957 research outputs found
The Second International: The Impact of Domestic Factors on International Organization Dysfunction
Cataloged from PDF version of article.This article explores the role of domestic factors in international organization dysfunction, exemplified by the failure of the Second International to agree on a common stance and policy for the prevention of the First World War. Focusing on the French and cof these socialist parties. It concludes that these domestic differences were the source of discrepancy and lack of orchestrated action among the members of the Second International. As a result of these differences, the Second International failed to coordinate and produce a binding resolution that would commit its members to a uniform action against war, hence culminating in international organization dysfunction. © 2013 The Authors. © 2013 Political Studies Association
Conformal Ricci collineations of static spherically symmetric spacetimes
Conformal Ricci collineations of static spherically symmetric spacetimes are
studied. The general form of the vector fields generating conformal Ricci
collineations is found when the Ricci tensor is non-degenerate, in which case
the number of independent conformal Ricci collineations is \emph{fifteen}; the
maximum number for 4-dimensional manifolds. In the degenerate case it is found
that the static spherically symmetric spacetimes always have an infinite number
of conformal Ricci collineations. Some examples are provided which admit
non-trivial conformal Ricci collineations, and perfect fluid source of the
matter
Building Democracy to Last: The Turkish Experience in Comparative Perspective
This study analyses the relationship between checks and balances and democracy, focusing on Turkey in comparative perspective. In a large-N setting, the effects of checks and balances on the quality of democracy are examined. The findings reinforce the essential relationship between democracy and checks and balances. The article then discusses the implications of the the findings for Turkey. It stresses the need for horizontal accountability via checks and balances vested in different state agencies. In addition to state-level checks and balances, the importance of societal actors as sources of accountability is also elaborated. The study identifies the need for vertical accountability, not only through free elections but also by creating a political setting in which pluralistic media and civil society can thrive. In light of findings, the article stresses the need for a new constitutional framework that can embrace both state- and societal-level checks and balances. © 2015 Taylor & Francis
Modeling Islamist Extremist Communications on Social Media using Contextual Dimensions: Religion, Ideology, and Hate
Terror attacks have been linked in part to online extremist content. Although
tens of thousands of Islamist extremism supporters consume such content, they
are a small fraction relative to peaceful Muslims. The efforts to contain the
ever-evolving extremism on social media platforms have remained inadequate and
mostly ineffective. Divergent extremist and mainstream contexts challenge
machine interpretation, with a particular threat to the precision of
classification algorithms. Our context-aware computational approach to the
analysis of extremist content on Twitter breaks down this persuasion process
into building blocks that acknowledge inherent ambiguity and sparsity that
likely challenge both manual and automated classification. We model this
process using a combination of three contextual dimensions -- religion,
ideology, and hate -- each elucidating a degree of radicalization and
highlighting independent features to render them computationally accessible. We
utilize domain-specific knowledge resources for each of these contextual
dimensions such as Qur'an for religion, the books of extremist ideologues and
preachers for political ideology and a social media hate speech corpus for
hate. Our study makes three contributions to reliable analysis: (i) Development
of a computational approach rooted in the contextual dimensions of religion,
ideology, and hate that reflects strategies employed by online Islamist
extremist groups, (ii) An in-depth analysis of relevant tweet datasets with
respect to these dimensions to exclude likely mislabeled users, and (iii) A
framework for understanding online radicalization as a process to assist
counter-programming. Given the potentially significant social impact, we
evaluate the performance of our algorithms to minimize mislabeling, where our
approach outperforms a competitive baseline by 10.2% in precision.Comment: 22 page
Status of the PANDA barrel DIRC
The PANDA experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Research in Europe GmbH (FAIR) at GSI, Darmstadt will study fundamental questions of hadron physics and QCD using high-intensity cooled antiproton beams with momenta between 1.5 and 15 GeV/c. Hadronic PID in the barrel region of the PANDA detector will be provided by a DIRC (Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light) counter. The design is based on the successful BABAR DIRC with several key improvements, such as fast photon timing and a compact imaging region. Detailed Monte Carlo simulation studies were performed for DIRC designs based on narrow bars or wide plates with a variety of focusing solutions. The performance of each design was characterized in terms of photon yield and single photon Cherenkov angle resolution and a maximum likelihood approach was used to determine the π/K separation. Selected design options were implemented in prototypes and tested with hadronic particle beams at GSI and CERN. This article describes the status of the design and R&D for the PANDA Barrel DIRC detector, with a focus on the performance of different DIRC designs in simulation and particle beams
Learning object relationships which determine the outcome of actions
Peer reviewedPublisher PD
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