Neuroanatomie du langage (les réseaux de la lecture)

CAEN-BU Sciences et STAPS (141182103) / SudocSudocFranceF

CHICADE nuclear facility: a collaborative technological platform, dedicated to the expertise and characterisation of nuclear wastes

Euratom Research and Training in 2022: the Awards collectionInternational audienceCHICADE (CHimie CAractérisation DEchets – Chemistry CAracterization Wastes) is one of the nuclear facilities of the Energy Division of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA/DES). The CEA/DES is responsible for structuring and piloting the research programmes on energy at CEA. It involves its own institutes of research and those of other divisions. CHICADE is part of the Directorate for Nuclear Dismantling, Services and Waste Management. The Laboratory of Expertise and Destructive characterization is set up in the Basic Nuclear Facility – N° 156 called “CHICADE” where heavy equipment is used. The laboratory brings together both skills and means of characterization, using destructive methods on nuclear waste packages. It also carries out measurements on the whole waste package (gas release measurements, leaching tests). After a short presentation of the CEA and the Cadarache Centre, this publication aims to present the CHICADE facility and present the types of expertise on nuclear waste that are conducted there, i.e., measurement of the diffusion coefficient, inventories, leaching test, permeability measurement, gas measurements, radiochemistry, imaging. In conclusion, CHICADE is a nuclear facility with unique equipment, allowing exhaustive expertise to be carried out in a single location, benefiting from cross and complementary methods

CHICADE nuclear facility: a collaborative technological platform, dedicated to the expertise and characterisation of nuclear wastes

CHICADE (CHimie CAractérisation DEchets – Chemistry CAracterization Wastes) is one of the nuclear facilities of the Energy Division of the French Alternative Energies and Atomic Energy Commission (CEA/DES). The CEA/DES is responsible for structuring and piloting the research programmes on energy at CEA. It involves its own institutes of research and those of other divisions. CHICADE is part of the Directorate for Nuclear Dismantling, Services and Waste Management. The Laboratory of Expertise and Destructive characterization is set up in the Basic Nuclear Facility – N° 156 called “CHICADE” where heavy equipment is used. The laboratory brings together both skills and means of characterization, using destructive methods on nuclear waste packages. It also carries out measurements on the whole waste package (gas release measurements, leaching tests). After a short presentation of the CEA and the Cadarache Centre, this publication aims to present the CHICADE facility and present the types of expertise on nuclear waste that are conducted there, i.e., measurement of the diffusion coefficient, inventories, leaching test, permeability measurement, gas measurements, radiochemistry, imaging. In conclusion, CHICADE is a nuclear facility with unique equipment, allowing exhaustive expertise to be carried out in a single location, benefiting from cross and complementary methods

Disentangling the brain networks supporting affective speech comprehension.

International audienceAreas involved in social cognition, such as the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and the left temporo-parietal junction (TPJ) appear to be active during the classification of sentences according to emotional criteria (happy, angry or sad, [Beaucousin et al., 2007]). These two regions are frequently co-activated in studies about theory of mind (ToM). To confirm that these regions constitute a coherent network during affective speech comprehension, new event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging data were acquired, using the emotional and grammatical-person sentence classification tasks on a larger sample of 51 participants. The comparison of the emotional and grammatical tasks confirmed the previous findings. Functional connectivity analyses established a clear demarcation between a "Medial" network, including the mPFC and TPJ regions, and a bilateral "Language" network, which gathered inferior frontal and temporal areas. These findings suggest that emotional speech comprehension results from interactions between language, ToM and emotion processing networks. The language network, active during both tasks, would be involved in the extraction of lexical and prosodic emotional cues, while the medial network, active only during the emotional task, would drive the making of inferences about the sentences' emotional content, based on their meanings. The left and right amygdalae displayed a stronger response during the emotional condition, but were seldom correlated with the other regions, and thus formed a third entity. Finally, distinct regions belonging to the Language and Medial networks were found in the left angular gyrus, where these two systems could interface

Alternative approaches to the segmentation of the EU fishing fleets. Workshop II - 28-30th March 2022

Summary of the test of the alternative segmentation tool on the French fleets. Previous experiences and limits of the current EU-MAP fleet segmentation are presented. In light of these issues, the benefits of different alternative fleet segmentations are developed. Issues raised by data limitation for proposed alternative segmentation tool are also raised. Finally, application exercise of the alternative segmentation tool on the French national fleets operating in the supra-region Atlantic are summarised which lead to a flowchart proposal for the segmentation of the EU fleet taking into consideration all the issues highlighted before

La néphrectomie laparoscopique pour rein polykystique est faisable et reproductible [The laparoscopic nephrectomy for polycystic kidney is feasible and reproducible]

National audiencePURPOSE: The aim of our study was to report our experience of laparoscopic nephrectomy in patients with polycystic kidney disease. MATERIAL: Between December 2007 and February 2012, we performed 39 consecutive laparoscopic nephrectomies in patients with polycystic kidneys. All patients were operated by a transperitoneal approach. RESULTS: Patients had a mean age of 55 with an average BMI of 25 kg/m(2). Eighty-seven percent were ASA III and 77% were on dialysis. In most of the cases, the indication concerned patients who were candidates to a renal transplantation to make space for graft implantation. Operative time was 167 minutes with a mean blood loss of 200 mL. Two open conversions were necessary (splenic injury and difficulty of dissection of the renal pedicle). Fifteen percent of patients were transfused. There were 11 complications (28%) among which five were major (Clavien ≥ 3). Mean length of stay was 5.2 days. CONCLUSION: Our study showed that laparoscopic nephrectomy for polycystic kidney is feasible and reproducible. We systematically offer it when indicated.But : L’objectif de notre étude était de rapporter notre expérience de néphrectomie laparoscopique chez des patients atteints de polykystose rénale.Patients : Entre décembre 2007 et février 2012, nous avons réalisé consécutivement 39 néphrectomies laparoscopiques pour rein polykystique. Tous les patients ont été opérés par voie transpéritonéale par trois chirurgiens.Résultats : Les patients étaient âgés en moyenne de 55 ans avec un IMC moyen de 25 kg/m2. Quatre-vingt-sept pour cent étaient ASA III et 77 % étaient dialysés. L’indication concernait en grande majorité des patients candidats à la transplantation pour faire de l’espace en vue de l’implantation du greffon. La durée opératoire était de 167 minutes avec des pertes sanguines moyennes de 200 mL. Deux conversions ont été nécessaires (une plaie splénique et une difficulté de dissection du pédicule rénal). Quinze pour cent des patients ont été transfusés. Il y a eu 11 complications (28 %) dont cinq majeures (Clavien ≥ 3). La durée de séjour était de 5,2 jours.Conclusion : Notre étude a mis en évidence que la néphrectomie laparoscopique pour rein polykystique était faisable et reproductible. Nous la proposons maintenant systématiquement dans cette indication

Transperitoneal laparoscopic nephrectomy for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease.

International audienceOBJECTIVE: This study focuses on laparoscopic nephrectomy for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). MATERIAL AND METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 21 consecutive patients who had previously undergone laparoscopy between 2007 and 2010. Data were compared to that obtained from 19 consecutive patients who had open surgery between 2004 and 2007. Clinical parameters, operative data, perioperative mortality, postoperative complications, and length of hospital stay were compared using χ(2) and Student ttests for qualitative and quantitative variables, respectively. RESULTS: Nephrectomy is usually performed to create space for renal transplantation (81% and 79%, respectively). Operating time was longer with the laparoscopic approach (180 min vs. 128 min, P = .001). Blood loss was comparable in the 2 groups (154 vs. 222 ml, P = .359) but 3 patients were transfused in the open surgery group as compared with 1 patient in the laparoscopic group. No conversion was needed. There was a trend in the laparoscopic group with respect to lower consumption of analgesics in the postoperative period (P = .06). Delay to transit recovery (2.1 d vs 4.1 d, P < .001) and hospital stay (5.2 d vs. 8.28 d, P = .002) were significantly decreased in the laparoscopic group. The interval from surgery to renal transplantation was lower in patients operated on laparoscopically (3.1 vs. 12 mo). Complications occurred in 33% of the patients in the laparoscopic group as compared with 68% in the open surgery group (P = .22). Severe complications were less frequent in the laparoscopic group (9.5% vs. 37%, P = .04). CONCLUSION: Laparoscopic nephrectomy is a feasible and safe procedure for ADPKD. Morbidity is significantly reduced compared with the open approach

Terres mégalithes

Le film "Terres Mégalithes" explore le paysage mégalithique vendéen il y a 6500 ans. Le film projeté au CAIRN (http://www.cairn-prehistoire.com/) en Vendée fait découvrir au spectateur un inventaire unique de l'ensemble des monuments mégalithiques du Pays Talmondais, avec ses dolmens et ses menhirs.Le spectateur explore ensuite l'intérieur du Pey de Fontaine, monument funéraire au cairn intégralement restitué en 3D. La symbolique de ces espaces réservés aux morts s'entrecroise avec l'importance de ces architectures puissantes pour les communautés qui les ont érigées.Intégrant numérisations 3D, restitutions 3D et cartes iconographiques, "Terres Mégalithes" évoque le témoignage de 1000 ans d'histoire

Meta-analyzing left hemisphere language areas: Phonology, semantics, and sentence processing

International audienceThe advent of functional neuroimaging has allowed tremendous advances in our understanding of brain-language relationships, in addition to generating substantial empirical data on this subject in the form of thousands of activation peak coordinates reported in a decade of language studies. We performed a large-scale meta-analysis of this literature, aimed at defining the composition of the phonological, semantic, and sentence processing networks in the frontal, temporal, and inferior parietal regions of the left cerebral hemisphere. For each of these language components, activation peaks issued from relevant component-specific contrasts were submitted to a spatial clustering algorithm, which gathered activation peaks on the basis of their relative distance in the MNI space. From a sample of 730 activation peaks extracted from 129 scientific reports selected among 260, we isolated 30 activation clusters, defining the functional fields constituting three distributed networks of frontal and temporal areas and revealing the functional organization of the left hemisphere for language. The functional role of each activation cluster is discussed based on the nature of the tasks in which it was involved. This meta-analysis sheds light on several contemporary issues, notably on the fine-scale functional architecture of the inferior frontal gyrus for phonological and semantic processing, the evidence for an elementary audio-motor loop involved in both comprehension and production of syllables including the primary auditory areas and the motor mouth area, evidence of areas of overlap between phonological and semantic processing, in particular at the location of the selective human voice area that was the seat of partial overlap of the three language components, the evidence of a cortical area in the pars opercularis of the inferior frontal gyrus dedicated to syntactic processing and in the posterior part of the superior temporal gyrus a region selectively activated by sentence and text processing, and the hypothesis that different working memory perception-actions loops are identifiable for the different language components. These results argue for large-scale architecture networks rather than modular organization of language in the left hemisphere

Analyse de l’activité de pêche dans le golfe de Gascogne et des données OBSMER sur les captures accidentelles de dauphin commun lors de l’hiver 2019-2020

Un groupe de travail a été créé en 2017 face à la problématique des nombreux échouages de dauphins communs sur la côte Atlantique avec pour objectifs d’améliorer la connaissance sur les interactions entre la pêche et les mammifères marins, sens limiter les captures accidentelles de cétacés. Deux programmes de sur-échantillonnage du programme ObsMer ont été mis en place, dans le golfe de Gascogne, durant les hivers 2018/19 et 2019/20 temps et sur la flottille des fileyeurs dans un second temps. Dans ce contexte, cette saisine de la DPMA demande la réalisation d’une description détaillée de l’activité des flottilles “à risque” VIII, une actualisation de la typologie des fileyeurs pour le golfe de Gascogne construite dans le cadre de la saisine de la DPMA du 16 avril 2019 puis l’analyse des données ObsMer colle derniers. En ce qui concerne l’analyse des données ObsMer et notamment l’observation des captures accidentelles, le très faible taux de couverture associé à la rareté des évènements rapportés demande d’affiner l’utilisation de ces inf l’échelle des flottilles. Ce travail est toujours en cours. Enfin, une procédure d’estimation du risque de captures accidentelles de delphinidés dans le golfe de Gascogne a été établie dans présentés en Annexe 2