114 research outputs found
Der Einfluss von Klimavariabilität auf aquatische Nahrungsnetze: Der Einfluss von Klimavariabilität auf aquatische Nahrungsnetze
In den gemäßigten Breiten zeigte
sich die allgemeine Erwärmung
der letzten Jahrzehnte
insbesondere im Winter und im
zeitigen Frühjahr. Dementsprechend
traten Veränderungen in
der Phänologie, dem zeitlichen
Verlauf von Populations- und
Entwicklungsprozessen von Organismen
(z. B. Zeitpunkt der
Knospung bei Pflanzen oder der
Laichperiode bei Fischen), vor
allem im Frühjahr auf. Obwohl
generell eine frühere und beschleunigte
Entwicklung als
Reaktion auf die Erwärmung
beobachtet wurde, zeigten sich
doch Unterschiede in der Sensitivität
von Organismen. Dadurch
kann es in Nahrungsnetzen
zu Match- oder Mismatch-
Situationen in Räuber-Beute
Beziehungen kommen. Am
Beispiel der komplexen Interaktionen
im Nahrungsnetz der
Talsperre Saidenbach wird der
Einfluss verschiedener Erwärmungsszenarien
auf Schlüsselorganismen
und deren Interaktionen
im Nahrungsnetz und
letztlich auf die Wassergüte in
dieser Trinkwassertalsperre im
Rahmen des DFG-Schwerpunktprogramms
AQUASHIFT
analysiert.In temperate regions, the warming
trends of the last decades
have been observed primarily in
winter and early spring. Accordingly,
changes in the phenology
of individual species, e.g.
sprouting in plants or spawning
of fish, occurred mainly in
spring. Although the general
pattern is earlier and faster development
in response to
warming, differences in sensitivity
have been apparent between
species, potentially giving
rise to match or mismatch scenarios
in predator-prey relations.
The impact of warming scenarios
on key species, their interactions
and ultimately on the
water quality is studied at Saidenbach
Reservoir within the
framework of the DFG priority
program AQUASHIFT
Diffuse reflection of ultracold neutrons from low-roughness surfaces
We report a measurement of the reflection of ultracold neutrons from flat, large-area plates of different Fermi potential materials with low surface roughness. The results were used to test two diffuse reflection models, the well-known Lambert model and the micro-roughness model which is based on wave scattering. The Lambert model fails to reproduce the diffuse reflection data. The surface roughness b and correlation length w , obtained by fitting the micro-roughness model to the data are in the range 1 b 3 nm and 10 w 120 nm, in qualitative agreement with independent measurements using atomic force microscop
Coping with Temperature at the Warm Edge – Patterns of Thermal Adaptation in the Microbial Eukaryote Paramecium caudatum
Ectothermic organisms are thought to be severely affected by global warming since their physiological performance is directly dependent on temperature. Latitudinal and temporal variations in mean temperatures force ectotherms to adapt to these complex environmental conditions. Studies investigating current patterns of thermal adaptation among populations of different latitudes allow a prediction of the potential impact of prospective increases in environmental temperatures on their fitness.In this study, temperature reaction norms were ascertained among 18 genetically defined, natural clones of the microbial eukaryote Paramecium caudatum. These different clones have been isolated from 12 freshwater habitats along a latitudinal transect in Europe and from 3 tropical habitats (Indonesia). The sensitivity to increasing temperatures was estimated through the analysis of clone specific thermal tolerances and by relating those to current and predicted temperature data of their natural habitats. All investigated European clones seem to be thermal generalists with a broad thermal tolerance and similar optimum temperatures. The weak or missing co-variation of thermal tolerance with latitude does not imply local adaptation to thermal gradients; it rather suggests adaptive phenotypic plasticity among the whole European subpopulation. The tested Indonesian clones appear to be locally adapted to the less variable, tropical temperature regime and show higher tolerance limits, but lower tolerance breadths.Due to the lack of local temperature adaptation within the European subpopulation, P. caudatum genotypes at the most southern edge of their geographic range seem to suffer from the predicted increase in magnitude and frequency of summer heat waves caused by climate change
Spontaneous parthenogenesis in Mus musculus: comparison of protein synthesis in parthenogenetic and normal preimplantation embryos.
In preimplantation stages of normal and spontaneously activated parthenogenetic embryos of the LT/Sv mouse strain, protein synthesis was analyzed by using two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Fertilization and parthenogenetic activation cause similar changes polypeptide synthesis when compared with those of unfertilized eggs. The overt developmental delay of early parthenotes, which is probably due to an initial retarded activation in comparison with normal fertilization, is documented molecularly by a similar delay in their protein synthesis pattern. These differences are clearly visible at the two-cell stage but gradually disappear during further cleavage. The basic protein patterns of normal and parthenogenetic embryos are remarkably similar up to the blastocyst stage. However, quantitative differences occur in all preimplantation embryos analyzed and become more distinct at the blastocyst stage. In addition, only minor qualitative changes appear during late preimplantation. These alterations in protein synthesis may reflect at the molecular level early events in abnormal development of parthenotes. Our biochemical results are discussed in context with biological experiments rescuing parthenogenetic LT/Sv embryos by chimera formation
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