Random Sequential Adsorption: From Continuum to Lattice and Pre-Patterned Substrates

The random sequential adsorption (RSA) model has served as a paradigm for diverse phenomena in physical chemistry, as well as in other areas such as biology, ecology, and sociology. In the present work, we survey aspects of the RSA model with emphasis on the approach to and properties of jammed states obtained for large times in continuum deposition versus that on lattice substrates, and on pre-patterned surfaces. The latter model has been of recent interest in the context of efforts to use pre-patterning as a tool to improve selfassembly in micro- and nanoscale surface structure engineering

New Superhard Phases for 3D C60-based Fullerites

We have explored new possible phases of 3D C60-based fullerites using semiempirical potentials and ab-initio density functional methods. We have found three closely related structures - two body centered orthorhombic and one body centered cubic - having 52, 56 and 60 tetracoordinated atoms per molecule. These 3D polymers result in semiconductors with bulk moduli near 300 GPa, and shear moduli around 240 GPa, which make them good candidates for new low density superhard materials.Comment: To be published in Physical Review Letter

Synthesis of Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Images via Multi-channel Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs)

Positron emission tomography (PET) image synthesis plays an important role, which can be used to boost the training data for computer aided diagnosis systems. However, existing image synthesis methods have problems in synthesizing the low resolution PET images. To address these limitations, we propose multi-channel generative adversarial networks (M-GAN) based PET image synthesis method. Different to the existing methods which rely on using low-level features, the proposed M-GAN is capable to represent the features in a high-level of semantic based on the adversarial learning concept. In addition, M-GAN enables to take the input from the annotation (label) to synthesize the high uptake regions e.g., tumors and from the computed tomography (CT) images to constrain the appearance consistency and output the synthetic PET images directly. Our results on 50 lung cancer PET-CT studies indicate that our method was much closer to the real PET images when compared with the existing methods.Comment: 9 pages, 2 figure

Efectos del cloruro de cloro colina y el paclobutrazol sobre el crecimiento de plantas y la calidad de raíces tuberosas de mandioca (Manihot esculenta Crantz cv. Rocha)

The effects of chlorocholine chloride (CCC) and paclobutrazol (PBZ) foliar application on shoot and root parameters of cassava field-grown plants were studied (0, 45 and 90 mg active ingredient per plant). CCC and PBZ reduced total plant and first branch height, aerial fresh mass and tuberous root number. PBZ delayed branching and significantly decreased tuberous root fresh mass, while CCC caused no modifications in these parameters. In addition, CCC and PBZ treatments did not modify tuberous root diameter, while PBZ reduced tuberous root length significantly. Starch content was increased by both growth regulators at the lower dose, whereas dry matter content was increased only by CCC. In conclusion, CCC suppresses excessive vegetative growth, favours quality attributes and does not alter yield, hence improving harvest index. Although PBZ at a low dose increases the starch content and harvest index, its effects on other parameters are undesirable.Fil: Medina, Ricardo Daniel. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Burgos, A.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Difranco, V.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Mroginski, Luis Amado. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Centro Científico Tecnológico Conicet - Nordeste. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste. Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias. Instituto de Botánica del Nordeste; ArgentinaFil: Cenóz, P.. Universidad Nacional del Nordeste; Argentin

Emociones y género en el proceso de toma de decisiones de compra. Estudio realizado con resonancia magnética funcional

El paradigma de la elección ha sido durante años objeto de estudio por parte de múltiples disciplinas, como la psicología y la economía. La forma en que los individuos se decantan por una u otra opción de entre todas las disponibles, ha despertado durante siglos la curiosidad científica de todos aquellos interesados en entender el comportamiento humano. Numerosos investigadores y múltiples enfoques, han hecho de la toma de decisiones una materia rica, extensa y diversa (Buchanann & ÓConnell, 2006). ! ! Desde los tiempos de Platón, hasta bien entrado el siglo XX, las teorías sobre la toma de decisiones se debatieron entre un individuo puramente racional y calculador, cuyas decisiones servían al propósito de maximizar su utilidad (Elrod, et al., 2004) y un individuo más práctico, subjetivo y orientado a tomar atajos para hacer de decisiones complejas una tarea fácil (Kanheman & Tversky, 1984. Gigerenzer & Selten, 2002).! ! Es hasta la era moderna, cuando los avances tecnológicos, dan lugar a herramientas de exploración neurológica cada vez menos invasivas, más precisas y con mejor resolución (Goldstein, 2001. Roman, et al., 2010), que los estudiosos de la materia, se dan a la tarea de validar los hallazgos teóricos en este sentido.! ! En este contexto, se enmarca el Neuromarketing, que ayudado de herramientas neurológicas, pretende entender los mecanismos neurales que subyacen a complejos procesos del ser humano como la toma de decisiones, la memoria y las emociones con el propósito de dar una explicación más real a los diferentes fenómenos del marketing. (Hubert & Kenning, 2008. Morin, 2011)..

Multiparticle Reactions with Spatial Anisotropy

We study the effect of anisotropic diffusion on the one-dimensional annihilation reaction kA->inert with partial reaction probabilities when hard-core particles meet in groups of k nearest neighbors. Based on scaling arguments, mean field approaches and random walk considerations we argue that the spatial anisotropy introduces no appreciable changes as compared to the isotropic case. Our conjectures are supported by numerical simulations for slow reaction rates, for k=2 and 4.Comment: nine pages, plain Te

Uncertainty quantification analysis of the biological Gompertz model subject to random fluctuations in all its parameters

[EN] In spite of its simple formulation via a nonlinear differential equation, the Gompertz model has been widely applied to describe the dynamics of biological and biophysical parts of complex systems (growth of living organisms, number of bacteria, volume of infected cells, etc.). Its parameters or coefficients and the initial condition represent biological quantities (usually, rates and number of individual/particles, respectively) whose nature is random rather than deterministic. In this paper, we present a complete uncertainty quantification analysis of the randomized Gomperz model via the computation of an explicit expression to the first probability density function of its solution stochastic process taking advantage of the Liouville-Gibbs theorem for dynamical systems. The stochastic analysis is completed by computing other important probabilistic information of the model like the distribution of the time until the solution reaches an arbitrary value of specific interest and the stationary distribution of the solution. Finally, we apply all our theoretical findings to two examples, the first of numerical nature and the second to model the dynamics of weight of a species using real data.This work has been supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia, Industria y Competitividad (MINECO), the Agencia Estatal de Investigacion (AEI) and Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER UE) grant MTM2017-89664-P.Bevia, V.; Burgos, C.; Cortés, J.; Navarro-Quiles, A.; Villanueva Micó, RJ. (2020). Uncertainty quantification analysis of the biological Gompertz model subject to random fluctuations in all its parameters. Chaos, Solitons and Fractals. 138:1-12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chaos.2020.109908S112138Golec, J., & Sathananthan, S. (2003). Stability analysis of a stochastic logistic model. Mathematical and Computer Modelling, 38(5-6), 585-593. doi:10.1016/s0895-7177(03)90029-xCortés, J. C., Jódar, L., & Villafuerte, L. (2009). Random linear-quadratic mathematical models: Computing explicit solutions and applications. Mathematics and Computers in Simulation, 79(7), 2076-2090. doi:10.1016/j.matcom.2008.11.008Dorini, F. A., Cecconello, M. S., & Dorini, L. B. (2016). On the logistic equation subject to uncertainties in the environmental carrying capacity and initial population density. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 33, 160-173. doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2015.09.009Dorini, F. A., Bobko, N., & Dorini, L. B. (2016). A note on the logistic equation subject to uncertainties in parameters. Computational and Applied Mathematics, 37(2), 1496-1506. doi:10.1007/s40314-016-0409-6Cortés, J.-C., Navarro-Quiles, A., Romero, J.-V., & Roselló, M.-D. (2019). Analysis of random non-autonomous logistic-type differential equations via the Karhunen–Loève expansion and the Random Variable Transformation technique. Communications in Nonlinear Science and Numerical Simulation, 72, 121-138. doi:10.1016/j.cnsns.2018.12.013Calatayud, J., Cortés, J. C., & Jornet, M. (2019). Improving the approximation of the probability density function of random nonautonomous logistic‐type differential equations. Mathematical Methods in the Applied Sciences, 42(18), 7259-7267. doi:10.1002/mma.5834Casabán, M.-C., Cortés, J.-C., Navarro-Quiles, A., Romero, J.-V., Roselló, M.-D., & Villanueva, R.-J. (2016). Probabilistic solution of the homogeneous Riccati differential equation: A case-study by using linearization and transformation techniques. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 291, 20-35. doi:10.1016/j.cam.2014.11.028Hesam, S., Nazemi, A. R., & Haghbin, A. (2012). Analytical solution for the Fokker–Planck equation by differential transform method. Scientia Iranica, 19(4), 1140-1145. doi:10.1016/j.scient.2012.06.018Lakestani, M., & Dehghan, M. (2009). Numerical solution of Fokker-Planck equation using the cubic B-spline scaling functions. Numerical Methods for Partial Differential Equations, 25(2), 418-429. doi:10.1002/num.20352Mao, X., Yuan, C., & Yin, G. (2005). Numerical method for stationary distribution of stochastic differential equations with Markovian switching. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 174(1), 1-27. doi:10.1016/j.cam.2004.03.016Casabán, M.-C., Cortés, J.-C., Navarro-Quiles, A., Romero, J.-V., Roselló, M.-D., & Villanueva, R.-J. (2017). Computing probabilistic solutions of the Bernoulli random differential equation. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 309, 396-407. doi:10.1016/j.cam.2016.02.034Kegan, B., & West, R. W. (2005). Modeling the simple epidemic with deterministic differential equations and random initial conditions. 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The Proteasomal Deubiquitinating Enzyme PSMD14 Regulates Macroautophagy by Controlling Golgi-to-ER Retrograde Transport

Ubiquitination regulates several biological processes, however the role of specific members of the ubiquitinome on intracellular membrane trafficking is not yet fully understood. Here, we search for ubiquitin-related genes implicated in protein membrane trafficking performing a High-Content siRNA Screening including 1187 genes of the human “ubiquitinome” using amyloid precursor protein (APP) as a reporter. We identified the deubiquitinating enzyme PSMD14, a subunit of the 19S regulatory particle of the proteasome, specific for K63-Ub chains in cells, as a novel regulator of Golgi-to-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) retrograde transport. Silencing or pharmacological inhibition of PSMD14 with Capzimin (CZM) caused a robust increase in APP levels at the Golgi apparatus and the swelling of this organelle. We showed that this phenotype is the result of rapid inhibition of Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport, a pathway implicated in the early steps of the autophagosomal formation. Indeed, we observed that inhibition of PSMD14 with CZM acts as a potent blocker of macroautophagy by a mechanism related to the retention of Atg9A and Rab1A at the Golgi apparatus. As pharmacological inhibition of the proteolytic core of the 20S proteasome did not recapitulate these effects, we concluded that PSMD14, and the K63-Ub chains, act as a crucial regulatory factor for macroautophagy by controlling Golgi-to-ER retrograde transport