Job resources, job demands and developmental HR in relation with work engagement : the moderating role of service climate

Enterprises globally are facing the issue of work engagement whereby, dearth of research exists on how it could be addressed particularly in an emerging economy like Pakistan. Upon the explanations of Conservation of Resources (COR) theory; studies have indicated job demands and resources model (JD-R) as the most promising theoretical framework for understanding work engagement. Therein, the study investigated how job resources such as supervisor support, co-worker support and meaningful work, and job demands such as workload and emotional demands can influence work engagement. The study also tested developmental HR resources such as employee training opportunities, career development opportunities and developmental performance appraisal. Additionally, service climate was also empirically tested for potential moderating effect on these relationships. Results of the PLS path modelling of 277 employees from the banking sector of Pakistan, found significant direct relationships of co-worker support, meaningful work and developmental HR resources with work engagement. Meanwhile, job demands including such as workload and emotional demands resulted in negative relationships with work engagement. However, supervisor support was not significantly influences on work engagement. Furthermore, the bootstrapping results found significant moderation of service climate upon employee training opportunities and career development opportunities relationships with work engagement. On the flipside, the study did not find any moderation of service climate on job resources and job demands in their relationships with work engagement. The results show that work engagement can be enhanced through job and developmental HR resources whereas; job demands can potentially deplete it. Alongside, service climate can be of prominence for service sector to strengthen the developmental HR resources and work engagement relationships

UNDERSTANDING WORK ENGAGEMENT: SIMPLIFIED LITERATURE REVIEW FOR EARLY SCHOLARS

worked with particularized review of highly prominent studies on the topic to educate early scholars about the major scholarly developments on the topic. Methodology: Through this, the author has also reviewed and underlined how engagement can be of considerable value towards bringing passion, zeal and zest at work. To article goes further to offer details on the prominent theoretical underpinnings and the notable predictors of work engagement. Towards the end, the article also sheds light on the prominent model of work engagement, popularly known as JD-R model of engagement and the prominent efforts made towards extending in the past to help understand the concept better. Lastly, the paper also sheds light for early researcher on the concept of developmental Resources such as HR infused elements as a major gap that could be added to the JD-R and also considered by other emerging researchers for future research. Results: Overall, this simple yet critical insight-based piece of work provides a healthy piece of understanding and way forward for enthusiasts on the concept of engagement. &nbsp

Nonlinear photonics with applications in lightwave communications

This doctoral dissertation investigates the use of nonlinear photonics in targeted Lightwave communication applications. Different highly nonlinear optical materials have been considered for the investigation of Lightwave communications data carriers, with a focus on the optical carrier pulsewidth. A state-of-the-art novel method has been developed to measure pico-second optical carrier pulses using highly nonlinear optical fiber. This method is based on the nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM), with consideration focused on the third order nonlinearity. Silicon is considered to be one of the most attractive materials for photonics integrated circuit technology (PIC) due to its compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS). As such, the method has been applied to the SOI platform Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), also by considering the third order nonlinearity. In the NOLM approach, the picosecond optical data carrier pulsewidth is measured by using an optical power meter. Simulations for both the self-phase and cross-phase modulation schemes are carried out, and as expected, the cross phase modulation gives an increment in the sensitivity twice that of the self-phase modulation. Due to very high repetition rates of the order 10 GHz, the effect of counter propagating non-linear interactions in the NOLM are also considered in the theoretical evaluation. In the experimental validation, the pulses from an active fiber mode-locked laser at a repetition rate of 10 GHz were incrementally temporally dispersed using an SMF-28 fiber. The optical data carrier pulses over a range of 2-10 ps were successfully measured with a resolution of 0.25 ps. By extrapolating the theoretical evaluation and by selecting different physical parameters for the setup, the method was found to exhibit an extended range of 0.25 to 40 ps.;The concept described above is then extended to the investigation of nonlinear SOI devices using an MZI, thus miniaturizing the setup. In this investigation, the silicon waveguide has been simulated for self-phase and cross-phase modulation by solving the nonlinear Schrodinger equations using the split step method. Silicon has strong two photon absorption at telecommunication wavelengths, i.e. 1550 nm, and therefore all nonlinear losses (i.e. TPA and free carriers generated through TPA) are included in the split step simulations. The results obtained show that the on-chip nonlinear MZI (based on the SOI platform) can also be used for the measurement of optical data carrier pulse-widths of up to 10 ps. In the last part of this doctoral dissertation, a novel design for a temperature insensitive MZI is presented. Temperature dependence is one of the main challenges in the design of the SOI platform due to the large thermo-optic coefficient of its core material. A change in temperature can cause the device properties to deviate significantly, and can also alter the nonlinear properties of the device. Therefore, a design of an all-passive athermal MZI device based on the SOI platform has been developed and investigated. The MZI's temperature compensation is achieved by optimizing the relative length of the wire and subwavelength grating arms, and by tailoring the thermal response of the subwavelength structure. The simulation results of the athermal MZI design indicated that an overall temperature sensitivity of 7.5 pm/K could be achieved over a 100 nm spectral range near the 1550 nm region.This doctoral dissertation investigates the use of nonlinear photonics in targeted Lightwave communication applications. Different highly nonlinear optical materials have been considered for the investigation of Lightwave communications data carriers, with a focus on the optical carrier pulsewidth. A state-of-the-art novel method has been developed to measure pico-second optical carrier pulses using highly nonlinear optical fiber. This method is based on the nonlinear optical loop mirror (NOLM), with consideration focused on the third order nonlinearity. Silicon is considered to be one of the most attractive materials for photonics integrated circuit technology (PIC) due to its compatibility with complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS). As such, the method has been applied to the SOI platform Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI), also by considering the third order nonlinearity. In the NOLM approach, the picosecond optical data carrier pulsewidth is measured by using an optical power meter. Simulations for both the self-phase and cross-phase modulation schemes are carried out, and as expected, the cross phase modulation gives an increment in the sensitivity twice that of the self-phase modulation. Due to very high repetition rates of the order 10 GHz, the effect of counter propagating non-linear interactions in the NOLM are also considered in the theoretical evaluation. In the experimental validation, the pulses from an active fiber mode-locked laser at a repetition rate of 10 GHz were incrementally temporally dispersed using an SMF-28 fiber. The optical data carrier pulses over a range of 2-10 ps were successfully measured with a resolution of 0.25 ps. By extrapolating the theoretical evaluation and by selecting different physical parameters for the setup, the method was found to exhibit an extended range of 0.25 to 40 ps.;The concept described above is then extended to the investigation of nonlinear SOI devices using an MZI, thus miniaturizing the setup. In this investigation, the silicon waveguide has been simulated for self-phase and cross-phase modulation by solving the nonlinear Schrodinger equations using the split step method. Silicon has strong two photon absorption at telecommunication wavelengths, i.e. 1550 nm, and therefore all nonlinear losses (i.e. TPA and free carriers generated through TPA) are included in the split step simulations. The results obtained show that the on-chip nonlinear MZI (based on the SOI platform) can also be used for the measurement of optical data carrier pulse-widths of up to 10 ps. In the last part of this doctoral dissertation, a novel design for a temperature insensitive MZI is presented. Temperature dependence is one of the main challenges in the design of the SOI platform due to the large thermo-optic coefficient of its core material. A change in temperature can cause the device properties to deviate significantly, and can also alter the nonlinear properties of the device. Therefore, a design of an all-passive athermal MZI device based on the SOI platform has been developed and investigated. The MZI's temperature compensation is achieved by optimizing the relative length of the wire and subwavelength grating arms, and by tailoring the thermal response of the subwavelength structure. The simulation results of the athermal MZI design indicated that an overall temperature sensitivity of 7.5 pm/K could be achieved over a 100 nm spectral range near the 1550 nm region

An Efficient Feature Selection Algorithm for Health Care Data Processing

The researcher used to study the tides depends on a qualitative approach that takes into account the review of past works and studies of various authors and researchers. The service sector is an explosive part of the economy in many countries. Its development is fraught with difficulties, including increased costs, wasteful aspects, poor quality, and the expansion of multifaceted nature. AI systems can be deployed in health programs they want to be qualified using statistics obtained from clinical activities, consisting of screening, diagnosis, corrective measures, etc. The advantage is due to proactive behavior and specialized medical services. Stimulates e-health and electronic monitoring at the forefront of research. AI systems can be deployed in health programs they want to be “qualified” using statistics obtained from clinical activities, consisting of screening, diagnosis, corrective measures, etc. On the other hand, among the various classes in a study in medical services, the use of data mining is usually used as an aid in clinical choice (42%) and for managerial purposes (32%). This segment examines the use of data mining in these territories, and the main points of these checks, performance holes, and key points are different

Design and experimental verification of magneto-mechanical energy harvesting concept based on construction steel.

The development of self-powered system for powering small scale power electronic devices such as wireless networks and nodes, radio frequency based tags or readers and wireless sensors for applications like structural condition monitoring (SCM) and wireless data recording are getting very popular. The integration of vibration based energy harvesters with the above mentioned devices is a promising approach towards self-powered systems. The techniques of vibration based energy harvesting involve utilization of either piezo-electric or magnetostrictive materials. However, the active materials mostly employed in energy harvesters are either too expensive or are not commonly available. The objective of the study is to utilize construction material more specifically structural steel as an active material because of its abundant availability and practical applications in bridges buildings and rail tracks etc. The literature study regarding various energy harvesting techniques and their applications are presented first to emphasize the importance of vibration based energy harvesting. The prototype design of the proposed energy harvester including the design of mechanical grips and magnetic circuit are discussed in detail. Three different test samples are utilized in which two samples are constructed in the form of a stack using 1 mm and 1.5 mm thick steel sheets and the third sample is a solid steel bar with the dimensions of 20 mm x 20 mm. The free length and cross-sectional area of each sample are 100 mm and 400 mm2 respectively. The measurement method developed for single steel tester is utilized and a new method for obtaining magnetization curves is proposed in the study. In order to determine the effect of stress on magnetization curves, the test sample is first stressed statically using AC magnetization to obtain the stress dependent magnetization curves. It is observed that the permeability of the test material changes under tensile and compressive stress showing the stress dependent magnetic characteristic of the material. To experimentally verify the validity of measurement method and the proposed method, the test sample is stressed dynamically using DC magnetization inducing voltage in the pickup coil. The induced voltage is because of the inverse magnetostriction also known as Villari effect. The results from the solid steel sample and the sample made up of steel sheets are compared during cyclic loading. The steel sheet sample does not go into saturation because of the changing magnetic circuit length as well as the air gap caused by the buckling of individual sheets. Whereas, the induced voltage from the pickup coil starts dropping in case of solid sample which shows that the material is reaching saturation. To validate the magnetization curves obtained from the proposed method, the magnetizing current (I) for maximum ΔB (change in flux density) is calculated which is compared with the I at peak amplitude of the induced voltage curve. The results from the calculations do not take into the account the eddy current losses or hysteresis and therefore the measured results deviate slightly from the calculated results. The maximum power is measured at the point of maximum ΔB value by varying the load resistance for two different cases of cyclic loading. The average output power is measured 13.3 μW for cyclic loading from zero to -20 MPa and 8.76 μW for cyclic loading from 2.5 to 25 MPa at 11 Hz of mechanical vibration using 2.62 Ω load resistance

IST Austria Technical Report

Board games, like Tic-Tac-Toe and CONNECT-4, play an important role not only in development of mathematical and logical skills, but also in emotional and social development. In this paper, we address the problem of generating targeted starting positions for such games. This can facilitate new approaches for bringing novice players to mastery, and also leads to discovery of interesting game variants. Our approach generates starting states of varying hardness levels for player 1 in a two-player board game, given rules of the board game, the desired number of steps required for player 1 to win, and the expertise levels of the two players. Our approach leverages symbolic methods and iterative simulation to efficiently search the extremely large state space. We present experimental results that include discovery of states of varying hardness levels for several simple grid-based board games. Also, the presence of such states for standard game variants like Tic-Tac-Toe on board size 4x4 opens up new games to be played that have not been played for ages since the default start state is heavily biased