Hardcover, $920.00 US, 1452 pp.

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Cardiovascular manifestations in hyperthyroidism

Background: It is well known that thyroid hormone directly affects the heart and peripheral vascular system. In hyperthyroidism, cardiovascular manifestations are frequent findings. Atrial arrhythmias, limitations in exercise tolerance, and congestive heart failure were reported to occur more common in older patients as a result of hyperthyroidism. Cardiovascular signs of hyperthyroidism include tachycardia, widened pulse pressure, marked increase in cardiac output with impaired cardiovascular and respiratory exercise capacity. Most of the cardiac abnormalities return to normal once a euthyroid state has been achieved in a majority of patients. There are very few studies which address the most important cardiovascular manifestations of hyperthyroidism particularly in Indian population. Hence this study is aimed at addressing this area. The aim was to study the prevalence of various cardiac manifestations in overt and subclinical hyperthyroidism.Methods: 50 patients of hyperthyroidism who visited general medicine department of Sri Ramachandra Medical College, Chennai, India was included in the study. Patients with other co-morbidities which could contribute to cardiovascular manifestations were excluded from the study. All the patients underwent clinical evaluation, basic laboratory tests like CBC, RFT, LFT, serum electrolytes, fasting lipid profile (which included serum triglycerides, LDL, HDL, total cholesterol), FT4, FT3 and TSH and radiological variables were studied in these patients.           ECG and 2D ECHO were performed in these patients to analyze the presence of any cardiac manifestations in these patients..Results: In this study females (60%) were more than males (40%), commonest cardio vascular symptoms were palpitation (78%), followed by dyspnoea (26%) and chest pain (4%). The commonest cardio vascular signs were found to be tachycardia (82%), widened pulse pressure (50%) and pedal edema (12%). The commonest ECG finding was found to be Sinus tachycardia (46%) followed by atrial fibrillation (28%), Non-Specific ST-T changes, left ventricular hypertrophy, RV hypertrophy and RBBB. Systolic dysfunction and chamber enlargement (18%) were the commonest echo findings.Conclusions: This study shows that cardiovascular manifestations are quite common and varied in hyperthyroidism which are to be looked for in the management.

Differential Expression of Pancreatic Protein and Chemosensing Receptor mRNAs in NKCC1-null Intestine

AIM: To investigate the intestinal functions of the NKCC1 Na+-K+-2Cl cotransporter (SLC12a2 gene), differential mRNA expression changes in NKCC1-null intestine were analyzed. METHODS: Microarray analysis of mRNA from intestines of adult wild-type mice and gene-targeted NKCC1-null mice (n = 6 of each genotype) was performed to identify patterns of differential gene expression changes. Differential expression patterns were further examined by Gene Ontology analysis using the online Gorilla program, and expression changes of selected genes were verified using northern blot analysis and quantitative real time-polymerase chain reaction. Histological staining and immunofluorescence were performed to identify cell types in which upregulated pancreatic digestive enzymes were expressed. RESULTS: Genes typically associated with pancreatic function were upregulated. These included lipase, amylase, elastase, and serine proteases indicative of pancreatic exocrine function, as well as insulin and regenerating islet genes, representative of endocrine function. Northern blot analysis and immunohistochemistry showed that differential expression of exocrine pancreas mRNAs was specific to the duodenum and localized to a subset of goblet cells. In addition, a major pattern of changes involving differential expression of olfactory receptors that function in chemical sensing, as well as other chemosensing G-protein coupled receptors, was observed. These changes in chemosensory receptor expression may be related to the failure of intestinal function and dependency on parenteral nutrition observed in humans with SLC12a2 mutations. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that loss of NKCC1 affects not only secretion, but also goblet cell function and chemosensing of intestinal contents via G-protein coupled chemosensory receptors

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Chemical characteristics and source apportionment of aerosols over Indian Ocean during INDOEX-1999

During INDOEX IFP-99, the samples of aerosols were collected onboard ORV Sagar Kanya over Indian Ocean along the cruise track, for chemical characterization and identification of dominating sources of aerosols. The concentrations of nss-SO4, nss-Ca, nss-Mg, NO3, K, NH4 and SO2 were observed to be significantly higher before ITCZ in northern hemisphere than across ITCZ in southern hemisphere. In this study, variation of concentrations of nss-SO4, nss-Ca and nss-K with respect to change in latitude, wind direction, wind speed and relative humidity have been highlighted. North of ITCZ, nss-SO4 varied from 2.20 to 18.31 μg/m3 and south of ITCZ from 0.50 to 2.79 μg/m3 while nss-Ca varied from 0.02 to 0.72 μg/m3 north of ITCZ and from 0.01 to 0.14 μg/m3 south of ITCZ. nss-K ranged 0.09-1.43 μg/m3 and 0.07-0.60 μg/m3 before ITCZ and across ITCZ respectively. nss-Ca and nss-SO4 were contributed mainly by NNW and ENE winds while nss-K was observed to be contributed mainly by SSW and ENE winds. Wind speed greater than 4.5 m/s negatively influenced the concentration of nss-Ca concentrations. Correlation coefficients of nss-SO4 with SO2 (r = 0.7) and RH (r = 0.5) suggested a significant contribution of nss-SO4 by aqueous phase oxidation of SO2. Using PCA, four major sources namely sea salt, biogenic combustion, secondary SO4 and crustal contribution were identified over Indian Ocean during INDOEX period

Differential effects of cholesterol and 7-dehydrocholesterol on ligand binding of solubilized hippocampal serotonin<SUB>1A</SUB> receptors: implications in SLOS

The serotonin1A receptor is an important member of the G-protein coupled receptor family, and is involved in the generation and modulation of a variety of cognitive, behavioral, and developmental functions. Solubilization of the hippocampal serotonin1A receptor by 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate (CHAPS) is accompanied by loss of membrane cholesterol which results in a reduction in specific agonist binding activity. Replenishment of cholesterol to solubilized membranes restores the cholesterol content of the membrane and significantly enhances specific agonist binding activity. In order to test the stringency of the requirement of cholesterol in this process, we solubilized native hippocampal membranes followed by replenishment with 7-dehydrocholesterol (7-DHC). 7-DHC is an immediate biosynthetic precursor of cholesterol differing only in a double bond at the 7th position in its sterol ring. Our results show, for the first time, that replenishment of solubilized hippocampal membranes with 7-DHC does not restore ligand binding activity of the serotonin1A receptor, in spite of recovery of the overall membrane order. This observation shows that the requirement for restoration of ligand binding activity is more stringent than the requirement for the recovery of overall membrane order. These novel results have potential implications in understanding the interaction of membrane sterols with this important neuronal receptor under pathogenic conditions such as the Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome

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Penaeus semisulcatus: A potential species for commercial culture along Tamilnadu coast

Major portion of the marine export products By value wise, is being contributed by shrimps. Three fourth of exported shrimps is from sea and The rest from culture. Since the exploitation of Shrimps has already reached optimum level in Indian coastal waters, one alternative is to Increase shrimp entering shrimp culture for Quick and high returns. Farming technology for P.monodonand P.indicus has been considerably developed than that for the other species of Indiancoast. Prime species that are cultured successfullyat present in India are P.monodon . andP.indicus in the order of trade preference. But in Japanese market P.semisulcatus, a Striped shrimp is fetching higher price than P.indicus. Information on grow-out practices of P.semisulcatusis scanty. Experimental-scale cuRurehas been attempted in Kuwait, Israel, Bahrain,Taiwan, and Malaysia

Observations on the growth of Penaeus semisulcatus in the nursery ponds

Hatchery produced postlarvae (PL 40) of green tiger prawn Penaeus semisulcatus were stocked in three earthen ponds at a rate of 40,0001ha in one (400 sq.m) and 50,00O/ha, in two ponds (800 sq. m) in November 1993 and reared for 110 days. During February-March water level and salinity in the ponds were raised by pumping water (25% salinity) from adjacent lagoon. Pond water was fertilised with urea and Ammonium phosphate at a rate of 50 kgha and 100 kgha respectively, 15 days before stocking. Shrimps were fed with commercial pellet feed. The survival was 51.9%, 15.0% and 65.8% in pond I, I1 and 111 respectively. The length and weight increment was 68.42 mm and 7.95 g in pond I; 65.78 mm and 8.25 g in pond 11; and 53.14 mm and 4.85 g in pond 111. Difference in growth between sexes was statistically significant in all three ponds on day 110. Growth in pond III was poor as compared to other two ponds due to prevalence of low salinity (~12%) for a period of 48 days

Tagging experiments on searanched Penaeus indicus in the Palk Bay, southeast coast of India

An attempt has been made to study the suitability of hatchery raised and farm grown Penaeus indicus for searanching, and to study the growth and movement of ranched population in the Palk Bay and the Gulf of Mannar. The eggs released by a spawner without eyestalk ablation were raised upto juveniles through rearing in the hatchery, nursery cement tanks and in earthern ponds. The hatching rate and subsequent survival rate from nauplius-1 to PL-1 was 92.3 and 53.0 % respectively. Survival from PL-1 to PL-21 was 49.5 %. The seeds thus raised were stocked in two coastal earthern ponds at a rate of 50,000/ha and fed with pellet diet daily at the rate of 5-10 % of biomass. After 111 days, retrieval was 41.45 % in pond I and 75 % in pond II. The growth was from 22.95 mm TL to. 111.7 mm TL/10.1 g wt. in pond I and 103.06 mm TIV 8.1 g wt. in pond II. These juvenile prawns were tagged with loop tags and released in the Palk Bay off Mandapam at 3 m depth. Recovery started from the subsequent day onwards in the trawl catches of Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar and continued upto 28 days. Of the 3,430 prawns released, only 19 were recovered accounting for <1 % recapture. Distribution and movement of tagged prawns and the prospects of searanching of P. indicus have been discussed