Superparamagnetic colloids in viscous fluids

The influence of a magnetic field on the aggregation process of superparamagnetic colloids has been well known on short time for a few decades. However, the influence of important parameters, such as viscosity of the liquid, has received only little attention. Moreover, the equilibrium state reached after a long time is still challenging on some aspects. Indeed, recent experimental measurements show deviations from pure analytical models in extreme conditions. Furthermore, current simulations would require several years of computing time to reach equilibrium state under those conditions. In the present paper, we show how viscosity influences the characteristic time of the aggregation process, with experimental measurements in agreement with previous theories on transient behaviour. Afterwards, we performed numerical simulations on equivalent systems with lower viscosities. Below a critical value of viscosity, a transition to a new aggregation regime is observed and analysed. We noticed this result can be used to reduce the numerical simulation time from several orders of magnitude, without modifying the intrinsic physical behaviour of the particles. However, it also implies that, for high magnetic fields, granular gases could have a very different behaviour from colloidal liquids

A Validated Stability Indicating RP-HPLC Method Development and Validation of for Simultaneous Estimation of Indacaterol and Glycopyrrolate in Pharmaceutical Dosage Form

A simple, Accurate, precise method was developed for the simultaneous estimation of the Indacaterol and Glycopyrronium in the bulk and pharmaceutical dosage form. The chromatogram was run through Std Denali C18150 x 4.6 mm, 5m. Mobile phase containing Buffer 0.1%OPA: Acetonitrile taken in the ratio 55:45 was pumped through the column at a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min. The buffer used in this method was 0.1% OPA buffer. The temperature was maintained at 30°C. The optimized wavelength selected was 230.0 nm. The retention time of Indacaterol and Glycopyrronium were found to 2.323min and 3.140 %RSD of the Indacaterol and Glycopyrronium were %RSD found to be 0.2% and 0.2% respectively. %Recovery was obtained as 99.39% and 99.41% for Indacaterol and Glycopyrronium respectively. LOD, LOQ values obtained from regression equations of Indacaterol and Glycopyrronium were 1.08, 3.28, and 0.25, 1.47 respectively. Regression equation of Indacaterol is y = 24501x + 7142.3, y = 26335x + 7822.7of Glycopyrronium.Retention times were decreased and run time was decreased, so the method developed was simple and economical that can be adopted in regular Quality control tests in Industries

Influence of Cr on structural, spectroscopic and magnetic'' properties CoFe2O4 grown by the wet Chemical method

The Cr doped CoFe2O4 nano crystalline ceramics are synthesized using wet chemical method. The structural, morphological, functional, spectroscopic and magnetic properties of pure CoFe2O4 and Cr doped CoFe2O4 are characterized by XRD, FESEM, FTIR, Raman, Mossbauer spectroscopy and M-H hysteresis loop. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns of undoped (x = 0) and doped (x not equal 0) samples reveal the formation of single phase cubic spinel structure. The lattice parameters and cation distribution between tetrahedral (A) and octahedral (B) sites of the samples (AB(2)O(4)) were obtained by Rietveld refinement of XRD patterns. The FESEM micrographs exhibit dense micro structure with small voids. The energy dispersive x-ray studies confirm the presence of Cr in CoFe2O4. The FTIR spectrum confirms that the peaks corresponding to the metal-oxygen bonds have shiftedtowards higher wavelength region. Raman spectrum exhibits broad peaks which confirm the existence of local disorder due to the inter-site cation migration between tetrahedral and octahedral sites. The Mossbauer spectroscopy reveals that the magnitude of magnetic hyperfine field of tetrahedral site (H-A) and octahedral site (H-B) decreases with increase in Cr doping in CoFe2O4 and that the decrease is more rapid in tetrahedral site (H-A) compared to that in octahedral site (H-B). And also confirm that the magnetic hyperfine fields (B-hf) are smaller relative to pure cobalt ferrite representing that super exchange interaction which is decreases as the Cr concentration increases. The magnetization studies reveal a decrease in the saturation magnetization (M-s) of CoFe2O4 with increase in Cr substitution. A similar and non-monotonic variation of coercivity (H-c) and magneto crystalline anisotropy (K) suggests that H-c is mainly determined by K

Assessing the gingival biotypes for better planning of esthetics in Indian population: A cross sectional study

Background: Anterior fixed prosthesis fabrication is a challenging one which involves many aspects and one among them which dictates the most is the gingiva. Any recession causes exposure of the tooth and prosthetic junction leading to esthetic failure. Hence it is important to know the biotypes before planning the restoration. Aim: To evaluate the prevalence of different gingival biotypes in individuals with relation to age, gender, tooth size and papillary height with respect to maxillary central incisors. Methods & Materials: A total of 200 subjects in the range of 18-50 years participated in the study. Three clinical parameters were recorded which included crown width & crown length ratio, papillary height and gingival transparency of two maxillary central incisors. The measurements were tabulated and statistically analyzed. Data was statistically analyzed using SSPS software. Results: The relationship of biotypes with clinical parameters was assessed using t test and chi square test. Thicker gingival biotype was more prevalent in male population with short, wider form of teeth whereas in females’ thin gingival biotypes with long and narrow teeth forms were observed. Conclusion: Both the young and old age groups have the same prevalence of thick gingival biotype

Uttarakhand Medicinal Plants Database (UMPDB): A Platform for Exploring Genomic, Chemical, and Traditional Knowledge

Medicinal plants are the main natural pools for the primary health care system, ethno-medicine, as well as traditional Indian system of several medicines. Uttarakhand also known as ‘Herbal State’, is a rich source of medicinal plants and traditional medicinal knowledge. A great deal of information about medicinal plants of Uttarakhand is scattered in different forms. Although many medicinal plant databases are available, currently there is no cohesive manually curated database of medicinal plants widely distributed in Uttarakhand state. A comprehensive database has been developed, known as the Uttarakhand Medicinal Plants Database (UMPDB). UMPDB provides extensive information on botanical name, common name, taxonomy, genomic taxonomy id, habit, habitat, location in Uttarakhand, part use, medicinal use, genomic information (including number of nucleotides, proteins, ESTs), chemical information, and scientific literature. Annotated medicinal plants integrated in the current version of the database were collected from the existing books, databases, and available literature. The current version of UMPDB contains the 1127 records of medicinal plants which belong to 153 plant families distributed across 13 districts of Uttarakhand. The primary goal of developing this database is to provide traditional, genomic, and chemical descriptions of the medicinal plants exclusively found in various regions of Uttarakhand. We anticipate that embedded information in the database would help users to readily obtain desired information