Akzeptanz und Umweltvertraeglichkeit von Windenergieparks Eine Herausforderung an die Planungspraxis

A concise survey is given of environmental impacts caused by wind parks. It deserves credit that the social compatibility of wind parks is discussed in great detail and with regard to the public opinion and acceptance. The current practice of wind park planning and licensing at home and abroad is discussed. Definite proposals are made concerning the avoidance and/or minimization of wind park problems through political circumspection and intensive cooperation between the owners, the administrative authorities and the public. This practice-oriented, critical study competently analyzes the different experiences gained at home and abroad. The facts and figures which were gathered from discussions and debates are completed by a comprehensive literature review. (orig./UA)Mit der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein komprimierter Ueberblick ueber die Windenergieparks (WEP) verbundenen Umweltauswirkungen vermittelt. Besonders anerkennenswert erscheint dabei die intensive Auseinandersetzung mit der sozialen Vertraeglichkeit als Voraussetzung fuer die Akzeptanz seitens der Oeffentlichkeit. Schwergewichtig wird daran anschliessend abgehandelt, wie derzeitig im In- und Ausland zustaendige Planungs- und Genehmigungsbehoerden mit diesen neuen Projekten umgehen. Abschliessend werden konkrete Vorschlaege unterbreitet, wie im politischen Raum mit besonderer Umsicht und einem hohen Mass an Kooperation zwischen Betreibern, Verwaltung und Oeffentlichkeit die mit WEP verbundenen Probleme vermieden und/oder minimiert werden koennen. Die Besonderheit der Arbeit liegt in der Praxisorientierung. Mit kritischem Sachverstand werden unterschiedliche Erfahrungen im In- und Ausland aufgearbeitet. Ergaenzt werden die in zahlreichen Gespraechen gewonnenen Erkenntnisse durch eine umfangreiche Literaturarbeit. (orig./UA)Revised edition of a diploma thesisSIGLEAvailable from TIB Hannover / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekDEGerman

Diffuser concepts for in-situ wavefront measurements of EUV projection optics

With the introduction of the NXE:3400B scanner, ASML has brought EUV to High-Volume Manufacturing for sub10nm node lithography. And work has already been started on a successor high-NA system with NA=0.55. For both these systems, node resolution will go down faster than NA increases, resulting in decreasing k1-factors and tightening of aberration requirements. A crucial component for measuring and controlling aberrations in-situ is a diffuser to fill the full pupil of the projection optics appropriately. This paper presents several new diffuser concepts, both reflective as well as transmissive, with their respective key performance metrics for both NA=0.33 and NA=0.55 EUV projection optics. These concepts can be used for measuring wavefront quality from dedicated fiducial plates, or for measuring directly from the imaging reticle. The latter would enable a combination of reticle alignment with lens aberration control without throughput penalty. It will be shown that with these diffuser concepts, we have a solution for in-situ aberration control for 5nm nodes and below

Multiple victimization and social exclusion: a grounded analysis of the life stories of women

This work explores life stories of socially excluded women who experienced multiple victimization. It seeks to understand the existential dimension of victimization experience, particularly how victims integrate their victimization experiences in their meaning or sense that they give to their existence and their lives. The study included 12 participants who suffered multiple victimization and who were in a situation of social exclusion. Individual interviews were conducted about their life stories, adapted from McAdams interview. The qualitative methodology used was grounded analysis. The results highlighted the focus of their life stories in violence suffered in adulthood, specifically, in intimacy. It was found that being from Black race, having a low socioeconomic status, and being unemployed, seemed to increase victimization vulnerability. Despite the several types of violence, participants do not describe and give meaning to the multiple feature of victimization. However, victimization is the matrix of their life story, expressing itself in a discourse of vulnerability/fragility. Furthermore, some women revealed discourses of resistance that may reflect the concept of postvictimization growth, in which they conceptualize positive changes arising from victimization experiences. From a humanistic and existentialist perspective, victimization might provide some sense of personal unity to these women's troubled lives.- The author(s) disclosed receipt of the following financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article: Work funded by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT-Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia), project "Multiple Victimisation of Socially Excluded Women: The Intersection of Meanings and Trajectories of Change" (PTDC/PSI-APL/113885/2009).info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio