Effect of variable rate seeding on winter wheat seedbed and germination parameters using soil apparent electrical conductivity

Due to the variability of soil characteristics in the field and the rising prices of high-quality seeds, farmers are increasingly interested in applying a system of precision variable rate seeding (VRS), which makes it easier to manage risks in crop production and allows to ensure the profitability of the farm. Most modern seed drills are equipped with a hydraulic or electric drive and a terminal in the tractor cabin, allowing farmers to apply VRS. The aim of this study was to determine the most appropriate seeding rate of winter wheat according to the measured apparent soil electrical conductivity (ECa) in the field, to investigate the uniformity of seed placement by layers in the soil and to evaluate the germination dynamics of winter wheat. Precision seeding was performed using a VRS map, generated from soil ECa data obtained by field surface scanning using the ECa device EM-38 MK2. Winter wheat seeding was implemented with a direct seed drill. The research was carried out by measuring the parameters of winter wheat seedbed and germinated plants, including the number and distribution of seeds in soil layers of different depths, germination, tillering. Field research was performed with 3 treatments and 4 repetitions (1 - uniform rate seeding; 2 - VRS; 3 - VRS + variable rate fertilisation (VRF)). The results of the research showed a direct relationship between the soil ECa and the depth of seed placement. Most seeds were inserted at medium depths (15-30 mm), except in the soil management zone, where ECa was highest (28.8 mS center dot m(-1)). In this area, most seeds (50.7%) were inserted shallowly up to 15 mm. The experimental results of seeding studies showed that using the VRS and VRS + VRF methods in all soil zones the germination of winter wheat was similar, while seeding at the uniform rate yielded significant differences between individual soil zones

Coupling between tillage and sowing machines

Darbo tikslas: apžvelgti kombinuotąsias sėjamąsias, kultivatorius su papildomais sujungimais kitiems agregatams, patentuotus sukabintuvus tarp žemės dirbimo ir sėjos mašinų, jų konstrukcijas, panaudojimo galimybes su kitais padargais. Suprojektuoti sukabintuvą tarp žemės dirbimo ir sėjos mašinų. Nubraižyti sukabinimo įtaiso principinę schemą ir ją pagrįsti. Atlikti sukabintuvo rėmo ir tvirtinimo elementų, bei ekonominius skaičiavimus. Atlikta informacinių šaltinių bei panašių įrenginių analizė. Atlikus analizę suprojektuotas sukabintuvas tarp žemės dirbimo ir sėjos mašinų ir apskaičiuotas sukabintų agregatų traukos galios poreikis, bei jo teikiama ekonominė nauda mažinant sėjos išlaidas. Grafinė dalis susideda iš vieno A1 formato sukabintuvo detalių brėžiniais, bei vieno A1 formato sukabintuvo surinkimo brėžinio.The aim of the work: to review combination drills, cultivators with additional connections for other aggregates, patented couplings between tillage and sowing machines, their constructions, possibilities of use with other implements. Design a coupling between tillage and seeding machines. Draw the schematic diagram of the coupling device and justify it. Perform calculations of the coupling frame and fastening elements, as well as economic calculations. The analysis of information sources and similar devices was performed. After the analysis, a coupling between tillage and sowing machines was designed and the traction power requirement of the coupled aggregates were calculated, as well as its economic benefits in reducing sowing costs. The graphic part consists of detail drawings of one A1 format coupling, and assembly drawing of one A1 format coupling.Žemės ūkio inžinerijos fakultetasŽemės ūkio inžinerijos ir saugos instituta