10,051 research outputs found
Non-uniform convergence of two-photon decay rates for excited atomic states
Two-photon decay rates in simple atoms such as hydrogenlike systems represent
rather interesting fundamental problems in atomic physics. The sum of the
energies of the two emitted photons has to fulfill an energy conservation
condition, the decay takes place via intermediate virtual states, and the total
decay rate is obtained after an integration over the energy of one of the
emitted photons. Here, we investigate cases with a virtual state having an
energy intermediate between the initial and the final state of the decay
process, and we show that due to non-uniform convergence, only a careful
treatment of the singularities infinitesimally displaced from the photon
integration contour leads to consistent and convergent results.Comment: 3 pages; LaTe
Nicht nur Schall und Rauch:Zum Umgang mit Namen im Biologieunterricht
Namen sind Wörter, die Individuen bezeichnen. Das Namengeben hat im täglichen Leben emotionale und Beziehungen stiftende Bedeutung. Dieses wird im Unterricht viel zu wenig beachtet. Die Namen für die Organismen und Organismengruppen können anschaulich sein und dann das Lernen der biologischen Sachverhalte fördern, aber auch behindern. Im Beitrag wird diese Frage anhand empirischer Befunde erörtert und es werden daraus Vorschläge für den Biologieunterricht abgeleitet
Dynamics and symmetries of a field partitioned by an accelerated frame
The canonical evolution and symmetry generators are exhibited for a
Klein-Gordon (K-G) system which has been partitioned by an accelerated
coordinate frame into a pair of subsystems. This partitioning of the K-G system
is conveyed to the canonical generators by the eigenfunction property of the
Minkowski Bessel (M-B) modes. In terms of the M-B degrees of freedom, which are
unitarily related to those of the Minkowski plane waves, a near complete
diagonalization of these generators can be realized.Comment: 14 pages, PlainTex. Related papers on accelerated frames available at
http://www.math.ohio-state.edu/~gerlac
Fitted HBT radii versus space-time variances in flow-dominated models
The inability of otherwise successful dynamical models to reproduce the ``HBT
radii'' extracted from two-particle correlations measured at the Relativistic
Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) is known as the ``RHIC HBT Puzzle.'' Most comparisons
between models and experiment exploit the fact that for Gaussian sources the
HBT radii agree with certain combinations of the space-time widths of the
source which can be directly computed from the emission function, without
having to evaluate, at significant expense, the two-particle correlation
function. We here study the validity of this approach for realistic emission
function models some of which exhibit significant deviations from simple
Gaussian behaviour. By Fourier transforming the emission function we compute
the 2-particle correlation function and fit it with a Gaussian to partially
mimic the procedure used for measured correlation functions. We describe a
novel algorithm to perform this Gaussian fit analytically. We find that for
realistic hydrodynamic models the HBT radii extracted from this procedure agree
better with the data than the values previously extracted from the space-time
widths of the emission function. Although serious discrepancies between the
calculated and measured HBT radii remain, we show that a more
``apples-to-apples'' comparison of models with data can play an important role
in any eventually successful theoretical description of RHIC HBT data.Comment: 12 pages, 16 color figure
Equation of State and Collective Dynamics
This talk summarizes the present status of a program to quantitatively relate
data from the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) on collective expansion
flow to the Equation of State (EOS) of hot and dense strongly interacting
matter, including the quark-gluon plasma and the quark-hadron phase transition.
The limits reached with the present state of the art and the next steps
required to make further progress will both be discussed.Comment: 8 pages, 6 two-part figures. Invited talk given at the 5th
International Conference on the Physics and Astrophysics of Quark-Gluon
Plasma (ICPAQGP 2005), Kolkata (India), Feb 8-12, 2005. Proceedings to be
published in Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Jan-E Alam et al., eds.
CDF Multi-Muon Events and Singlet Extensions of the MSSM
We discuss a generalization of the minimal supersymmetric extension of the
Standard Model in the form of three additional singlet superfields, which would
explain the essential features of the CDF multi-muon events presented recently:
a large production cross section of ~ 100 pb originates from the production of
a CP-odd scalar A with a mass in the 70 - 80 GeV range and a large value of
tan(beta) ~ 40. The CP-odd scalar A decays dominantly into CP-odd and CP-even
scalars a_1 and h_1, which generate decay cascades h_1 -> 2 h_2 -> 4 a_2 -> 8
tau-leptons, and a_1 -> h_1 a_2 with h_1 decaying as above. The decay a_2 ->
tau+ tau- is slow, leading to a lifetime of O(20) ps. The phenomenology of the
model differs from similar scenarios presented before in that one of the two
cascades leads to 10 instead of 8 tau-leptons, and additional production
processes like associate A production with b b-bar pairs are relevant.Comment: 10 pages, comments on the required total cross section added, to
appear in MPL
A Problematic Set of Two-Loop Self-Energy Corrections
We investigate a specific set of two-loop self-energy corrections involving
squared decay rates and point out that their interpretation is highly
problematic. The corrections cannot be interpreted as radiative energy shifts
in the usual sense. Some of the problematic corrections find a natural
interpretation as radiative nonresonant corrections to the natural line shape.
They cannot uniquely be associated with one and only one atomic level. While
the problematic corrections are rather tiny when expressed in units of
frequency (a few Hertz for hydrogenic P levels) and do not affect the
reliability of quantum electrodynamics at the current level of experimental
accuracy, they may be of importance for future experiments. The problems are
connected with the limitations of the so-called asymptotic-state approximation
which means that atomic in- and out-states in the S-matrix are assumed to have
an infinite lifetime.Comment: 12 pages, 3 figures (New J. Phys., in press, submitted 28th May
The "topological" charge for the finite XX quantum chain
It is shown that an operator (in general non-local) commutes with the
Hamiltonian describing the finite XX quantum chain with certain non-diagonal
boundary terms. In the infinite volume limit this operator gives the
"topological" charge.Comment: 5 page
Evolution of pion HBT radii from RHIC to LHC -- Predictions from ideal hydrodynamics
We present hydrodynamic predictions for the charged pion HBT radii for a
range of initial conditions covering those presumably reached in Pb+Pb
collisions at the LHC. We study central (b=0) and semi-central (b=7fm)
collisions and show the expected increase of the HBT radii and their azimuthal
oscillations. The predicted trends in the oscillation amplitudes reflect a
change of the final source shape from out-of-plane to in-plane deformation as
the initial entropy density is increased.Comment: 6 pages, incl. 5 figures. Contribution to the CERN Theory Institute
Workshop "Heavy Ion Collisions at the LHC -- Last Call for Predictions",
CERN, 14 May - 8 June 2007, to appear in J. Phys.
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