Prevalence and Risk Factors of Hypertension among Adolescents Aged 18 to 21 Years in Indonesia

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases and other complications. There are several factors predisposing to hypertension. These fac­tors vary from country to country and there is difference between urban and rural re­gion. This study aimed to determine the prevalence and risk factors of hypertension among adolescents aged 18 to 21 years in Indonesia. Subjects and Method: This was a cross sectional study using IFLS 5 data year 2014. A total of 2,531 adolescents aged 18 to 21 years were selected for this study. The depen­dent variable was hypertension. The independent variables were age, sex, body mass in­dex (BMI), psychological condition, healthy food, physical activity, smoking habit, and residential area. The data were obtained from Indonesian Family Life Survey 5 (IFLS 5) year 2014. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression. Results: As many as 39.8% adolescents aged 18 to 21 years had pre-hypertension and 6.2 % had hypertension. The risk of hypertension increased with male (aOR= 2.40; 95% CI = 1.98 to 2.96; p=0.001), high BMI ≥25 kgBW/m2BH (aOR= 3.85; 95% CI= 1.82 to 8.12; p=0.001), poor psychological condition (aOR= 1.47; 95% CI =1.47 t­o ­2.11; p=0.030), and unhealthy food (aOR=1.34; 95% CI= 1.18 to 2.33; p=­0.0­04­­). Conclusion: The risk of hypertension increases with male, BMI ≥ 25 kgBW/m2BH, po­or psychological condition, and unhealthy food. Keywords: hypertension, BMI, psychological condition, healthy food, adolescents