3 research outputs found
Evaluation of the Impacts of Taurine on Oxidative Stress Indices in Sera and Brain of Rats Exposed to Cypermethrin
Cypermethrin is a pyrethroid insecticide applied for pest control on
animals and the environment. Taurine is a putative antioxidant and
bioprotective amino acid. The purpose of the research was to evaluate
the impacts of taurine on oxidative stress indices in the sera and
brains of rats exposed to cypermethrin. Forty rats were assigned to
five groups of eight rats each. Distilled water was given to the first
group, while the second group received soya oil (2 ml/kg). Cypermethrin
(20 mg/kg) was administered to the third group. The
Taurine50+Cypermethrin group received taurine (50 mg/kg) and
cypermethrin, while the Taurine100+Cypermethrin group was administered
with taurine (100 mg/kg) and Cypermethrin. The treatments were given
once daily by oral gavage for 35 days. Sera were obtained from the
blood samples of the rats after the completion of the study for the
determination of the oxidative stress indices (malondialdehyde
concentration and the activities of antioxidant enzymes). Oxidative
stress indices were analysed in the brains. Taurine significantly
(P< 0.05) augmented the superoxide dismutase activity in the sera.
However, other oxidative stress indices were not ameliorated by taurine
in the sera and the brains. Cypermethrin (20 mg/kg) did not overtly
evoke oxidative stress in the sera and the brains of the rats in this
study, probably because it is a moderately toxic insecticide. This is
the first study that has investigated the effects of taurine on
cypermethrin toxicity. Further research is warranted to expound the
mechanisms of action of taurine and cypermethrin in biological systems
Global, regional, and national incidence of six major immune-mediated inflammatory diseases: findings from the global burden of disease study 2019
Background The causes for immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMIDs) are diverse and the incidence trends of IMIDs from specific causes are rarely studied. The study aims to investigate the pattern and trend of IMIDs from 1990 to 2019. Methods We collected detailed information on six major causes of IMIDs, including asthma, inflammatory bowel disease, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, and atopic dermatitis, between 1990 and 2019, derived from the Global Burden of Disease study in 2019. The average annual percent change (AAPC) in number of incidents and age standardized incidence rate (ASR) on IMIDs, by sex, age, region, and causes, were calculated to quantify the temporal trends. Findings In 2019, rheumatoid arthritis, atopic dermatitis, asthma, multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, inflammatory bowel disease accounted 1.59%, 36.17%, 54.71%, 0.09%, 6.84%, 0.60% of overall new IMIDs cases, respectively. The ASR of IMIDs showed substantial regional and global variation with the highest in High SDI region, High-income North America, and United States of America. Throughout human lifespan, the age distribution of incident cases from six IMIDs was quite different. Globally, incident cases of IMIDs increased with an AAPC of 0.68 and the ASR decreased with an AAPC of −0.34 from 1990 to 2019. The incident cases increased across six IMIDs, the ASR of rheumatoid arthritis increased (0.21, 95% CI 0.18, 0.25), while the ASR of asthma (AAPC = −0.41), inflammatory bowel disease (AAPC = −0.72), multiple sclerosis (AAPC = −0.26), psoriasis (AAPC = −0.77), and atopic dermatitis (AAPC = −0.15) decreased. The ASR of overall and six individual IMID increased with SDI at regional and global level. Countries with higher ASR in 1990 experienced a more rapid decrease in ASR. Interpretation The incidence patterns of IMIDs varied considerably across the world. Innovative prevention and integrative management strategy are urgently needed to mitigate the increasing ASR of rheumatoid arthritis and upsurging new cases of other five IMIDs, respectively. Funding The Global Burden of Disease Study is funded by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation. The project funded by Scientific Research Fund of Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences & Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital (2022QN38)