Галектины 1 и 3 в механизмах рекрутирования эозинофильных гранулоцитов в опухолевую ткань при раке желудка и толстого кишечника

Background: Gastric and colon tumors are often associated with eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue, the significance of which is still not entirely clear. The recruitment of eosinophils into the tissues can be in part regulated by galectins ― galactose-binding proteins which are expressed by a variety of tissues and are capable of exerting a broad range of effects. Aims: To evaluate the expression of galectin-1 and galectin-3 in tumor tissue, and gal-3 gene mRNA expression in blood eosinophils in patients with gastric and colon cancer with or without tissue eosinophilia. Materials and methods: The study included a total of 107 patients (84 males and 23 females, average age 60,9 6,8) with verified gastric cancer (52 persons) and colon cancer (55 persons), who underwent treatment or were registered at the dispensary at the regional medical institution Tomsk Regional Oncology Center (Tomsk, Russia). The control group consisted of 15 men and 11 women of comparable age. The materials of the research included samples of gastric and colon tumors obtained during surgery, and eosinophilic granulocytes isolated from whole blood by immunomagnetic separation. Galectin-1 and galectin-3 expression in tumor tissue was evaluated by immunohistochemistry. The expression of gal-3 gene mRNA in eosinophils was determined by real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. Statistical analysis of the results was carried out using the non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test for independent samples with Benjamini-Hochberg procedure for multiple comparisons, and the Chi-square Pearson criterion with Yates correction. Results: In patients with gastric cancer and colon cancer, regardless of the presence of tissue eosinophilia, low expression of galectin-3 in the tumor tissue and high expression of gal-3 gene mRNA in peripheral blood eosinophils were found. Gastric and colon cancer patients with eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue were characterized by low expression of galectin-1 within tumor cells (in 64.0% cases, 2 = 4.890, р = 0.029; and in 73.9% cases, 2 = 5.981, p = 0.031 respectively). There was a statistically significant connection between the level of galectin-1 expression by tumor cells and the presence of tissue eosinophilia both in gastric ( = 0.307) and colon cancer ( = 0.330). Conclusion: Low expression of galectin 1 and 3 by tumor cells in gastric and colon cancer with tissue eosinophilia indicates the lack of a significant effect of these proteins on the process of recruiting eosinophilic granulocytes into tumor tissue. Increased expression of galectin-3 in blood eosinophils in gastric and colon cancer is not associated with the presence of eosinophilic infiltration of tumor tissue.Обоснование. При раке желудка и толстого кишечника весьма часто обнаруживается эозинофильная инфильтрация опухолевой ткани, значение которой до сих пор неясно. В регуляции рекрутирования эозинофилов в ткань новообразования принимают участие галектины ― белки, экспрессируемые многими клетками и характеризующиеся широким спектром свойств. Цель исследования ― оценить экспрессию галектинов 1 и 3 в опухолевой ткани и м-РНК гена галектина-3 в эозинофилах крови при раке желудка и толстого кишечника с тканевой эозинофилией и без нее. Методы. Обследованы 107 пациентов (84 мужчины и 23 женщины, средний возраст 60,9 6,8 лет) с верифицированным диагнозом рака желудка (52 больных) и рака толстого кишечника (55 больных), которые проходили лечение в ОГАУЗ Томский областной онкологический диспансер (Томск). В группу контроля вошли 15 мужчин и 11 женщин сопоставимого возраста. Материал исследования: эозинофильные гранулоциты, выделенные из цельной крови методом иммуномагнитной сепарации, и образцы опухолевой ткани желудка и толстого кишечника, полученные в ходе оперативного вмешательства. Экспрессию галектинов 1 и 3 в опухолевой ткани оценивали методом иммуногистохимии. Исследование экспрессии м-РНК гена галектина-3 в эозинофильных гранулоцитах осуществляли методом полимеразной цепной реакции в режиме реального времени с использованием обратной транскрипции. Для статистической обработки результатов применяли непараметрический U-критерий МаннаУитни для независимых выборок с поправкой БенджаминиХохберга для множественного сравнения и критерий хи-квадрат Пирсона с поправкой Йейтса. Результаты. У пациентов с раком желудка и раком толстого кишечника вне зависимости от наличия тканевой эозинофилии установлена низкая экспрессия галектина-3 в опухолевой ткани и, напротив, высокий уровень экспрессии м-РНК гена галектина-3 в эозинофильных гранулоцитах периферической крови. У больных раком желудка и раком толстого кишечника с тканевой эозинофилией зарегистрирована низкая экспрессия опухолевыми клетками галектина-1 (в 64,0% случаев, 2 = 4,890, р = 0,029, и в 73,9% случаев, 2 = 5,981, p = 0,031 соответственно). Показана ассоциация гипоэкспрессии галектина-1 с эозинофильной инфильтрацией злокачественных опухолей желудка ( = 0,307) и толстого кишечника ( = 0,330). Заключение. Дефицит экспрессии галектинов 1 и 3 в опухолевой ткани при раке желудка и толстого кишечника, сопровождающийся тканевой эозинофилией, свидетельствует об отсутствии значимого влияния данных белков на процесс рекрутирования эозинофильных гранулоцитов в опухолевую ткань. Повышенный уровень экспрессии галектина-3 эозинофилами крови при злокачественных опухолях желудка и толстого кишечника не зависит от наличия эозинофильной инфильтрации опухолевой ткани

Cardiac damage in liver cirrhosis in alcohol abusers

Aim: To estimate the contribution of liver cirrhosis (LC) to the development of heart diseases in alcohol abusers. Subjects and methods: The investigation included 80 patients with alcoholic LC without a history of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and, as a control group, 32 alcohol abusers without a history of chronic diseases of the liver and cardiovascular and respiratory systems; 45 patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and congestive heart failure without a history of coronary heart disease and valvular diseases, among whom 11 patients were found to have LC. In addition to standard clinical examination, all the patients underwent electrocardiography, by estimating the corrected QT interval (QTc), standard echocardiography; and those without ACM underwent estimation of left ventricular (LV) kinetics using speckle-tracking echocardiography. Results: The patients with alcoholic LC were found to have a higher LV ejection fraction and a more obvious impairment of LV global longitudinal deformity, and more commonly LV diastolic dysfunction. 16 of the 80 patients with LC were observed to have moderate pulmonary hypertension while the mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) was within the normal range in all the patients without LC. A prolonged QTc interval was revealed in the patients with LC. The duration of QTc was directly correlated with the MELD severity of LC. The patients with chronic heart failure in the presence of ACM and CL showed a more obvious LV diastolic dysfunction, as estimated by E/E', a greater LV mass index, and a higher MPAP than those with ACM without LC. Conclusion: The LC patients both with ACM and without a history of diseases of the heart were noted to have its more evident disorders as diastolic dysfunction and elevated MPAP. Those without ACM were observed to have impaired LV global deformity and a prolonged QTc interval

Cardiac damage in liver cirrhosis in alcohol abusers

Aim: To estimate the contribution of liver cirrhosis (LC) to the development of heart diseases in alcohol abusers. Subjects and methods: The investigation included 80 patients with alcoholic LC without a history of cardiovascular and respiratory diseases and, as a control group, 32 alcohol abusers without a history of chronic diseases of the liver and cardiovascular and respiratory systems; 45 patients with alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM) and congestive heart failure without a history of coronary heart disease and valvular diseases, among whom 11 patients were found to have LC. In addition to standard clinical examination, all the patients underwent electrocardiography, by estimating the corrected QT interval (QTc), standard echocardiography; and those without ACM underwent estimation of left ventricular (LV) kinetics using speckle-tracking echocardiography. Results: The patients with alcoholic LC were found to have a higher LV ejection fraction and a more obvious impairment of LV global longitudinal deformity, and more commonly LV diastolic dysfunction. 16 of the 80 patients with LC were observed to have moderate pulmonary hypertension while the mean pulmonary artery pressure (MPAP) was within the normal range in all the patients without LC. A prolonged QTc interval was revealed in the patients with LC. The duration of QTc was directly correlated with the MELD severity of LC. The patients with chronic heart failure in the presence of ACM and CL showed a more obvious LV diastolic dysfunction, as estimated by E/E', a greater LV mass index, and a higher MPAP than those with ACM without LC. Conclusion: The LC patients both with ACM and without a history of diseases of the heart were noted to have its more evident disorders as diastolic dysfunction and elevated MPAP. Those without ACM were observed to have impaired LV global deformity and a prolonged QTc interval

Analysis of the localization and timing of the hernias formation in anterior abdominal wall after colostomy

Background. Despite the many studies conducted, the problem of choosing the prevention of parastomal hernias remains relevant. Nowadays, no studies have been presented in the available literature on the timing of the parastomal hernias formation after removal of the colostomy and localization of the hernia in the projection of the intestinal stoma. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the results of stoma treatment to establish the average time of formation of parastomal hernia and its localization in the projection of the intestinal stoma. Materials and methods. The analysis of 22 patients with various abdominal surgical pathology requiring removal of a colostomy in 2017‒2022, who subsequently developed a parastomal hernia, was carried out. Results. The study did not establish a statistically significant difference in the timing of the formation of parastomal hernia. A statistically significant difference was obtained among patients with different localization (lateral-caudal and circular location) (p < 0.05) of parastomal hernia. Conclusions. The revealed fact of the formation of parastomal hernias in the absolute majority of cases, lateralcaudal localization, directs the surgeon to perform preventive measures to further strengthen this zone in order to prevent hernias during the formation of a colostomy