Training of Tourists-Skiers in the Conditions of Short-Term Winter.

Ріст конкуренції в змаганнях із лижного туризму висуває сьогодні більш високі вимоги до підготовки лижників-туристів в умовах короткочасної зими. У дослідженні проаналізовано та узагальнено компоненти підготовки лижників-туристів в умовах короткочасної зими. Методика їхньої підготовки в таких умовах має свою специфіку. Підготовчий період більш тривалий. Процес технічної підготовки повинен містити різноманітні спеціально-підготовчі вправи з використанням тренажерів, які дають змогу підвищувати рівень спеціальної фізичної та технічної підготовленості туриста-лижника. Спеціально-підготовчі засоби лижної підготовки включають підвідні й імітаційні вправи, які допомагають не тільки опанувати техніку способів пересування на лижах, але й значно підвищити рівень спеціальної фізичної підготовленості. Виконання імітаційних вправ у русі значно підвищує фізичне навантаження. Частину спеціально-підготовчих вправ можна виконувати з використанням тренажерів. До них належать гумові та блокові амортизатори, ізокінетичні тренажери. Ефективним засобом технічної підготовки є лижеролери. Зі всіх спеціально-підготовчих вправ лижника лише техніка пересування на лижеролерах має періоди кочення ідентичні періодам ковзання лиж по снігу. Оптимізація техніки й тактики в змаганнях із лижного туризму може здійснюватися вибором кращого з можливих способів пересування на лижах кожним відрізком дистанції за критеріями швидкості та економічності, з урахуванням крутизни схилу й умов ковзання. Що більшим арсеналом техніки та технічних прийомів користується кожен турист-лижник, то кращою й більш узгодженою буде робота команди. Окрім цього, запропоновано оптимізувати тактико-технічні можливості команди, більш ефективно застосовуючи сучасний інвентар і спорядження. Ключові слова: туристи-лижники, технічна підготовка, спеціальні засоби підготовки, тренажери. The growth of competitiveness in skiing tourism requires higher demands towards the training of tourists-skiers in the conditions of short-term winter. The task of the research − to analyze and generalize the components of the training in short-term winter. The methods of the training of tourists-skiers in the conditions of short-term winter has its specific features. The preparatory period is the longer one. The process of technical training should include various special- preparatory exercises with the usage of simulators, which allow to increase the level of special physical and technical preparedness of a tourist-skier. Special-preparatory exercises of ski training include preliminary and imitative exercises,which help not only to acquire necessary technique of means of ski conveyance, but to improve the level of special physical preparedness significantly. The fulfillment of imitative exercises in motion increases physical loading meaningfully. Some special-preparatory exercises may be performed with the usage of simulators. They include rubber and block absorbers, as well as isokinetic exercise equipment. The effective means of technical training are roller skis. Of all the special-preparatory exercises of a skier only the technique of movement by means of roller skis has rental periods, identical to the periods of ski gliding over the snow. The optimization of techniques and tactics in competitive ski touring can be done by selecting the best possible ways of ski moving on every segment of distance according to speed and efficiency criteria, taking into account steepness of the rise and slip conditions. The more techniques and technical means are used by every tourist-skier, the better and more coordinated the work of a team will be. Furthermore, the author suggests to optimize tactical-and-technical capabilities of a team by more effective usage of modern inventory and equipment

EXPERIENCE IN USING TENOTEN IN THE TREATMENT OF TICK HYPERKINESIS IN CHILDREN

The clinical efficacy of tenoten (pediatric formulation) was comparatively studied in children with tick hyperkinesis. One hundred and thirty children (34 girls and 96 boys) aged 3 to 5 years were examined. The drug of comparison was persen in local ticks and fenibut in generalized ticks. An attempt was also undertaken to treat patients with generalized ticks (Tourette's syndrome), by using tenoten (pediatric formulation). As shown by the results of the study, tenoten (pediatric formulation) is most effective in local ticks. In generalized hyperkinesis, tenoten is as effective as fenibut and the former is, in some cases, superior to the latter. Monotherapy with tenoten (pediatric formulation) is insufficiently effective in Tourette's syndrome. Tenoten (pediatric formulation) has been also shown to diminish anxiety and to have a positive effect on the biological activity of the brain. The agent is safe and there have been no adverse reactions due to its use

ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ КАЗЕИНА ПРИ ОБРАБОТКЕ ВЫСОКИМ ДАВЛЕНИЕМ В РАСТВОРЕ

The aim of this work was to study the effect of pressure (50; 90; 160; 250; 350 MPa) on a physical property of casein micelle: hydrodynamic radius, tyrosine and tryptophan fluorescence and IR spectra characteristics. According to photon-correlation spectroscopy, the average hydrodynamic radius of the casein micelle was 128 nm, increasing at 50 MPa to 467 nm with the formation of conglomerates. Further increase of pressure led to the formation of two fractions of particles, differing in hydrodynamic radius. At a pressure of 350 MPa, an average radius of 75 % of particles was 121 nm. Comparison of hydrodynamic radius and tyrosine fluorescence revealed a decrease in the intensity of the glow with an increase in the proportion of large particles and an increase in the radiation in the solution with a decrease of the micelles size. The increase of casein fluorescence by tryptophan and its decrease by tyrosine indicate a change in the conformation of protein molecules during pressure treatment. FTIR spectroscopy revealed a change in the intensity of the optical density in the range of amide I, amide II and valence bonds of tyrosine, confirming the absence of new bonds. The obtained physical data indicate a change in the structure of casein micelles with an increase in the proportion (25 %) of large particles after the action of high pressure (350mpa), which should be taken into account in milk processing. The fluorescence of casein during pressure treatment is a poorly investigated physical indicator and can be important for the processing of raw milk.Целью данного исследования было изучение влияния воздействия давления (50; 90; 160; 250; 350 МПа) на ряд физических свойств мицеллы казеина: гидродинамический радиус, флюоресценцию тирозина и триптофана и характеристику ИК-спектров. По данным фотонно-корреляционной спектроскопии средний гидродинамический радиус мицеллы казеина составил 128 нм, увеличиваясь при 50 МПа до 467 нм с образованием конгломератов. Дальнейшее увеличение давления привело к формированию двух фракций частиц, различающихся по величине гидродинамического радиуса. При давлении в 350 МПа основную часть (75 %) составляли частицы со средним радиусом 121 нм. Сопоставление гистограмм гидродинамического радиуса и флуоресценции тирозина обнаружило снижение интенсивности свечения при увеличении доли частиц больших размеров и рост излучения в растворе при уменьшении размера мицелл. Рост флуоресценции казеина по триптофану и её снижение по тирозину указывают на изменение конформации белковых молекул при обработке давлением. ИК-Фурье спектроскопия выявила изменение интенсивности оптической плотности в диапазоне амид I, амид II и валентных связей тирозина, подтверждая отсутствие появления новых связей.Полученные физические данные указывают на изменение структуры казеиновых мицелл с увеличением доли (25 %) крупных частиц после действия высокого давления (350МПа), что следует учитывать в переработке молока. Флюоресценция казеина при обработке давлением является слабо исследованным физическим показателем и может нести прикладное значение для технологической обработки молочного сырья

Features of 80S mammalian ribosome and its subunits

It is generally believed that basic features of ribosomal functions are universally valid, but a systematic test still stands out for higher eukaryotic 80S ribosomes. Here we report: (i) differences in tRNA and mRNA binding capabilities of eukaryotic and bacterial ribosomes and their subunits. Eukaryotic 40S subunits bind mRNA exclusively in the presence of cognate tRNA, whereas bacterial 30S do bind mRNA already in the absence of tRNA. 80S ribosomes bind mRNA efficiently in the absence of tRNA. In contrast, bacterial 70S interact with mRNA more productively in the presence rather than in the absence of tRNA. (ii) States of initiation (Pi), pre-translocation (PRE) and post-translocation (POST) of the ribosome were checked and no significant functional differences to the prokaryotic counterpart were observed including the reciprocal linkage between A and E sites. (iii) Eukaryotic ribosomes bind tetracycline with an affinity 15 times lower than that of bacterial ribosomes (Kd 30 μM and 1–2 μM, respectively). The drug does not effect enzymatic A-site occupation of 80S ribosomes in contrast to non-enzymatic tRNA binding to the A-site. Both observations explain the relative resistance of eukaryotic ribosomes to this antibiotic

Highly homologous eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 exhibit differential post-translational modification with significant enrichment around localised sites of sequence variation

Translation elongation factors eEF1A1 and eEF1A2 are 92% identical but exhibit non-overlapping expression patterns. While the two proteins are predicted to have similar tertiary structures, it is notable that the minor variations between their sequences are highly localised within their modelled structures. We used recently available high-throughput “omics” data to assess the spatial location of post-translational modifications and discovered that they are highly enriched on those surface regions of the protein that correspond to the clusters of sequence variation. This observation suggests how these two isoforms could be differentially regulated allowing them to perform distinct functions. REVIEWERS: This article was reviewed by Frank Eisenhaber and Ramanathan Sowdhamini

A Review of Evidence for the Involvement of the Circadian Clock Genes into Malignant Transformation of Thyroid Tissue

(1) Background: In 2013, the results of a pioneer study on abnormalities in the levels and circadian rhythmicity of expression of circadian clock genes in cancerous thyroid nodules was published. In the following years, new findings suggesting the involvement of circadian clockwork dysfunction into malignant transformation of thyroid tissue were gradually accumulating. This systematic review provides an update on existing evidence regarding the association of these genes with thyroid tumorigenesis. (2) Methods: Two bibliographic databases (Scopus and PubMed) were searched for articles from inception to 20 March 2023. The reference lists of previously published (nonsystematic) reviews were also hand-searched for additional relevant studies. (3) Results: Nine studies published between 2013 and 2022 were selected. In total, 9 of 12 tested genes were found to be either up- or downregulated. The list of such genes includes all families of core circadian clock genes that are the key components of three transcriptional–translational feedback loops of the circadian clock mechanism (BMAL1, CLOCK, NPAS2, RORα, REV-ERBα, PERs, CRYs, and DECs). (4) Conclusions: Examination of abnormalities in the levels and circadian rhythmicity of expression of circadian clock genes in thyroid tissue can help to reduce the rate of inadequate differential preoperative diagnosis for thyroid carcinoma

Three-dimensional temporal migration according to initial data of areal seismic exploration

Migration methods are traditionally subdivided into two groups depending on carrying out the procedure of summing up the route by the method of common deep point (CDP): before and after summing up (pre- and post-stack migration in English variant). Despite the fact that while processing seismic data we use post-stack migration more often, pre-stack migration allows producing deep image of geological medium in more details that naturally increases the quality of interpretation of seismic exploration data. Therefore in the case when we need to study all the features of deep structure of geological environment, pre-stack migration will give us more informative result, especially while processing the data of areal seismic exploration in the areas with complicated tectonics. A variant of three-dimensional temporal finite-difference pre-stack migration has been proposed based on reverse extension of the wave field in temporal scale of depth, realized by solving of wave equation by obvious residual scheme. This approach guarantees a correct and steady solving of the problem of producing three-dimensional image of the environment demonstrated by practical example of processing the data, observed in Krasnolymansk area (Donbass region).

Features of 80S mammalian ribosome

and its subunit

Pediatric Tenoten in therapy of childhood nocturnal enuresis

Objective: to study the efficacy of pediatric Tenoten in the treatment of secondary nocturnal enuresis in children. Subjects and methods. A comparative randomized study of the results of treatment was conducted in 36 children aged 5 to 15 years with secondary enuresis, who received pediatric Tenoten (n = 18; Group 1) and fenibut (n = 18; Group 2). Tenoten (pediatric formulation) was given a sublingual tablet thrice daily for 2 months. Therapeutic effectiveness was evaluated by clinical parameters (the number of nocturnal enuresis episodes per month and anxiety scale scores). Results. There was a significant reduction or complete cessation of nocturnal enuresis episodes in the majority of children and a decrease in anxiety levels. Positive clinical changes were accompanied by a trend toward normalization of spectral coherent EEG characteristics. Conclusion. Treatment with pediatric Tenoten results in a reduction in the rate of nocturnal enuresis episodes and, in some cases, in their cessation, positively affects the psychological status of children, and improves the indicators of brain bioelectrical activity. The drug causes no adverse reactions and is well tolerated