Effect of ω-conotoxin MVIIA and Phα1β on paclitaxel-induced acute and chronic pain

AbstractThe treatment with the chemotherapeutic agent paclitaxel produces a painful peripheral neuropathy, and is associated with an acute pain syndrome in a clinically significant number of patients. However, no standard therapy has been established to manage the acute pain or the chronic neuropathic pain related to paclitaxel. In the present study, we evaluated the analgesic potential of two N-type voltage-gated calcium channel (VGCC) blockers, ω-conotoxin MVIIA and Phα1β, on acute and chronic pain induced by paclitaxel. Adult male rats were treated with four intraperitoneal injections of paclitaxel (1+1+1+1mg/kg, in alternate days) and the development of mechanical hyperalgesia was evaluated 24h (acute painful stage) or 15days (chronic painful stage) after the first paclitaxel injection. Not all animals showed mechanical hyperalgesia 24h after the first paclitaxel injection, but those that showed developed a more intense mechanical hyperalgesia at the chronic painful stage. Intrathecal administration (i.t.) of ω-conotoxin MVIIA (3–300pmol/site) or Phα1β (10–300pmol/site) reduced the mechanical hyperalgesia either at the acute or at the chronic painful stage induced by paclitaxel. When administered at the acute painful stage, ω-conotoxin MVIIA (300pmol/site, i.t.) and Phα1β (300pmol/site, i.t.) prevented the worsening of chronic mechanical hyperalgesia. Furthermore, Phα1β (30-300pmol/site, i.t.) elicited less adverse effects than ω-conotoxin MVIIA (10-300 pmol/site, i.t.). Taken together, our data evidence the involvement of N-type VGCC in pain sensitization induced by paclitaxel and point out the potential of Phα1β as a safer alternative than ω-conotoxin MVIIA to treat the pain related to paclitaxel

Ceratoplastia com enxerto autógeno lamelar livre de córnea fixado com adesivo de cianoacrilato em cães

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Ceratoplastia com enxerto pediculado de conjuntiva fixado com adesivo de cianoacrilato em cães

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Avaliação do Cenário Agropecuário Atual de Assentamentos Rurais do MATOPIBA.

Land use and suitability are essential tools for territorial planning of rural settlement. This work describes an analysis of these factors in a group of 18 MATOPIBA consolidated rural settlements created more than 10 years ago. These settlements are located in 12 different cities, 1 in Bahia, 6 in Maranhão and 11 in Tocantins, summarizing more than 77 thousand hectares and sheltering almost one thousand families. Regional scale data allows an overview of the situation. A land use analysis indicates a majority of natural vegetation and pasture, which represents 56% and 36%, respectively. Land suitability presents that 63% of the area is suitable for crops use and 36% for pasture. The intensive use for crops heavily depends on the use of technology. This can be a limiting factor for the development of many rural settlements. The intensive use to the land for agriculture heavily depends on the technology application. These results provide a background to discussions about suitable land use and regional development

DESIGN OF GEODETIC NETWORKS BASED ON OUTLIER IDENTIFICATION CRITERIA: AN EXAMPLE APPLIED TO THE LEVELING NETWORK

We present a numerical simulation method for designing geodetic networks. The quality criterion considered is based on the power of the test of data snooping testing procedure. This criterion expresses the probability of the data snooping to identify correctly an outlier. In general, the power of the test is defined theoretically. However, with the advent of the fast computers and large data storage systems, it can be estimated using numerical simulation. Here, the number of experiments in which the data snooping procedure identifies the outlier correctly is counted using Monte Carlos simulations. If the network configuration does not meet the reliability criterion at some part, then it can be improved by adding required observation to the surveying plan. The method does not use real observations. Thus, it depends on the geometrical configuration of the network; the uncertainty of the observations; and the size of outlier. The proposed method is demonstrated by practical application of one simulated leveling network. Results showed the needs of five additional observations between adjacent stations. The addition of these new observations improved the internal reliability of approximately 18%. Therefore, the final designed network must be able to identify and resist against the undetectable outliers – according to the probability levels