Supplement Consumption among Post stroke Patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of global disability. Post stroke rehabilitation program becomes the key to gain functional recovery. Thus it minimizes disabilities. Multiple studies have been carried out to gain greater functional outcomes for post stroke patients, including medical therapy such as supplements. However, supplement effectiveness in providing stroke recovery or prevention is still debatable. There is no data of supplement consumption among post stroke patients; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the supplement consumption among post stroke patients.Methods: This study was a cross sectional descriptive study using primary data with a consecutive sampling method. Minimum samples for this study were 42 post stroke respondents who followed rehabilitation program. This study was conducted at Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from June until November 2013. The interviews were done after written informed consent was obtained. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distributin and proportion were used to analyze the data.Results: From 42 respondents, 23 (55%) respondents consumed the supplement. From 34 supplements recorded, 56% were herbs supplements; followed by multivitamin (29%), mineral (6%), multivitamin and mineral (6%), and other supplement (3%). The most frequent ingredients composed in the supplements were B1, B6 and B12 vitamin (7%).Conclusions: More than a half of post stroke patients at Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital are supplement users, with herbal supplements as the majority. The most frequent ingredients used are B1, B6 and B12 vitamin. [AMJ.2016;3(3):451–8]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.86

Efek Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gynura procumbens dalam Menghambat Peningkatan Kadar Trigliserida Tikus Model Hipertrigliseridemia

Hipertrigliseridemia penting diperhatikan karena merupakan faktor resiko independen penyakit diabetes melitus. Salah satu tanaman obat yang dipercaya masyarakat dapat menurunkan kadar lipid adalah tanaman sambung nyawa (Gynura procumbens). Penelitian eksperimental dilakukan untuk mengetahui efek ekstrak etanol daun sambung nyawa dalam menghambat peningkatan kadar trigliserida darah tikus model hipertrigliseridemia. Tikus jantan galur Wistar sebanyak 24 ekor, umur 2-3 bulan, berat 200-300 gram, dibagi 6 kelompok: kelompok I (makanan standar + air), kelompok II (diet tinggi lemak [DTL] + propiltiourasil [PTU] 0,01%+ larutan carboxymetyl cellulosa 1%), kelompok III (DTL+ PTU 0,01%+ ekstrak 50 mg/kgBB), kelompok IV (DTL+ PTU 0,01%+ ekstrak 150 mg/kgBB), kelompok V (DTL + PTU 0,01% + ekstrak 300 mg/kgBB) dan kelompok VI (DTL + PTU 0,01%+ gemfibrozil 54 mg/kgBB). Kadar trigliserida diukur setelah satu minggu adaptasi (sebelum perlakuan) dan setelah dua minggu perlakuan. Data hasil penelitian dianalisis dengan uji Kruskal-Wallis dan Mann-Whitney. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak etanol daun sambung nyawa dosis 50 mg/kgBB, 150 mg/kgBB dan 300 mg/kgBB memiliki efek menghambat peningkatan kadar trigliserida darah tikus model hipertrigliseridemia (p<0,05). Ketiga dosis memiliki efek yang sebanding. Ekstrak etanol daun sambung nyawa menghasilkan efek yang sebanding dengan gemfibrozil dosis 54 mg/kgBB (p>0,05). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah ekstrak etanol daun sambung nyawa memiliki efek menghambat peningkatan kadar trigliserida darah tikus model hipertrigliseridemia. Efek tersebut sebanding dengan efek gemfibrozil 54 mg/kgBB.Kata kunci: Gynura procumbens, sambung nyawa, ekstrak, trigliserida, hipertrigliseridemiaAbstractHypertriglyceridemia is an important condition as risk factor for diabetes mellitus, which shows an increasing prevalence annualy. People believed that herbs such Gynura procumbens act as herbal medicine for hypertriglyceridemia. The experimental study was conducted to know the effect of Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract in inhibiting the increase of blood triglyceride level of hypertriglyceridemic rats model. Twenty four male Wistar rats aged 2-3 months (200-300 grams), were divided into 6 groups: group I (standard food + water), group II (high lipid diet + propylthiouracil 0,01% + carboxymetil celullosa solvent 1%), group III (high lipid diet + propylthiouracil 0.01% + extract 50 mg/kg), group IV (high lipid diet + propylthiouracil 0.01% + extract 150 mg/kg), group V (high lipid diet + propylthiouracil 0.01% + extract 300 mg/kg), and group VI (high lipid diet + propylthiouracil 0.01% + gemfibrozil 54 mg/kg). The triglyceride level was measured: one week after adaptation (before treatment) and two weeks after treatment. The data was analyzed using Kruskal-Wallis test and Mann-Whitney test. The results of the study indicated that Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract of 50 mg/kg, 150 mg/kg, and 300 mg/kg had effect in inhibiting the increase of the blood triglyceride level of hypertriglyceridemic rats model (p<0,05). The variation of the three doses indicated a similar effect. Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract and gemfibrozil 54 mg/kg gave a similar effect (p>0,05). In conclusion, Gynura procumbens ethanolic extract has an effect in inhibiting the increase of blood triglyceride level of hypertriglyceridemic rats model. It has similar effect to gemfibrozil 54 mg/kg.Keywords: Gynura procumbens, extract, triglyceride, hypertriglyceridemi

Supplement Consumption among Post stroke Patients in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung

Background: Stroke is one of the leading causes of global disability. Post stroke rehabilitation program becomes the key to gain functional recovery. Thus it minimizes disabilities. Multiple studies have been carried out to gain greater functional outcomes for post stroke patients, including medical therapy such as supplements. However, supplement effectiveness in providing stroke recovery or prevention is still debatable. There is no data of supplement consumption among post stroke patients; therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the supplement consumption among post stroke patients.Methods: This study was a cross sectional descriptive study using primary data with a consecutive sampling method. Minimum samples for this study were 42 post stroke respondents who followed rehabilitation program. This study was conducted at Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from June until November 2013. The interviews were done after written informed consent was obtained. Descriptive statistics such as frequency distributin and proportion were used to analyze the data.Results: From 42 respondents, 23 (55%) respondents consumed the supplement. From 34 supplements recorded, 56% were herbs supplements; followed by multivitamin (29%), mineral (6%), multivitamin and mineral (6%), and other supplement (3%). The most frequent ingredients composed in the supplements were B1, B6 and B12 vitamin (7%).Conclusions: More than a half of post stroke patients at Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Clinic Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital are supplement users, with herbal supplements as the majority. The most frequent ingredients used are B1, B6 and B12 vitamin. [AMJ.2016;3(3):451–8]DOI: 10.15850/amj.v3n3.86

Spinach Effects (Amaranthus hybridus) on Spatial Memory

Background: Spatial memory reduction in elderly is predicted to increase up to twice every 20 years. Spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) is widely consumed by Indonesian people and is believed to prevent declined spatial memory function. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of spinach on spatial memory in wistar rat induced by diazepam Methods: An experimental study was conducted during the period of October to November 2012 in Pharmacology and Therapy Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. Twenty five wistar rats were divided into 5 groups; two groups as controls, and 3 groups were given 100, 200, and 400mg/kg BW ethanolic extract of spinach (EESL), respectively. On day 7, group 3, 4, and 5 were given 1 mg/kg BW diazepam injection. Morris water maze tests and calculations of escape latency time (ELT) were performed on day 7 and 8. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significance difference (LSD) test. Results: On day 7, group 2 experienced acceleration in ELT compared to group 4 and group 5. On day 8, group 2 experienced acceleration in ELT compared to group 3 and group 4. There was no significant increase in spatial memory in group 5 (EESL 400mg/kg BW) that due to the use of higher dosage does not always show better results. Conclusions: EESL can prevent impairment of spatial memory with an effective dose of 200 mg/kg BW

Antibacterial Effect of Human Milk against Streptococcus pyogenes: an in vitro Study

Background: Streptococcus pyogenes infection is one of the common upper respiratory infections among children. Human milk has antibacterial properties that may play a role against infections.  The study was conducted to observe the antibacterial effect of human milk against Streptococcus pyogenes.Methods: This was an in vitro experimental study conducted on October–November 2012 in Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung, using agar well diffusion method. Human milk was collected from eligible donors and tested at concentrations of 70%, 80%, 90%, and 100% dilution with water. Inhibition zone formed surrounding the wells were measured after 24 hours of incubation.Results: All samples incubated with human mils (in concentration of 70%, 80%, 90% and 100%) inhibited the growth of Streptococcus pyogenes, with the inhibition zone mean diameters of 26.33, 28.00, 28.00 and 28.33mm, respectively, compared to the well containing sterile aquadest that did not show any zone of inhibition.Conclusions: Human milk has an in vitro antibacterial effect against Streptococcus pyogenes. Giving human milk to babies is important for preventing infectious diseases

Effect of Topical Application of Binahong [Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] Leaf Paste in Wound Healing Process in Mice

Background: Wound caused by trauma poses challenging daily clinical problems for physicians in hospitals and other health services. It has high risk for mortality and morbidity. Binahong [Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] plant originates from China and can be found abundantly in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of topical application of Binahong leaf paste on wound healing process.Methods: A laboratory experimental study was conducted at the Pharmacology Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, from October to December 2012 by using 27 Mus Muscularis mice which were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (sodium chloride 0.9%), group 2 (Binahong) and group 3 (povidone iodine 5%). Binahong leaves were crushed and were mixed with water to make a paste. The application was given for 12 days. On day zero, 1.0 cm2 of wound was incised at the back of the mice, and further on day 1, 4, 8 and 12, the percentage of wound contraction was measured. The data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test.Results: The study indicated that the percentage of wound contraction in group 2 on day 4 (1.17%), day 8 (23.7%) and day 12 (76.14%) is the highest among all groups. The result showed that the comparison between binahong and NaCl was highly significant on day 12, p= 0.001 (p < 0.05) and the data for comparison between Binahong and povidone iodine on day 12 was significant with p= 0.003 (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Topical application of Binahong leaf paste shows better result in wound healing process of Mus muscularis mice. From this study it can be concluded that binahong promotes wound healing and can be used for home remedies for wound care and as an alternative traditional way to treat wound.[AMJ.2014;1(1):6–11]Keywords: Binahong [Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis], povidone iodine, wound healingEfek Aplikasi pasta daun Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] secara topikal dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus jenis MusmuscularisLatar Belakang: Luka yang disebabkan oleh trauma menjadi masalah klinis yang menantang bagi para dokter di rumah sakit maupun bagi petugas kesehatan lainnya dalam melakukan pekerjaan sehari-hari. Luka yang timbul tersebut memiliki risiko yang tinggi terhadap mortalitas dan morbiditas. Tanaman Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] berasal dari Cina dan banyak ditemukan di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui efek dari aplikasi pasta daun Binahong secara topikal terhadap proses penyembuhan luka.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi, Universitas Padjadjaran, mulai Oktober–Desember 2012, menggunakan tikus jenis MusMuscularis sebanyak 27 ekor, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 (natrium klorida 0,9%), kelompok 2 (pasta daun Binahong) dan kelompok 3 (povidone iodine 5%). Daun Binahong dihancurkan dan ditambahkan sedikit air sehingga menjadi bentuk pasta. Perlakuan diberikan selama 12 hari. Pada hari 0 dilakukan insisi pada punggung tikus untuk membuat luka sebesar 1,0 cm2. Persentase kontraksi luka akan dinilai pada hari ke-1, 4, 8, dan 12. Kontraksi luka adalah pengurangan luas pada area luka. Hasil penilaian tersebut akan dibandingkan pada tiap kelompok untuk melihat efektivitas aplikasi topikal pasta daun Binahong. Data akan dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kontraksi luka kelompok 2 pada hari ke-4 (1,17%), hari ke-8 (23,7%), dan hari ke-12 (76,14%) adalah lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok lainnya. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan sangat signifikan antara perbandingan Binahong dan natrium klorida pada hari ke-12, dengan p=0,001 (p<0,05). Perbandingan antara Binahong dan povidone iodine pada hari ke-12 juga menunjukkan hasil signifikan dengan p=0,003 (p<0,05).Simpulan: Aplikasi pasta daun Binahong secara topikal menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus jenis Musmuscularis. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Binahong mempercepat penyembuhan luka serta dapat digunakan untuk perawatan luka di rumah dan sebagai cara alternatif yang bersifat tradisional untuk mengobati luka.Kata kunci: Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis], penyembuhan luka, povidone iodine DOI: dx.doi.org/10.15850/amj.v1n1.28

Effect of Topical Application of Binahong [Anredera cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] Leaf Paste in Wound Healing Process in Mice

Background: Wound caused by trauma poses challenging daily clinical problems for physicians in hospitals and other health services. It has high risk for mortality and morbidity. Binahong [Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] plant originates from China and can be found abundantly in Indonesia. The objective of this research is to investigate the effect of topical application of Binahong leaf paste on wound healing process.Methods: A laboratory experimental study was conducted at the Pharmacology Laboratory, Universitas Padjadjaran, from October to December 2012 by using 27 Mus Muscularis mice which were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (sodium chloride 0.9%), group 2 (Binahong) and group 3 (povidone iodine 5%). Binahong leaves were crushed and were mixed with water to make a paste. The application was given for 12 days. On day zero, 1.0 cm2 of wound was incised at the back of the mice, and further on day 1, 4, 8 and 12, the percentage of wound contraction was measured. The data was analyzed using Mann-Whitney test.Results: The study indicated that the percentage of wound contraction in group 2 on day 4 (1.17%), day 8 (23.7%) and day 12 (76.14%) is the highest among all groups. The result showed that the comparison between binahong and NaCl was highly significant on day 12, p= 0.001 (p < 0.05) and the data for comparison between Binahong and povidone iodine on day 12 was significant with p= 0.003 (p < 0.05).Conclusions: Topical application of Binahong leaf paste shows better result in wound healing process of Mus muscularis mice. From this study it can be concluded that binahong promotes wound healing and can be used for home remedies for wound care and as an alternative traditional way to treat wound.[AMJ.2014;1(1):6–11]Keywords: Binahong [Anredera Cordifolia (Ten.) Steenis], povidone iodine, wound healingEfek Aplikasi pasta daun Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] secara topikal dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus jenis MusmuscularisLatar Belakang: Luka yang disebabkan oleh trauma menjadi masalah klinis yang menantang bagi para dokter di rumah sakit maupun bagi petugas kesehatan lainnya dalam melakukan pekerjaan sehari-hari. Luka yang timbul tersebut memiliki risiko yang tinggi terhadap mortalitas dan morbiditas. Tanaman Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis] berasal dari Cina dan banyak ditemukan di Indonesia. Tujuan dari penelitian untuk mengetahui efek dari aplikasi pasta daun Binahong secara topikal terhadap proses penyembuhan luka.Metode: Penelitian eksperimental ini dilakukan di Laboratorium Farmakologi, Universitas Padjadjaran, mulai Oktober–Desember 2012, menggunakan tikus jenis MusMuscularis sebanyak 27 ekor, dibagi menjadi 3 kelompok: kelompok 1 (natrium klorida 0,9%), kelompok 2 (pasta daun Binahong) dan kelompok 3 (povidone iodine 5%). Daun Binahong dihancurkan dan ditambahkan sedikit air sehingga menjadi bentuk pasta. Perlakuan diberikan selama 12 hari. Pada hari 0 dilakukan insisi pada punggung tikus untuk membuat luka sebesar 1,0 cm2. Persentase kontraksi luka akan dinilai pada hari ke-1, 4, 8, dan 12. Kontraksi luka adalah pengurangan luas pada area luka. Hasil penilaian tersebut akan dibandingkan pada tiap kelompok untuk melihat efektivitas aplikasi topikal pasta daun Binahong. Data akan dianalisis dengan uji Mann-Whitney.Hasil: Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa persentase kontraksi luka kelompok 2 pada hari ke-4 (1,17%), hari ke-8 (23,7%), dan hari ke-12 (76,14%) adalah lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan kelompok lainnya. Hasil juga menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan sangat signifikan antara perbandingan Binahong dan natrium klorida pada hari ke-12, dengan p=0,001 (p<0,05). Perbandingan antara Binahong dan povidone iodine pada hari ke-12 juga menunjukkan hasil signifikan dengan p=0,003 (p<0,05).Simpulan: Aplikasi pasta daun Binahong secara topikal menunjukkan hasil yang lebih baik dalam proses penyembuhan luka pada tikus jenis Musmuscularis. Dari penelitian ini dapat disimpulkan bahwa Binahong mempercepat penyembuhan luka serta dapat digunakan untuk perawatan luka di rumah dan sebagai cara alternatif yang bersifat tradisional untuk mengobati luka.Kata kunci: Binahong [AnrederaCordifolia (Ten.) Steenis], penyembuhan luka, povidone iodine DOI: dx.doi.org/10.15850/amj.v1n1.28

Spinach Effects (Amaranthus hybridus) on Spatial Memory

Background: Spatial memory reduction in elderly is predicted to increase up to twice every 20 years. Spinach (Amaranthus hybridus) is widely consumed by Indonesian people and is believed to prevent declined spatial memory function. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of spinach on spatial memory in wistar rat induced by diazepam Methods: An experimental study was conducted during the period of October to November 2012 in Pharmacology and Therapy Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran. Twenty five wistar rats were divided into 5 groups; two groups as controls, and 3 groups were given 100, 200, and 400mg/kg BW ethanolic extract of spinach (EESL), respectively. On day 7, group 3, 4, and 5 were given 1 mg/kg BW diazepam injection. Morris water maze tests and calculations of escape latency time (ELT) were performed on day 7 and 8. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and least significance difference (LSD) test. Results: On day 7, group 2 experienced acceleration in ELT compared to group 4 and group 5. On day 8, group 2 experienced acceleration in ELT compared to group 3 and group 4. There was no significant increase in spatial memory in group 5 (EESL 400mg/kg BW) that due to the use of higher dosage does not always show better results. Conclusions: EESL can prevent impairment of spatial memory with an effective dose of 200 mg/kg BW