Severe Diverticulitis Associated to <i>Clostridioides difficile</i> Infection in a 91 Year Old Patient (Clinical Case)

Aim. To present a clinical case of a 91-year-old patient with a severe course of diverticulitis combined with the development of Clostridioides difficile-associated disease.Key points. On admission the patient complained of pain in the left iliac region, increased body temperature, constipation and bloating. The medical history showed that constipation increased on the background of prolonged bed rest and discontinuation of psyllium. According to the laboratory and instrumental examinations, the patient had signs of acute diverticulitis, antibacterial therapy was corrected twice, positive dynamics of the condition was noted. However, a few days later, the patient developed a clinic of C. difficile-associated disease, which required the prescription of anticlostridial therapy (vancomycin), until the laboratory confirmation of the accession of this infection was obtained. Combined therapy of exacerbation of diverticular disease and C. difficile-associated disease made it possible to achieve a steady improvement of the condition.Conclusion. The exclusion of possible development of C. difficile-associated disease on the background or prior antibiotic therapy is an important condition for correct and adequate management of a patient with exacerbation of diverticular disease. If the patient develops a clinical picture of C. difficile-associated disease, treatment may be initiated before laboratory confirmation

Transsphenoidal endoscopic appro ach in the treat ment of spontaneous cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak

Introduction. Spontaneous nasal liquorrhea is a pathological condition associated with defect between nasal cavity and intracranial structures that lead to the expiration of the CSF from the nasal cavity.The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of endoscopic endonasal approach in the CSF leak treatment.Material and methods. For the period from 2008 to 2018, 38 patients with spontaneous nasal liquorrhea were examined and treated in Pavlov First Saint Petersburg State Medical University, the clinic of neurosurgery of Kirov Medical Institute and Almazov National Medical Research Centre. All patients underwent plastic surgery of the CSF fistula by endoscopic endonasal aproach.Results. Only in 4 cases, there was a large defect, the failure of the closure of which required repeated surgical intervention in 1–2 weeks after the initial operation.Conclusion. The use of autologous tissues (muscle or fat autograft) is the method of choice for repeated surgical plastics of the cerebrospinal fluid fistula or in a large size defect (more than 5 mm)

Корреляция 3D-морфотопометрических характеристик опухоли почки с ее гистологическим строением

Aim. To assess the correlation between clinical characteristics (sex, age, and maximum tumor size), 3D morphometric characteristics of renal lesions obtained through processing of multispiral computed tomography data, and renal tumor histology.Materials and methods. Evaluation of kidney tumor malignancy on the basis of comparative analysis of primarily morphometric characteristics of the lesion obtained through processing of multispiral computed tomography data and histological tumor structure is presented. Data of 308 patients (175 (56.8 %) males and 133 (43.2 %) females) with unilateral renal tumors were analyzed.Results. Multivariable analysis showed that malignancy of kidney tumor is associated with sex (male), location in the middle segment, tumor size, tumor shape (spherical with conical base) (24.8 %), while mushroom-like lesion shape was more common in benign tumors (35.2 %). In univariate models, only two variables were statistically significant predictors: patient sex and tumor shape.Conclusion. The developed logistic model based on analysis of such predictors as sex and kidney tumor shape has a high percentage (87.6 %) of correct predictions of tumor histological structure.Цель исследования – оценить корреляцию общих показателей (пол, возраст, максимальный размер опухоли), 3D-морфотопометрических характеристик опухолевого узла почки, полученных при постпроцессинговой обработке данных мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии, с характером гистологического строения новообразования.Материалы и методы. Представлен опыт оценки злокачественности опухоли почки на основании сравнительного анализа преимущественно морфотопометрических характеристик новообразования почки, полученных при постпроцессинговой обработке данных мультиспиральной компьютерной томографии, и гистологического строения опухоли. Проанализированы данные 308 пациентов (175 (56,8 %) мужчин и 133 (43,2 %) женщины) с односторонней опухолью почки.Результаты. Многофакторный анализ показал, что злокачественность новообразования почки ассоциирована с полом (мужским), локализацией в среднем сегменте почки, размером опухоли, формой (шаровидной с конусовидным основанием) (24,8 %), в то время как грибовидная форма опухолевого узла наиболее часто наблюдалась при доброкачественных новообразованиях (35,2 %). В однофакторных моделях в качестве статистически значимых предикторов показали себя только 2 фактора – пол пациента и форма опухоли.Заключение. Полученная логистическая модель, основанная на анализе таких предикторов, как пол и форма новообразования почки, имеет высокий процент (87,6 %) корректных предсказаний его гистологического строения