Kvercetin potpomaže akaricidnu aktivnost ivermektina u slučaju svinja prirodno oboljelih od sarkoptoze

Sarcoptic mange triggers continuous oxidative onslaughts, resulting in severe oxidative stress in pigs and, to date, no antioxidant has been evaluated for the treatment of naturally infested pigs. This randomized clinical trial aimed to assess the ameliorative potential of the antioxidant quercetin (QR) when integrated with ivermectin (IVM) in the treatment of sarcoptic mange in pigs. The control group (T0 , n=10) consisted of healthy subjects. The first treatment group (T1 , n=10) consisted of infested pigs receiving the standard treatment (subcutaneous IVM only) while the second treatment group (T2 , n=10) consisted of infested pigs receiving integrated treatment (subcutaneous IVM plus oral QR). On day 0, the circulating malondialdehyde (MDA) was significantly higher and superoxide dismutase (SOD), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and antioxidative minerals (zinc, copper, iron) were lower in all infested pigs compared to the healthy subjects. On day 14 post-treatment, maximum recovery was observed in the MDA, SOD, GSH, CAT, TAC, zinc, copper and iron in group T2 and the results returned to normal earlier in group T2 than in T1 . Likewise, more significant improvements in parasitological cure rate, scratching index and skin score were recorded after treatment in group T2 than group T1 . These results suggest the greater effectiveness of IVM plus QR than IVM alone against sarcoptic mange, and quercetin may be recommended as an ancillary therapy with IVM to negate severe oxidative stress, improve post-therapy convalescence and produce a speedy recovery in pigs.Sarkoptoza u svinja pokreće poremećaje koji rezultiraju teškim oksidacijskim stresom za koji još uvijek nije otkriven antioksidans kojim bi se prirodno infestirane svinje tretirale. Cilj je ovog randomiziranog kliničkog istraživanja bio procijeniti antioksidacijski potencijal kvercetina (QR) u kombinaciji s ivermektinom (IVM) u liječenju sarkoptoze u svinja. U kontrolnoj su skupini (T0 , n=10) bile zdrave jedinke. U prvoj su pokusnoj skupini (T1 , n = 10) infestirane svinje dobile standardnu terapiju (samo IVM primijenjen supkutano), dok su infestirane svinje u drugoj pokusnoj skupini (T2 , n = 10) primile integriranu terapiju (supkutano IVM i oralno QR). Nulti dan cirkulacijski je malondialdehid (MDA) bio znakovito veći, dok su superoksidna dismutaza (SOD), reducirani glutation (GSH), katalaza (CAT), ukupan anitoksidacijski kapacitet (TAC) i antioksidacijski minerali (cink, bakar i željezo) bili smanjeni u infestiranih svinja u usporedbi sa zdravim jedinkama. Četrnaesti dan poslije liječenja uočen je maksimalan oporavak u pogledu pokazatelja MDA, SOD, GSH, CAT, TAC, cinka, bakra i željeza u skupini T2 te njihov raniji povratak na uobičajene vrijednosti u skupini T2 u odnosu na skupinu T1. Osim toga, u skupini T2 u odnosu na skupinu T1 zapaženo je znakovito poboljšanje u stopi izliječenosti parazitoze, indeksu grebenja i bodovanju promjena na koži. Ovi rezultati upućuju na veću učinkovitost IVM-a u kombinaciji s QR-om nego IVM-a upotrijebljenog kao samostalna terapija sarkoptoze u svinja. Zaključuje se da bi kvercetin mogao biti dodatna terapija uz IVM kako bi se poništili teški učinci oksidacijskog stresa, poboljšala poslijeterapijska rekonvalescencija i ubrzao oporavak svinja

Alteration of metabolic biomarkers and oxidative stress indices in pashmina (Changthangi) goats under climate change

The main aim of this study was to evaluate climate change induced variation of metabolic biomarkers and oxidative stress indices in different age groups of pashmina goats. Adult animals in comparison to young and old animals had significantly higher levels of glucose, glycated haemoglobin (GHb), fructosamine and total protein during summer and significantly higher levels of glucose, fructosamine and haemoglobin (Hb) during winter. Significantly reduced levels of these biochemicals were noted in winter than summer in all age groups except for glucose in young and old, GHb in young and Hb in adult animals. Urea and acetoacetate levels were significantly higher in young animals than adults during winter. Higher betahydroxybutyrate and lower propionate levels were noted during winter than summer in all age groups. Significantly higher levels of insulin, T3, T4 and lower levels of TSH and cortisol in adult animals were noted in both seasons. Significant rise of insulin in adult, T3 and T4 in young and old, cortisol in young and TSH in all animals occurred during winter. Level of GSH in summer, CAT and SOD in winter were significantly higher in adult animals whereas, that of LPO were in young animals. Decrease in levels of antioxidants and increase of oxidants during winter was significant in all age groups. Hence, young and old age groups of pashmina goats are more vulnerable to metabolic alterations under climatic stress than the adult group

An Efficient Algorithm for 2-Dimensional Pattern Matching Problem

Pattern matching is the area of computer science which deals with security and analysis of data. This work proposes two 2D pattern matching algorithms based on two different input domains. The first algorithm is for the case when the given pattern contains only two symbols, that is, binary symbols 0 and 1. The second algorithm is in the case when the given pattern contains decimal numbers, that is, the collection of symbols between 0 and 9. The algorithms proposed in this manuscript convert the given pattern into an equivalent binary or decimal number, correspondingly find the cofactors of the same dimension and convert these cofactors into numbers if a particular cofactor number matches indicate the matching of the pattern. Furthermore, the algorithm is enhanced for decimal numbers. In the case of decimal numbers, each row of the pattern is changed to its decimal equivalent, and then, modulo with a suitable prime number changes the decimal equivalent into a number less than the prime number. If the number mismatched pattern does not exist, the complexity of the proposed algorithm is very low as compared to other traditional algorithms

Blood antioxidant profile and lipid peroxides in dairy cows with clinical mastitis

Aim: To evaluate blood antioxidant profile and lipid peroxides in dairy cows with clinical mastitis. Materials and Methods: Twelve cases of clinical mastitis in cross-bred cows were selected based on physical examination of udder and milk, California Mastitis Test (CMT), Somatic Cell Count (SCC) and confirmation by bacteriological examination of milk and requisite biochemical tests. Twelve lactating cows showing negative CMT reaction and SCC <2x105 cells/ml were considered as healthy control. Antioxidant parameters measured in blood were superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase activities and reduced glutathione (GSH) concentration. Erythrocytic lipid peroxidation (LPO) was measured in terms of malondialdehyde (MDA) production. Results: Significant (P<0.05) decrease in blood SOD and catalase activities, GSH concentration and an increase in erythrocytic lipid peroxides was observed in cows with clinical mastitis. Conclusion: It is concluded that there is a compromise in antioxidant defense of the body in dairy cows with clinical mastitis resulting in oxidative damage, therefore, necessitate the use of antioxidants and other protective compounds along with conventional therapy for mastitis control. [Vet World 2013; 6(5.000): 271-273

Update on epidemiology and control of Foot and Mouth Disease - A menace to international trade and global animal enterprise

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is one of the most economically and socially devastating disease affecting animal agriculture throughout the world. This review describes economic impact of disease outbreaks, an update of recent findings in epidemiology of FMD both at International and national level and control of this disease. The etiological agent (FMD virus) is examined in detail at genetic and molecular characterization level and in terms of antigenic diversity. [Vet World 2012; 5(11.000): 694-704

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Evaluation of serum mineral status and hormone profile in goats and some of their inter-relations

Aim: The present study was carried out with the objective to estimate the serum mineral status, and hormonal profile of goats in Kashmir valley. Materials and Methods: Thirty female goats (n=30) were selected randomly from three districts (ten from each district) of Kashmir valley. Serum minerals were estimated by atomic absorption spectrophotometry and hormones by radioimmunoassay (RIA) technique using gamma scintillation counter (I125 calibrated), at Nuclear Research Laboratory, IVRI, Izatnagar. Results: Mean&#177;SE value of calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), magnesium (Mg) was 10.46&#177;0.76, 5.12&#177;0.31, 2.11&#177;0.24 mg/dl respectively, whereas copper (Cu,) iron (Fe), zinc (Zn) and cobalt (Co) was 0.548&#177;0.094, 1.548&#177;0.173, 0.864&#177;0.211 and 0.027&#177;0.003ppm, respectively. Non-significant (p<0.01) difference was found in the serum mineral concentrations between and within the goat of different districts. Serum mineral concentrations in goat were in slightly deficient range. Mean&#177;SE value of serum estrogen (E2 ) in pg/ml, progesterone (P4), triiodothyronin (T3) and tetraiodothyronin (T4) in ng/ml of goat was 19.35&#177;0.45, 1.37&#177;0.141, 1.16&#177;0.163 and 31.09&#177;1.15, respectively. Steroid and thyroid hormone levels were towards the lower side of the normal range. Wide variations were noted in the correlations between serum minerals and steroid and thyroid hormones indicating diverse interrelations between minerals and hormones. Conclusion: Most of the animals showed deficient serum mineral status. Mineral deficiency affects hormone status and impairs production potential of animals. Based on these findings supplementation of mineral to goat of Kashmir valley is imperative. [Vet World 2013; 6(6.000): 318-320

Role of trace elements in animals: a review

Trace elements, though required in minute quantities (less than 100 mg/kg dry matter), are essential for maintaining health andimmunity. They are involved in growth, production and reproduction. Trace elements act as cofactors of enzymes which areimportant to the immunity of animal. Superoxide dismutase , glutathione reductase, glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxinreductase, ceruloplasmin and catalase are important enzymes that have trace elements as cofactors. These enzymes act asantioxidants and prevent oxidative stress by neutralizing oxidants produced under different stresses. Besides, trace elementscontribute to general health of animal thereby enhancing disease resistance. Trace elements are important for properfunctioning of a number of enzymes and proteins which are involved in many physiological, biochemical and metabolicprocesses that contribute to growth and production. Overall, trace elements improve immune competence and productiveperformance