Survey on different methods in image compression of Brain Images

The survey of brain and medical image compression methods. Reduce the size of image as image compression. Necessity and importance of compression of an image has been discussed.  Application of the lossy compression technique is multimedia data. Various compression approaches are discussed for two categories. Also brain image compression techniques are highlighted, in addition with, quantitative comparisons between different compression methods. Also advantages and disadvantages of each method are discussed

Pengembangan Media Cd Interaktif untuk Meningkatkan Motivasi Belajar Siswa Kelas VII di SMPN 27 Surabaya

Penelitian ini berawal dari fenomena pendidikan, terutama di kalangan siswa sekolah menengah pertama yang saat ini masih kurang dalam motivasi belajar. Motivasi sangat penting dalam belajar untuk mencapai prestasi belajar. Kurangnya motivasi belajar pada siswa akan mengakibatkan kurang perhatian terhadap pelajaran, berbicara ketika pelajaran berlangsung dan kurang aktif bertanya. Dengan demikian akan mengakibatkan siswa tidak maju dalam proses belajar dan sulit untuk mencapai tujuan belajar dengan baik. Hal tersebut membuat pentingnya pemahaman mengenai motivasi belajar untuk siswa SMP khususnya kelas VII. Tujuan penelitian ini  adalah menghasilkan produk berupa CD Interaktif sebagai media untuk memberi pemahaman tentang meningkatkan motivasi belajar yang memenuhi kriteria akseptabilitas mencakup aspek kegunaan, kelayakan, ketepatan, dan kepatutan. Model pengembangan yang dalam penelitian ini diadaptasi dari prosedur pengembangan Borg & Gall ( 1983 ) dalam ( Setyosari, 2012 ) bahwa model ini menggariskan langkah-langkah seperti penelitian dan pengumpulan informasi awal, perencanaa,pengembangan format produk awal, uji coba awal, revisi produk, uji coba calon pengguna, rvisi produk. Dari hasil uji coba dengan ahli materi diperoleh rerata presentase sebesar 83,43 %, hasil ahli media diperoleh 95,04 %, dan hasil uji coba dengan calon pengguna diperoleh rerata 95,33 %. Selanjutnya rata – rata dari semua presentase hasil validasi adalah 91,26. Setelah mendapatkan data tersebut dihasilkan pula kualitatif berupa saran atau masukan untuk perbaikan produk. Berdasarkan hasil penilaian tersebut, media CD Interaktif untuk meningkatkan motivasi belajar siswa telah memenuhi kriteria akseptabilitas dengan predikat sangat baik dan dapat digunakan oleh konselor dalam memberikan layanan informasi di sekolah. Kata Kunci : Pengembangan, Media, Motivasi Belajar, CD Interakti

The FOXO1 inhibitor AS1842856 triggers apoptosis in glioblastoma multiforme and basal-like breast cancer cells

Basal-like breast cancer (BBC) and glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) are poor-prognosis cancers that lack effective targeted therapies and harbor embryonic stem gene expression signatures. Recently, our group and others found that forkhead box transcription factor FOXO1 promotes stem gene expression in BBC and GBM cell lines. Given the critical role of cancer stem cells in promoting cancer progression, we examined the impact of FOXO1 inhibition with AS1842856 (a cell-permeable small molecule that directly binds to unphosphorylated FOXO1 protein to block transcriptional regulation) on BBC and GBM cell viability. We treated a set of BBC and GBM cancer cell lines with increasing concentrations of AS1842856 and found reduced colony formation. Treatment of BBC and GBM cancer cells with AS1842856 led to increases in FAS (FAS cell surface death receptor) and BIM (BCL2L11) gene expression, as well as increased positivity for markers for apoptosis such as annexin V and propidium iodide. Treatment with another FOXO1 inhibitor AS1708727 or FOXO1 RNAi also led to FAS induction. This work is the first to show that targeting BBC and GBM with FOXO1 inhibition leads to apoptosis. These novel findings may ultimately expand the repertoire of therapies for poor-prognosis cancers

CRISPR Cas9 Genome Editing in Human Cell Lines with DONOR Vector Made by Gibson Assembly

CRISPR Cas9 genome editing allows researchers to modify genesin a multitude of ways including to obtain deletions, epitope-tagged loci, and knock-in mutations. Within six years of its initial application, CRISPR Cas9 genome editing has become widely employed, but disadvantages to this method, such as low modification efficiencies and off-target effects,need careful consideration. Obtaining custom donor vectors can also be expensive and time consuming. This chapter details strategies to overcome barriers to CRISPR Cas9 genome editing as well as recent developments in employing this technique

PI3K Pathway Inhibition with NVP-BEZ235 Hinders Glycolytic Metabolism in Glioblastoma Multiforme Cells

Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain cancer that lacks effective molecular targeted therapies. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway is activated in 90% of all Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) tumors. To gain insight into the impact of the PI3K pathway on GBM metabolism, we treated U87MG GBM cells with NVP-BEZ235 (PI3K and mTOR a dual inhibitor) and identified differentially expressed genes with RNA-seq analysis. RNA-seq identified 7803 differentially regulated genes in response to NVP-BEZ235. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) identified two glycolysis-related gene sets that were significantly enriched (p \u3c 0.05) in control samples compared to NVP-BEZ235-treated samples. We validated the inhibition of glycolytic genes by NVP-BEZ235 and examined the impact of the FOXO1 inhibitor (AS1842856) on these genes in a set of GBM cell lines. FOXO1 inhibition alone was associated with reduced LDHA expression, but not ENO1 or PKM2. Bioinformatics analyses revealed that PI3K-impacted glycolytic genes were over-expressed and co-expressed in GBM clinical samples. The elevated expression of PI3K-impacted glycolytic genes was associated with poor prognosis in GBM based on Kaplan–Meier survival analyses. Our results suggest novel insights into hallmark metabolic reprogramming associated with the PI3K-mTOR dual inhibition

Role of Glycolytic Metabolism in Glioblastoma Multiforme

PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is activated in 90% of all Glioblastoma Multiforme (GBM) tumors. We used a dual targeting approach to interfere with the phosphoinositide 3-kinase- mammalian target of rapamycin (PI3K-mTOR) pathway by treating U87MG GBM cells with NVP-BEZ235 (PI3K and mTOR a dual inhibitor) and, their downstream effects on molecular regulation on glycolytic genes were investigated using RNA-sequencing and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). RNA-seq identified 7803 differentially regulated genes in response to NVP-BEZ235. GSEA identified two glycolysis-related gene sets had significant differences (P \u3c 0.05) in gene expression between control and NVP-BEZ235 treated samples. The GSEA core enrichment reported 17 and 35 genes were significantly downregulated (P adj \u3c 0.05) in response to NVP-BEZ235 treatment in two different glycolysis related gene sets. We validated the expression of genes using qRT-PCR in U87MG cells as well as other GBM cell lines. Our results suggest novel insights on hallmark metabolic reprogramming associated with the PI3K-mTOR inhibition and provides advances in developing molecular targeted therapies

Total Synthesis of (+)-Mupirocin H from d-Glucose

Enantioselective total synthesis of mupirocin H is accomplished starting from d-glucose featuring strategic application of d-glucose derived chirality, diastereoselective Still–Barrish hydroboration, and further elaboration of carbon chain to furnish a phenyltetrazolyl sulfone intermediate, which on coupling with (2S,3S)-2-methyl-3-(triisopropylsilyloxy)butanal under Julia–Kocienski olefination conditions gave an advanced E-olefinic intermediate selectively. The E-olefin was transformed to the 4-hydroxynitrile, a prefinal substrate, which on acid-catalyzed oxidative lactonization furnished the target molecule mupirocin H in 19 steps from known compound 6 (longest linear sequence) with an overall yield of 4.96%

Digital Image Processing By Using Pass Band Modulation Techniques

Now a days there is use of telecommunication is day today life. Use of Carrier Wave modulation techniques for the image processing is the challenge in the field of communication. This paper introduces the Digital image processing using shift keing techniques. The selection of modulation scheme depends on Bit Error Rate (BER), Peak Signal to Noise Ratio (PSNR), Available Bandwidth. The basic criteria for best modulation technique are Power efficiency, better Quality of Service, cost effectiveness, bandwidth efficiency and system complexity

Synthesis and characterization of Boc-protected 4-amino-and 5-amino-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl esters

Syntheses of Boc-protected 4-amino- and 5-amino-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid methyl esters have been achieved and the structures of these compounds have been fully characterized by detailed NMR studies