1,058 research outputs found
A flexible architecture for modeling and simulation of diffusional association
Up to now, it is not possible to obtain analytical solutions for complex
molecular association processes (e.g. Molecule recognition in Signaling or
catalysis). Instead Brownian Dynamics (BD) simulations are commonly used to
estimate the rate of diffusional association, e.g. to be later used in
mesoscopic simulations. Meanwhile a portfolio of diffusional association (DA)
methods have been developed that exploit BD.
However, DA methods do not clearly distinguish between modeling, simulation,
and experiment settings. This hampers to classify and compare the existing
methods with respect to, for instance model assumptions, simulation
approximations or specific optimization strategies for steering the computation
of trajectories.
To address this deficiency we propose FADA (Flexible Architecture for
Diffusional Association) - an architecture that allows the flexible definition
of the experiment comprising a formal description of the model in SpacePi,
different simulators, as well as validation and analysis methods. Based on the
NAM (Northrup-Allison-McCammon) method, which forms the basis of many existing
DA methods, we illustrate the structure and functioning of FADA. A discussion
of future validation experiments illuminates how the FADA can be exploited in
order to estimate reaction rates and how validation techniques may be applied
to validate additional features of the model
Rule-based multi-level modeling of cell biological systems
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Proteins, individual cells, and cell populations denote different levels of an organizational hierarchy, each of which with its own dynamics. Multi-level modeling is concerned with describing a system at these different levels and relating their dynamics. Rule-based modeling has increasingly attracted attention due to enabling a concise and compact description of biochemical systems. In addition, it allows different methods for model analysis, since more than one semantics can be defined for the same syntax.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Multi-level modeling implies the hierarchical nesting of model entities and explicit support for downward and upward causation between different levels. Concepts to support multi-level modeling in a rule-based language are identified. To those belong rule schemata, hierarchical nesting of species, assigning attributes and solutions to species at each level and preserving content of nested species while applying rules. Further necessities are the ability to apply rules and flexibly define reaction rate kinetics and constraints on nested species as well as species that are nested within others. An example model is presented that analyses the interplay of an intracellular control circuit with states at cell level, its relation to cell division, and connections to intercellular communication within a population of cells. The example is described in ML-Rules - a rule-based multi-level approach that has been realized within the plug-in-based modeling and simulation framework JAMES II.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>Rule-based languages are a suitable starting point for developing a concise and compact language for multi-level modeling of cell biological systems. The combination of nesting species, assigning attributes, and constraining reactions according to these attributes is crucial in achieving the desired expressiveness. Rule schemata allow a concise and compact description of complex models. As a result, the presented approach facilitates developing and maintaining multi-level models that, for instance, interrelate intracellular and intercellular dynamics.</p
Hunger and market dynamics in pre-modern communities: insights into the effects of market intervention from a multi-agent model
'Nahrungsmittelknappheit und Hungerkrisen waren ein wichtiger Faktor des Lebensstandards in vormodernen stĂ€dtischen Gemeinwesen. Die RĂ€te der Stadt versuchten ĂŒblicherweise, die sich bei solchen Ereignissen ergebende Marktdynamik durch Intervention unter Kontrolle zu halten. Unklar ist allerdings, ob damit der starke Anstieg von Nahrungsmittelpreisen und Löhnen tatsĂ€chlich langfristig gedĂ€mpft werden konnte. Mit einem Multi-Agenten-Modell, in dem in vereinfachter Form die wesentlichen ökonomischen Austauschbeziehungen einer vormodernen Stadt abgebildet sind, werden die Wirkungen von Markteingriffen der stĂ€dtischen Obrigkeit bei Hungersnöten auf die langfristige wirtschaftliche und demographische Entwicklung simuliert. Marktintervention zeigt sich dabei grundsĂ€tzlich als eine Strategie, mit der die wohlfahrtsmindernde Wirkung einer Nahrungsmittelknappheit sehr wohl beschrĂ€nkt werden konnte. Um allerdings zu verhindern, dass sich aus einer Nahrungsmittelknappheit eine Hungerkrise entwickelte, mussten Marktinterventionen zielgerichtet und in mehrere MĂ€rkte gleichzeitig erfolgen, ebenso wie sich ihr wohlfahrtserhaltender Effekt erst nach einiger Zeit entfaltete.' (Autorenreferat)'Food shortages and hunger had been a great threat to the standard of living in urban communities in the Middle Ages and in early modern times. In order to cope with this sort of critical events, local governments and municipal councils commonly tried to control market dynamics, but it is not clear, whether in cases like this the typical market reaction of rising prices of foodstuffs and wages could really be moderated in the long-run through an intervention in markets. In the present article, a simplified multi-agent-based model of the pre-modern urban economy is used which allows a simulation of effects that different strategies of crisis management had on the medium-term and long-range economic and demographic developments in an urban community experiencing a food shortage. Intervention in markets turns out to be a strategic choice of local authorities by which very likely wealth-destroying consequences of food shortages or even famines could be reduced to some extent. A successful intervention preventing a temporary food shortage turning into a substantial nutritional crisis nonetheless had to be goal-directed and of complex design, and showed its full wealth-keeping effects only after a considerably long period of time.' (author's abstract
06161 Abstracts Collection -- Simulation and Verification of Dynamic Systems
From 17.04.06 to 22.04.06, the Dagstuhl Seminar 06161 ``Simulation and Verification of Dynamic Systems\u27\u27 was held in the International Conference and Research Center (IBFI), Schloss Dagstuhl. During the seminar, several participants presented their current research, and ongoing work and open problems were discussed. Abstracts of the presentations given during the seminar as well as abstracts of seminar results and ideas are put together in this paper. The first section describes the seminar topics and goals in general.
Links to extended abstracts or full papers are provided, if available
Perturbed Angular Correlation Studies in SrTi0â Single Crystals
The quadrupole hyperfine interactions of ^111Cd/^111 probe nuclei in single-crystalline SrTiOâ perovskite samples were investigated using Perturbed Angular Correlation spectroscopy. Three electric field gradients were detected and their fractions and hyperfine parameters were measured in the temperature range from 26 to 700 K. The fraction fâ having a vanishing quadrupole frequency, as expected for ^111Cd on substitutional sites in a cubic lattice, starts to develop around 300 K and reaches 100% at 700 K. Two well-defined EFG's having closely lying quadrupole frequencies and asymmetry parameters of Ï_(Q1) = 49.1(3) Mrad/s, η_(1) = 0.10(2) and Ï_(Q2) = 51 8(3) Mrad/s, η_(2)= 0.12(2), at room temperature, were identified in the temperature range from 250 to 530 K, and their (100) orientation in the lattice was determined. They are associated with electronic defects at the probe atoms
On the Response of an OST to a Point-like Heat Source
A new technique of superconducting cavity diagnostics has been introduced by
D. Hartrill at Cornell University, Ithaca, USA. Oscillating Superleak
Transducers (OST) detect the heat transferred from a cavity's quench point via
"Second Sound" through the superfluid He bath, needed to cool the
superconducting cavity. The observed response of an OST is a complex, but
reproducible pattern of oscillations. A small helium evaporation cryostat was
built which allows the investigation of the response of an OST in greater
detail. The distance between a point-like electrical heater and the OST can be
varied. The OST can be mounted either parallel or perpendicular to the plate,
housing the heat source. If the artificial quench-point releases an amount of
energy compatible to a real quench spot on a cavity's surface, the OST signal
starts with a negative pulse, which is usually strong enough to allow automatic
detection. Furthermore, the reflection of the Second Sound on the wall is
observed. A reflection coefficient R = 0.39 +- 0.05 of the glass wall is
measured. This excludes a strong influence of multiple reflections in the
complex OST response. Fourier analyses show three main frequencies, found in
all OST spectra. They can be interpreted as modes of an oscillating circular
membrane.Comment: 10 pages, 16 figure
Structural phase transitions in BaTi0â studied via perturbed angular correlations
Phase transitions in the ferroelectric perovskite BaTiOâ were studied for ^111In-implanted polycrystalline samples by measuring the electric field gradients by means of Perturbed Angular Correlation spectroscopy. The phase transitions between the orthorhombic double left right arrow rhombohedral double left right arrow tetragonal double left right arrow cubic lattices were investigated in 2 - 10 K steps, for increasing and decreasing temperatures, in order to determine their hysteresis. The transition parameters are compared with results from measurements of the spontaneous polarization, electric susceptibility and neutron scattering
Challenges for Modeling and Simulation Methods in Systems Biology
Systems Biology is aimed at analyzing the behavior and
interrelationships of biological systems and is characterized by combining experimentation, theory, and computation. Dedicated to exploring current challenges, the panel brings together people from a variety of disciplines whose perspectives illuminate diverse facets of Systems Biology and the challenges for modeling and simulation methods
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