95,534 research outputs found
Shareholder Voting and Directors’ Remuneration Report Legislation: Say on Pay in the U.K. (CRI 2009-004)
This paper investigates shareholder voting in the UK. The Directors’ Remuneration Report (DRR) Regulations of 2002 gave shareholders a mandatory non-binding vote on boardroom pay. First, using data on about 50,000 resolutions over the period 2002 to 2007 we find that less than 10% of shareholders abstain or vote against the mandated Directors’ Remuneration Report (DRR) resolution. Second, investors are more likely to vote against DRR resolutions compared to non-pay resolutions. Third, shareholders are more likely to vote against general executive pay resolutions, such as stock options, long term incentive plans and bonus resolutions compared to non-pay resolutions. Forth, firms with higher CEO pay attract greater voting dissent. Fifth, there is little evidence that CEO pay is lower in firms that previously experienced high levels of shareholder dissent. In addition, there is little evidence that the equity pay-mix, representing better owner-manager alignment, is greater in such firms. Currently, we find limited evidence that, on average, ‘say on pay’ materially alters the subsequent level and design of CEO compensation
Long- and short-time asymptotics of the first-passage time of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck and other mean-reverting processes
The first-passage problem of the Ornstein-Uhlenbeck process to a boundary is
a long-standing problem with no known closed-form solution except in specific
cases. Taking this as a starting-point, and extending to a general
mean-reverting process, we investigate the long- and short-time asymptotics
using a combination of Hopf-Cole and Laplace transform techniques. As a result
we are able to give a single formula that is correct in both limits, as well as
being exact in certain special cases. We demonstrate the results using a
variety of other models
Lattice-Spin Mechanism in Colossal Magnetoresistant Manganites
We present a single-orbital double-exchange model, coupled with cooperative
phonons (the so called breathing-modes of the oxygen octahedra in manganites).
The model is studied with Monte Carlo simulations. For a finite range of doping
and coupling constants, a first-order Metal-Insulator phase transition is
found, that coincides with the Paramagnetic-Ferromagnetic phase transition. The
insulating state is due to the self-trapping of every carrier within an oxygen
octahedron distortion.Comment: 4 pages, 5 figures, ReVTeX macro, accepted for publication in PR
Planets Transiting Non-Eclipsing Binaries
The majority of binary stars do not eclipse. Current searches for transiting
circumbinary planets concentrate on eclipsing binaries, and are therefore
restricted to a small fraction of potential hosts. We investigate the concept
of finding planets transiting non-eclipsing binaries, whose geometry would
require mutually inclined planes. Using an N-body code we explore how the
number and sequence of transits vary as functions of observing time and orbital
parameters. The concept is then generalised thanks to a suite of simulated
circumbinary systems. Binaries are constructed from RV surveys of the solar
neighbourhood. They are then populated with orbiting gas giants, drawn from a
range of distributions. The binary population is shown to be compatible with
the Kepler eclipsing binary catalogue, indicating that the properties of
binaries may be as universal as the initial mass function. These synthetic
systems produce transiting circumbinary planets occurring on both eclipsing and
non-eclipsing binaries. Simulated planets transiting eclipsing binaries are
compared with published Kepler detections. We obtain 1) that planets transiting
non-eclipsing binaries probably exist in the Kepler data, 2) that observational
biases alone cannot account for the observed over-density of circumbinary
planets near the stability limit, implying a physical pile-up, and 3) that the
distributions of gas giants orbiting single and binary stars are likely
different. Estimating the frequency of circumbinary planets is degenerate with
the spread in mutual inclination. Only a minimum occurrence rate can be
produced, which we find to be compatible with 9%. Searching for inclined
circumbinary planets may significantly increase the population of known objects
and will test our conclusions. Their existence, or absence, will reveal the
true occurrence rate and help develop circumbinary planet formation theories.Comment: 19 pages, 14 figures, accepted August 2014 to A&A, minor changes to
previous arXiv versio
Electromagnetic properties of baryons
We discuss the chiral behavior of nucleon and Delta(1232) electromagnetic
properties within the framework of a SU(2) covariant baryon chiral perturbation
theory. Our one-loop calculation is complete to the order p^3 and p^4/Delta
with Delta as the Delta(1232)-nucleon energy gap. We show that the magnetic
moment of a resonance can be defined through the linear energy shift only when
an additional relation between the involved masses and the applied magnetic
field strength is fulfilled. Singularities and cusps in the pion mass
dependence of the Delta(1232) electromagnetic moments reflect a
non-fulfillment. We show results for the pion mass dependence of the nucleon
iso-vector electromagnetic quantities and present results for finite volume
effects on the iso-vector anomalous magnetic moment.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, prepared for Proceedings of the International
Conference on the Structure of Baryons (BARYONS'10), Osaka, Japan, Dec. 7-11,
201
Analytical approximation to the multidimensional Fokker--Planck equation with steady state
The Fokker--Planck equation is a key ingredient of many models in physics,
and related subjects, and arises in a diverse array of settings. Analytical
solutions are limited to special cases, and resorting to numerical simulation
is often the only route available; in high dimensions, or for parametric
studies, this can become unwieldy. Using asymptotic techniques, that draw upon
the known Ornstein--Uhlenbeck (OU) case, we consider a mean-reverting system
and obtain its representation as a product of terms, representing short-term,
long-term, and medium-term behaviour. A further reduction yields a simple
explicit formula, both intuitive in terms of its physical origin and fast to
evaluate. We illustrate a breadth of cases, some of which are `far' from the OU
model, such as double-well potentials, and even then, perhaps surprisingly, the
approximation still gives very good results when compared with numerical
simulations. Both one- and two-dimensional examples are considered.Comment: Updated version as publishe
Comparison of a linear and a nonlinear washout for motion simulators utilizing objective and subjective data from CTOL transport landing approaches
Objective and subjective data gathered in the processes of comparing a linear and a nonlinear washout for motion simulators reveal that there is no difference in the pilot performance measurements used during instrument landing system (ILS) approaches with a Boeing 737 conventional takeoff and landing (CTOL) airplane between fixed base, linear washout, and nonlinear washout operations. However, the subjective opinions of the pilots reveal an important advance in motion cue presentation. The advance is not in the increased cue available over a linear filter for the same amount of motion base travel but rather in the elimination of false rotational rate cues presented by linear filters
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