MOMBERT (Monique). – Jeunesse et livre en Zone française d’occupation 1945-1949. Sous le signe de la rééducation

En plaçant son ouvrage « sous le signe de la rééducation », l’auteur montre bien que la politique de jeunesse et du livre pratiquée de 1945 à 1949 en Zone française d’occupation (ZFO) en Allemagne visait en premier lieu à rééduquer la jeunesse allemande, cette politique de rééducation n’étant elle-même qu’un aspect d’une politique plus vaste de dénazification, de démilitarisation et finalement de démocratisation, conformément à trois des quatre grands « D » définis à Potsdam par les vainqueur..

A complete SPICE subcircuit-based model library for organic photodiodes

A precise model library based on an equivalent circuit is presented and discussed. The model fully describes the light and bias behaviours of organic photodiodes realized on plastic substrates. The sub circuit modelling consists of a single SPICE LEVEL1 diode, a light power dependent series resistance, a shunt resistance. A combined light-power and voltage-controlled current source is also used to emulate the sensitivity behaviour of the photodiode. Moreover the model also permits designers to follow the technology deviations through the inclusion of worst-case corners. Finally a statistical model is included in order to allow designers run Monte Carlo simulations

Approche expérimentale de l'amorçage de la CSC des aciers inoxydables austénitiques pré-déformés en milieu primaire de REP

National audienceLes aciers inoxydables de type 304L et 316L sont très employés dans le circuit primaire des centrales nucléaires REP du fait de leur bonne résistance à la corrosion généralisée à haute température. Quelques cas de corrosion sous contrainte (CSC) de type intergranulaire ont toutefois été rapportés en milieu primaire nominal. La présente étude vise à développer un modèle semi-empirique de l'amorçage de la CSC intergranulaire des aciers inoxydables 304L et 316L pré-déformés par traction et à améliorer la compréhension du rôle de la pré-déformation sur les mécanismes de la CSC. Des résultats obtenus en parallèle par le CEA sur un autre acier 316L, de composition chimique différente, et pour une autre voie de pré-déformation (laminage) seront également discutés

Detection of Extensive Cross-Neutralization between Pandemic and Seasonal A/H1N1 Influenza Viruses Using a Pseudotype Neutralization Assay

BACKGROUND: Cross-immunity between seasonal and pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses remains uncertain. In particular, the extent that previous infection or vaccination by seasonal A/H1N1 viruses can elicit protective immunity against pandemic A/H1N1 is unclear. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Neutralizing titers against seasonal A/H1N1 (A/Brisbane/59/2007) and against pandemic A/H1N1 (A/California/04/2009) were measured using an HIV-1-based pseudovirus neutralization assay. Using this highly sensitive assay, we found that a large fraction of subjects who had never been exposed to pandemic A/H1N1 express high levels of pandemic A/H1N1 neutralizing titers. A significant correlation was seen between neutralization of pandemic A/H1N1 and neutralization of a standard seasonal A/H1N1 strain. Significantly higher pandemic A/H1N1 neutralizing titers were measured in subjects who had received vaccination against seasonal influenza in 2008-2009. Higher pandemic neutralizing titers were also measured in subjects over 60 years of age. CONCLUSIONS/SIGNIFICANCE: Our findings reveal that the extent of protective cross-immunity between seasonal and pandemic A/H1N1 influenza viruses may be more important than previously estimated. This cross-immunity could provide a possible explanation of the relatively mild profile of the recent influenza pandemic

The ANTENATAL multicentre study to predict postnatal renal outcome in fetuses with posterior urethral valves: objectives and design

Abstract Background Posterior urethral valves (PUV) account for 17% of paediatric end-stage renal disease. A major issue in the management of PUV is prenatal prediction of postnatal renal function. Fetal ultrasound and fetal urine biochemistry are currently employed for this prediction, but clearly lack precision. We previously developed a fetal urine peptide signature that predicted in utero with high precision postnatal renal function in fetuses with PUV. We describe here the objectives and design of the prospective international multicentre ANTENATAL (multicentre validation of a fetal urine peptidome-based classifier to predict postnatal renal function in posterior urethral valves) study, set up to validate this fetal urine peptide signature. Methods Participants will be PUV pregnancies enrolled from 2017 to 2021 and followed up until 2023 in >30 European centres endorsed and supported by European reference networks for rare urological disorders (ERN eUROGEN) and rare kidney diseases (ERN ERKNet). The endpoint will be renal/patient survival at 2 years postnatally. Assuming α = 0.05, 1–β = 0.8 and a mean prevalence of severe renal outcome in PUV individuals of 0.35, 400 patients need to be enrolled to validate the previously reported sensitivity and specificity of the peptide signature. Results In this largest multicentre study of antenatally detected PUV, we anticipate bringing a novel tool to the clinic. Based on urinary peptides and potentially amended in the future with additional omics traits, this tool will be able to precisely quantify postnatal renal survival in PUV pregnancies. The main limitation of the employed approach is the need for specialized equipment. Conclusions Accurate risk assessment in the prenatal period should strongly improve the management of fetuses with PUV

Age at onset as stratifier in idiopathic Parkinson’s disease – effect of ageing and polygenic risk score on clinical phenotypes

Several phenotypic differences observed in Parkinson’s disease (PD) patients have been linked to age at onset (AAO). We endeavoured to find out whether these differences are due to the ageing process itself by using a combined dataset of idiopathic PD (n = 430) and healthy controls (HC; n = 556) excluding carriers of known PD-linked genetic mutations in both groups. We found several significant effects of AAO on motor and non-motor symptoms in PD, but when comparing the effects of age on these symptoms with HC (using age at assessment, AAA), only positive associations of AAA with burden of motor symptoms and cognitive impairment were significantly different between PD vs HC. Furthermore, we explored a potential effect of polygenic risk score (PRS) on clinical phenotype and identified a significant inverse correlation of AAO and PRS in PD. No significant association between PRS and severity of clinical symptoms was found. We conclude that the observed non-motor phenotypic differences in PD based on AAO are largely driven by the ageing process itself and not by a specific profile of neurodegeneration linked to AAO in the idiopathic PD patients

L’effondrement de la RDA (mai 1989 – mars 1990)

En mai/juin 1989, deux événements font apparaître à quel point la situation intérieure et extérieure de la RDA a évolué dans le courant des années 1980 : les élections communales, événement en soi sans importance majeure, dénotent une évolution des mentalités tandis que le début du démantèlement du rideau de fer à la frontière austro-hongroise montre que, depuis l’arrivée au pouvoir de Mikhaïl Gorbatchev, l’environnement international de la RDA s’est, lui aussi, profondément modifié. Un résea..

Un fédéralisme réformé

En juillet 2005, le président fédéral en personne, Horst Köhler, déclarait que « l’ordre fédératif allemand était dépassé ». Cette prise de position avait surpris ; elle synthétisait pourtant, dans une formule sans doute quelque peu abrupte, une série de critiques qui s’étaient amplifiées avec le temps à l’encontre du fédéralisme allemand. Ce qui, des décennies durant, avait passé pour être un atout majeur permettant de concilier « unité et diversité » se serait désormais retourné contre lui...