Thermal annealing behaviour on electrical properties of Pd/Ru Schottky contacts on n-type GaN

We have investigated the electrical properties of Pd/Ru Schottky contacts on n-GaN as a function of annealing temperature by current-voltage (I-V) and capacitance-voltage (C-V) measurements. The Schottky barrier height of the as-deposited Pd/Ru contact is found to be 0.67 eV (I-V) and 0.79 eV (C-V), respectively. Measurements showed that the Schottky barrier height increased from 0.68 eV (I-V) and 0.80 eV (C-V) to 0.80 eV (I-V) and 0.96 eV (C-V) as the annealing temperature is varied from 200 °C to 300 °C. Upon annealing at 400 °C and 500 °C, the Schottky barrier height decreased to 0.73 eV (I-V) and 0.85 eV (C-V) and 0.72 eV (I-V) and 0.84 eV (C-V), respectively. It is noted that the barrier height further decreased to 0.59 eV (I-V) and 0.72 eV (C-V) when the contact is annealed at 600 °C. The change of Schottky barrier heights and ideality factors with annealing temperature may be due to the formation of interfacial compounds at the Ru/Pd/n-GaN interface. When you are citing the document, use the following link http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/2788

Balancing the Tradeoff between Profit and Fairness in Rideshare Platforms During High-Demand Hours

Rideshare platforms, when assigning requests to drivers, tend to maximize profit for the system and/or minimize waiting time for riders. Such platforms can exacerbate biases that drivers may have over certain types of requests. We consider the case of peak hours when the demand for rides is more than the supply of drivers. Drivers are well aware of their advantage during the peak hours and can choose to be selective about which rides to accept. Moreover, if in such a scenario, the assignment of requests to drivers (by the platform) is made only to maximize profit and/or minimize wait time for riders, requests of a certain type (e.g. from a non-popular pickup location, or to a non-popular drop-off location) might never be assigned to a driver. Such a system can be highly unfair to riders. However, increasing fairness might come at a cost of the overall profit made by the rideshare platform. To balance these conflicting goals, we present a flexible, non-adaptive algorithm, \lpalg, that allows the platform designer to control the profit and fairness of the system via parameters $\alpha$ and $\beta$ respectively. We model the matching problem as an online bipartite matching where the set of drivers is offline and requests arrive online. Upon the arrival of a request, we use \lpalg to assign it to a driver (the driver might then choose to accept or reject it) or reject the request. We formalize the measures of profit and fairness in our setting and show that by using \lpalg, the competitive ratios for profit and fairness measures would be no worse than $\alpha/e$ and $\beta/e$ respectively. Extensive experimental results on both real-world and synthetic datasets confirm the validity of our theoretical lower bounds. Additionally, they show that \lpalg under some choice of $(\alpha, \beta)$ can beat two natural heuristics, Greedy and Uniform, on \emph{both} fairness and profit

The L1 Context Embedding Method in Foreign Language Vocabulary Instruction: A Comparative Study with the Keyword Method

The L1 Context Embedding Method that has been proposed and tested by Zi-Gang (2015), consists of inserting target L2 vocabulary, with translations in brackets, into an L1 story text. It has been demonstrated by Zi-Gang (2015) to be more effective than rote memorization. This current study tested the L1 Context Embedding Method against the Keyword Method (Atkinson, 1975) to see if the two methods are comparable. Sixteen university students from an Elementary Spanish class were taught 10 novel Spanish words using each method in a counterbalanced presentation order. They were administered an immediate posttest for each set of 10 words according to each method, then a combined delayed posttest a week later. The test scores showed that the two methods are comparable, since outside factors affected the scores more than the methods themselves. The results also indicated that the L1 Context Embedding Method was slightly more effective in the immediate posttest, but the Keyword Method was moderately more effective in the delayed posttest

Analysing MTL Properties using NuSMV model checker

Reliability and safety property of any hardware is an important parameter. To achieve this and to improve the performance bounds of the designed system it is important to enhance the efficiency by proper verification techniques. To overcome the problems arising due to the software crisis, formal methods are used. The use of formal methods in aerospace domain is the latest research that is being carried out. Formal verification, a part of formal methods is a mathematical modelling technique used to verify the hardware systems. Technique such as model checking is used to efficiently bridge the gap between design and developed stage of the system with less errors and more efficiency. In this paper, we propose to use NuSMV for verifying the vertical mode functionality of the Mode Transition Logic (MTL). MTL is a very critical functionality in aircraft. It assists the control of trajectories, weather and systems. The NuSMV model checker is used to analyse the functional behaviour of the model. The model is initially designed and developed using Mat-lab/Simulink tool suite. The semantic translation of the MTL model to NuSMV is done by means of specification languages such as CTL and LTL. Test cases generated at the Simulink model level are used as a reference to test the linear and non-linear properties of the MTL vertical model in NuSMV. These test cases are compared with the results obtained using NuSMV analysis. The efficiency is defined by earlier fault detection and improving the software development life cycle of the system

EFFECT OF AMPICILLIN AND CHLORAMPHENICOL ON CHICK SERUM

  Objective: Cystatin protein present in chick serum exhibits antimicrobial activity. The present study focuses on the effect of ampicillin and chloramphenicol antibiotics on chick serum and thus verifies Beer–Lambert's law.Methods: The serum is separated from the cellular matter with the help of a micropipette to get a clean serum sample. The quantification of protein was done by Lowry's method. The antibiotics ampicillin and chloramphenicol stock solution were prepared by 10 mg of antibiotic powder in 10 ml of sterilized water. The statistical analysis of the values obtained was done by SPSS logistics software.Results: The different values of concentration of serum with absorption showed a linear relationship which verifies Beer–Lambert's law. With an increase in the concentration of protein in chick serum, the absorption also increases, which gives a range of concentration of protein at which ampicillin and chloramphenicol act.Conclusion: The rise and fall in the absorbance rate of proteins after addition of different antibiotics represent the increase and decrease in the concentration of proteins, respectively. This shows that every antibiotic acts at a particular concentration on the protein of the serum. Therefore, proper doses of antibiotics are recommended by the doctors

EKSPERIMENTASI MEDIA PEMBELAJARAN BERBASIS RPG (ROLE PLAYING GAME) DENGAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE INSTRUCTIONAL GAMES DAN TEAMS GAMES TOURNAMENTS PADA PEMBELAJARAN IPA SISWA KELAS VII SMPN 2 TUNTANG KABUPATEN SEMARANG

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui ada tidaknya perbedaan kemampuan kognitif antara siswa yang diajar dengan penggunaan media pembelajaran game edukasi berbasis Role Playing Game (RPG) dengan metode Instructional Games dan Teams Games Tournaments materi Kalor dan Perpindahannya pada siswa SMP kelas VII. Metode penelitian yang digunakan adalah metode eksperiment. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di SMP N 2 Tuntang. Populasi dalam penelitian ini adalah semua siswa kelas VII SMP N 2 Tuntang Tahun Ajaran 2015/2016 yang terdiri dari 7 kelas. Teknik pengambilan sampel yang digunakan adalah cluster random sampling. Sampel yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini sebanyak 2 kelas, yaitu kelas VIIA dan VIIB, yang masing-masing terdiri dari 32 siswa. Teknik pengambilan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi dan tes. Teknik dokumentasi digunakan untuk memperoleh data keadaan awal siswa yang diambil dari nilai Fisika hasil tes tengah semester I, sedangkan teknik tes untuk memperoleh data kemampuan kognitif IPA siswa pada pokok bahasan Kalor dan Perpindahannya. Teknik analisis data yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah dengan uji t-test satu ekor. Dari analisis data diperoleh hasil terdapat perbedaan rerata kemampuan kognitif antara penggunaan media pembelajaran game RPG(Roleplaying Game) pada metode Instructional Games dan Teams Games Tournaments pada materi Kalor dan Perpindahannya siswa kelas VII SMPN 2 Tuntang. Hal ini ditunjukkan oleh nilai signifikansi 0,002 (<0,05). Kata kunci: Game edukasi, Instructional Games, Teams Games Tournaments, Kalor dan Perpindahannya, RP

A Powerful and Computationally Efficient Algorithm for Transmission Loss Calculation

This paper deals with the formulation of transmission loss PL of a power system through a set of new coefficients (A coefficients) which are extremely efficient, exact and robust and suitable for real time application. Results on a few IEEE test systems are exciting and encouraging. They demonstrate that these A coefficients faithfully represent the system loss, are extremely robust and need not be re-evaluated for changes in the system loading conditions either for evaluation of system loss or cost of generation for economic load dispatch

A Note on the Thermodynamics of the Wet-and Dry-Bulb Hygrometer

The paper deals with the thermodynamic study of the wet-and-dry bulb hygrometer as applied to other liquids besides water. Hygroscopic liquids are also included. The theory is found in reasonable accord with experiment