JIEDDO Test Board operational interactions and enduser analysis of the information flow process

Improvised Explosive Devices continue to harass, maim, and kill innocent men, women, and children, as well as numerous coalition and U.S. forces. To combat this terror, the U.S. government has employed significant resources across a diverse range of dedicated researchers and testers. The urgency of their task cannot be overemphasized. However, in working so diligently to test the separate components of a defeat system, it is hypothesized that opportunities are being missed which could effectively utilize all of the information available across the test enterprise. The purpose of this thesis is to identify the organizations and activities involved, the information shared, and the processes employed by organizations within the JIEDDO Test Board (JTB). The objective is to provide an accurate representation of the process, and where the main decision points and bottlenecks occur. The conclusions achieved by this research are provided to enhance the JIEDDO test process system. The goal of this study of the JIEDDO process is to contribute to improving information sharing and knowledge management among stakeholders involved in the JIEDDO Test Board Enterprise.http://archive.org/details/jieddotestboardo109455694Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

LANDING PATTERNS AFTER BLOCK IN VOLLEYBALL: APLICATION FOR ACL INJURY

The aim of the present study was to describe landing patterns during initial phase (0-30° knee flexion) of “go” landing after block in volleyball. Nineteen elite female volleyball players served as participants in this study. Eight infrared cameras and two force platforms were employed to collect the kinematic and kinetic data. The players used four different landing patterns during initial phase of the “go” landing after block. The players landed with different knee angle positions at initial contact depending on landing pattern. Results of the current study generally suggest that players may protect the ACL during the initial phase of landing by decreasing knee frontal plane angle and moment in direction from valgus to varus position

BAREFOOT RUNNING WITH ELONGATED OR SHORTENED ACHILLES TENDON AFTER RUPTURE

The aim of this study was to compare the internal abduction moment in the knee joint during barefoot (BF) running by athletes who have experienced Achilles tendon (AT) rupture compared to a control group. The study featured 14 recreational runners without other acutemusculo-skeletal injuries. Three groups were created: with a shortened AT (n = 3), with an elongated AT (n = 6), and a control group (n = 5). Kinematic and ground reaction force data were synchronized and then used to calculate the internal abduction moment in the knee. The normalized maximum values of internal abduction moment in the knee joint of the affected limb for the experimental groups exceeded those for the healthy subjects(ES > 0.81). These data suggest that biomechanical risk factors for knee osteoarthritis in limbs with a history of AT rupture may be increased during BF running

Marker Placement Reliability and Objectivity for Biomechanical Cohort Study: Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment (Haie—Program 4)

In large cohort studies, due to the time-consuming nature of the measurement of movement biomechanics, more than one evaluator needs to be involved. This may increase the potential occurrence of error due to inaccurate positioning of markers to the anatomical locations. The pur-pose of this study was to determine the reliability and objectivity of lower limb segments length by multiple evaluators in a large cohort study concerning healthy aging in an industrial environment. A total of eight evaluators performed marker placements on five participants on three different days. Evaluators placed markers bilaterally on specific anatomical locations of the pelvis, thigh, shank and foot. On the right foot, markers were placed in anatomical locations to define a multi-segmental foot model. The position of the marker at the anatomical locations was recorded by a motion capture system. The reliability and objectivity of lower limb segment lengths was deter-mined by the intraclass correlation coefficient of a two-way random model and of the two-way mixed model, respectively. For all evaluators for all segments, the average reliability and objectivity was greater than 0.8, except for the metatarsus segment (0.683). Based on these results, we can con-clude that multiple evaluators can be engaged in a large cohort study in the placement of anatomical markers

Achilles tendon structure is associated with regular running volume and biomechanics

Achilles tendinopathy was reported to have the highest incidence proportion of all running-related injuries. The purpose of this study was to analyse the association between the Achilles tendon structure and running activity status. 350 healthy participants (runners and inactive controls, 30-50 years) partici pated in this research. Each participant completed questionnaires: socioeconomic, psychological, physi cal activity habits, running status and history and VISA-A. Magnetic resonance imaging, anthropological, running biomechanics and 14 days of physical activity monitoring assessments were performed. There was a higher odd of being in the upper quartile of the Achilles tendon T2* relaxation time with higher maximal knee extension moment independent of age and sex. Compared with runners who ran 21–40 km per week, non-runners and those who ran more than 40 km per week had increased odds of having longest the Achilles tendon T2* relaxation time. Regular running of 21 to 40 km per week is related to the Achilles tendon T2* relaxation time indicating possibly better water content and collagen orientation in these runners with compare to inactive non-runners or highly active individuals. In addition, Achilles tendon T2* relaxation time as indirect indicator of the Achilles tendon structure was positively related to the maximal knee extension moment during running.Web of Science41439038

Running and Physical Activity in an Air-Polluted Environment: The Biomechanical and Musculoskeletal Protocol for a Prospective Cohort Study 4HAIE (Healthy Aging in Industrial Environment—Program 4)

Far too little attention has been paid to health effects of air pollution and physical (in)activity on musculoskeletal health. The purpose of the Healthy aging in industrial environment study (4HAIE) is to investigate the potential impact of physical activity in highly polluted air on musculoskeletal health. A total of 1500 active runners and inactive controls aged 18–65 will be recruited. The sample will be recruited using quota sampling based on location (the most air-polluted region in EU and a control region), age, sex, and activity status. Participants will complete online questionnaires and undergo a two-day baseline laboratory assessment, including biomechanical, physiological, psychological testing, and magnetic resonance imaging. Throughout one-year, physical activity data will be collected through Fitbit monitors, along with data regarding the incidence of injuries, air pollution, psychological factors, and behavior collected through a custom developed mobile application. Herein, we introduce a biomechanical and musculoskeletal protocol to investigate musculoskeletal and neuro-mechanical health in this 4HAIE cohort, including a design for controlling for physiological and psychological injury factors. In the current ongoing project, we hypothesize that there will be interactions of environmental, biomechanical, physiological, and psychosocial variables and that these interactions will cause musculoskeletal diseases/protection

BIOMECHANICS IN THE 4HAIE STUDY: AIR POLLUTION AND MUSCULOSKELETAL HEALTH - AN UPDATE

The overall purpose of the 4HAIE study was to assess the influence of the interaction between air pollution and biomechanical, physiological and psychosocial factors on the incidence of injuries, health and well-being. A total of 1,500 active runners and inactive controls aged 18-65 will be recruited. Herein, we describe the biomechanical study design with data examples to investigate musculoskeletal and neuro-mechanics health in different air quality regions

AEGIS and Ship Self-Defense (SSDS) Platforms: Using KVA Analysis, Risk Simulation and Strategic Real Options to Assess Operational Effectiveness

Sponsored Report (for Acquisition Research Program)Modern, analytical tools are critical to understand the impact of open architecture technology and open business models on naval warfighting processes and procedures. These tools must measure the operational value of a system from an end-user, warfighter perspective, identify areas of deficiencies in capabilities, and flag areas for potential acquisitions. One advantage of examining open architected system upgrade options from a warfighter perspective is that the new systems can be integrated with reengineered processes more easily leading to improved process performance. This perspective, using OA to upgrade existing IWS systems, ensures that upgrades will lead to improved warfighting capabilities. Traditional measurement tools used for cost analysis cannot calculate the total value of upgrading a system to support an improved warfighting capability, particularly the improved operational value resulting from reengineering of warfighting processes. The Knowledge Value Added/Real Options (KVA+RO) Valuation Framework is a tool designed to assist decision-makers in making technology acquisitions. This paper describes research using the KVA+RO framework for estimating return on investment, in an open architecture approach, to upgrading and/or replacing aging IWS AEGIS and SSDS systems. The results of the research indicated that using the open architecture (OA)model, in combination with the ''leave and layer'' approach, was approximately five times more valuable than the current proprietary approach to system replacement and was approximately twice as valuable as a complete retrofit and replace strategy. ''Leave and layer'' provided the highest return on investment for replacing the AEGIS system with the lowest risk. The ultimate success of the OA approach is dependent on the ability of the multiple parties to system development and deployment to collaborate. Collaboration, along with the tools that facilitate collaboration, is critical to the success of any of the OA approaches.Naval Postgraduate School Acquisition Research ProgramApproved for public release; distribution is unlimited

AEGIS and Ship Self-Defense System (SSDS) platforms: using KVA analysis, risk simulation and strategic real options to assess operational effectiveness

Acquisition research (Graduate School of Business & Public Policy)Modern, analytical tools are critical to understand the impact of open architecture technology and business models on naval warfighting processes and procedures. The Knowledge Value Added/Real Options (KVA+RO) Valuation Framework is a tool set designed to assist decision-makers in making technology acquisitions. This paper describes research using the KVA+RO framework for estimating return on investment, in an open architecture approach, to upgrading and/or replacing the aging IWS AEGIS and SSDS systems. The results of the research demonstrated that the leave and layer approach for incrementally replacing AEGIS system modules was the most valuable strategic option, providing the highest return on investment with the lowest risk. This study measured the operational value of various system replacement options from an end-user perspective, identified areas of deficiencies in capabilities, and flagged areas for potential system improvements and acquisitions. The potential costs and cost savings for each option were also calculated.Approved for public release; distribution is unlimited

Risk types of landing in volleyball for ACL injury

This action is realized by the project NEXLIZ - CZ.1.07/2.3.00/30.0038, which is co-financed by the European social fund and the state budget of the Czech republic