239 research outputs found
On the mean width of log-concave functions
In this work we present a new, natural, definition for the mean width of
log-concave functions. We show that the new definition coincide with a previous
one by B. Klartag and V. Milman, and deduce some properties of the mean width,
including an Urysohn type inequality. Finally, we prove a functional version of
the finite volume ratio estimate and the low-M* estimate.Comment: 15 page
A characterization of the support map
AbstractIn this short note we give a characterization of the support map from classical convexity. We show it is the unique additive transformation from the class of closed convex sets in Rn which include 0 to the class of positive 1-homogeneous functions on Rn. This will be a consequence of a theorem about transforms from the class of convex sets to itself which preserve Minkowski addition
Building a collaborative culture in cardiothoracic operating rooms: Pre and postintervention study protocol for evaluation of the implementation of teamSTEPPS training and the impact on perceived psychological safety
IntroductionThe importance of effective communication, a key component of teamwork, is well recognised in the healthcare setting. Establishing a culture that encourages and empowers team members to speak openly in the cardiothoracic (CT) operating room (OR) is necessary to improve patient safety in this high-risk environment.Methods and analysisThis study will take place at Barnes-Jewish Hospital, an academic hospital in affiliation with Washington University School of Medicine located in the USA. All team members participating in cardiac and thoracic OR cases during this 17-month study period will be identified by the primary surgical staff attending on the OR schedule.TeamSTEPPS (Team Strategies and Tools to Enhance Performance and Patient Safety) training course will be taught to all CT OR staff. Before TeamSTEPPS training, staff will respond to a 39-item questionnaire that includes constructs from the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality Hospital Survey on Patient Safety Culture, Edmondsonâs âMeasure of psychological safetyâ questionnaire, and questionnaires on turnover intentions, job satisfaction and âburnoutâ. The questionnaires will be readministered at 6 and 12 months.The primary outcomes to be assessed include the perceived psychological safety of CT OR team members, the overall effect of TeamSTEPPS on burnout and job satisfaction, and observed turnover rate among the OR nurses. As secondary outcomes, we will be assessing self-reported rates of medical error and near misses in the ORs with a questionnaire at the end of each case.Ethics and disseminationEthics approval is not indicated as this project does not meet the federal definitions of research requiring the oversight of the Institutional Review Board (IRB). Patient health information (PHI) will not be generated during the implementation of this project. Results of the trial will be made accessible to the public when published in a peer-reviewed journal following the completion of the study.</jats:sec
Almost-Euclidean subspaces of via tensor products: a simple approach to randomness reduction
It has been known since 1970's that the N-dimensional -space contains
nearly Euclidean subspaces whose dimension is . However, proofs of
existence of such subspaces were probabilistic, hence non-constructive, which
made the results not-quite-suitable for subsequently discovered applications to
high-dimensional nearest neighbor search, error-correcting codes over the
reals, compressive sensing and other computational problems. In this paper we
present a "low-tech" scheme which, for any , allows to exhibit nearly
Euclidean -dimensional subspaces of while using only
random bits. Our results extend and complement (particularly) recent work
by Guruswami-Lee-Wigderson. Characteristic features of our approach include (1)
simplicity (we use only tensor products) and (2) yielding "almost Euclidean"
subspaces with arbitrarily small distortions.Comment: 11 pages; title change, abstract and references added, other minor
change
The Current State of Sleep Medicine Education in US Neurology Residency Training Programs: Where Do We Go from Here?
To evaluate the current state of sleep medicine educational resources and training offered by US neurology residency programs
Estimation in high dimensions: a geometric perspective
This tutorial provides an exposition of a flexible geometric framework for
high dimensional estimation problems with constraints. The tutorial develops
geometric intuition about high dimensional sets, justifies it with some results
of asymptotic convex geometry, and demonstrates connections between geometric
results and estimation problems. The theory is illustrated with applications to
sparse recovery, matrix completion, quantization, linear and logistic
regression and generalized linear models.Comment: 56 pages, 9 figures. Multiple minor change
Occlusion and Motion Reasoning for Long-Term Tracking
International audienceObject tracking is a reoccurring problem in computer vision. Tracking-by-detection approaches, in particular Struck (Hare et al., 2011), have shown to be competitive in recent evaluations. However, such approaches fail in the presence of long-term occlusions as well as severe viewpoint changes of the object. In this paper we propose a principled way to combine occlusion and motion reasoning with a tracking-by-detection approach. Occlusion and motion reasoning is based on state-of-the-art long-term trajectories which are labeled as object or background tracks with an energy-based formulation. The overlap between labeled tracks and detected regions allows to identify occlusions. The motion changes of the object between consecutive frames can be estimated robustly from the geometric relation between object trajectories. If this geometric change is significant, an additional detector is trained. Experimental results show that our tracker obtains state-of-the-art results and handles occlusion and viewpoints changes better than competing tracking methods
Atopic dermatitis: Correlation of distinct risk factors with age of onset in adulthood compared to childhood
Background: Atopic dermatitis (AD) has long been regarded as a primarily pediatric disease. However, there is growing evidence for a high rate of adult-onset AD. We aimed to characterize factors associated with adult-onset versus childhood-onset AD and controls.
Methods: We analyzed cross-sectional data of the CK-CARE-ProRaD cohorts Bonn, Augsburg, Davos, ZĂŒrich of 736 adult patients stratified by age of AD onset (childhood-onset <18 years: 76.4% (subsets: 0 to 2; â„2 to 6; â„7 to 11; â„12 to 18); adult-onset â„18 years: 23.6% (subsets: â„18 to 40; â„41 to 60; â„61) and 167 controls (91 atopic, 76 non-atopic)).
Results: We identified active smoking to be associated with adult-onset AD versus controls (adjusted Odds Ratio (aOR) = 5.54 [95% Confidence Interval: 1.06-29.01] vs. controls , aOR = 4.03 [1.20-13.45] vs. controls ). Conjunctivitis showed a negative association versus controls (aOR = 0.36 [0.14-0.91]). Food allergy (aOR = 2.93 [1.44-5.96]), maternal food allergy (aOR = 9.43 [1.10-80.95]), palmar hyperlinearity (aOR = 2.11 [1.05-4.25]), and academic background (aOR = 2.14 [1.00-4.54]) increased the odds of childhood-onset AD versus controls. Shared AD-associated factors were maternal AD (4-34x), increased IgE (2-20x), atopic stigmata (2-3x) with varying effect sizes depending on AD onset and control group. Patients with adult-compared to childhood-onset had doubled odds of allergic rhinitis (aOR = 2.15 [1.12-4.13]), but reduced odds to feature multiple (3-4) atopic comorbidities (aOR = 0.34 [0.14-0.84]). Adult-onset AD, particularly onset â„61 years, grouped mainly in clusters with low contributions of personal and familial atopy and high frequencies of physical inactivity, childhood-onset AD, particularly infant-onset, mainly in "high-atopic"-clusters.
Conclusions: The identified associated factors suggest partly varying endo- and exogeneous mechanisms underlying adult-onset versus childhood-onset AD. Our findings might contribute to better assessment of the individual risk to develop AD throughout life and encourage prevention by non-smoking and physical activity as modifiable lifestyle factors
- âŠ