Precision of the current methods to measure the alkenone proxy UK'37 and absolute alkenone abundance in sediments : results of an interlaboratory comparison study

Measurements of the UK'37 index and the absolute abundance of alkenones in marine sediments are increasingly used in paleoceanographic research as proxies of past sea surface temperature and haptophyte (mainly coccolith-bearing species) primary productivity, respectively. An important aspect of these studies is to be able to compare reliably data obtained by different laboratories from a wide variety of locations. Hence the intercomparability of data produced by the research community is essential. Here we report results from an anonymous interlaboratory comparison study involving 24 of the leading laboratories that carry out alkenone measurements worldwide. The majority of laboratories produce data that are intercomparable within the considered confidence limits. For the measurement of alkenone concentrations, however, there are systematic biases between laboratories, which might be related to the techniques employed to quantify the components. The maximum difference between any two laboratories for any two single measurements of UK'37 in sediments is estimated, with a probability of 95%, to be <2.18C. In addition, the overall within-laboratory precision for the UK'37 temperature estimates is estimated to be <1.68C (95% probability). Similarly, from the analyses of alkenone concentrations the interlaboratory reproducibility is estimated at 32%, and the repeatability is estimated at 24%. The former is compared to a theoretical estimate of reproducibility and found to be excessively high. Hence there is certainly scope and a demonstrable need to improve reproducibility and repeatability of UK'37 and especially alkenone quantification data across the community of scientists involved in alkenone research

Precision of the current methods to measure the alkenone proxy U₃₇ K’ and absolute alkenone abundance in sediments: results of an interlaboratory comparison study

Measurements of the U₃₇ K’ index and the absolute abundance of alkenones in marine sediments are increasingly used in paleoceanographic research as proxies of past sea surface temperature and haptophyte (mainly coccolith-bearing species) primary productivity, respectively. An important aspect of these studies is to be able to compare reliably data obtained by different laboratories from a wide variety of locations. Hence the intercomparability of data produced by the research community is essential. Here we report results from an anonymous interlaboratory comparison study involving 24 of the leading laboratories that carry out alkenone measurements worldwide. The majority of laboratories produce data that are intercomparable within the considered confidence limits. For the measurement of alkenone concentrations, however, there are systematic biases between laboratories, which might be related to the techniques employed to quantify the components. The maximum difference between any two laboratories for any two single measurements of U₃₇ K’ in sediments is estimated, with a probability of 95%, to be <2.1°C. In addition, the overall within-laboratory precision for the U₃₇ K’ temperature estimates is estimated to be <1.6°C (95% probability). Similarly, from the analyses of alkenone concentrations the interlaboratory reproducibility is estimated at 32%, and the repeatability is estimated at 24%. The former is compared to a theoretical estimate of reproducibility and found to be excessively high. Hence there is certainly scope and a demonstrable need to improve reproducibility and repeatability of U₃₇ K’ and especially alkenone quantification data across the community of scientists involved in alkenone research

Hole formation and transfer in poly[9,9-di(ethylhexyl)fluorene] and an amine end-capped derivative in solution.

Pulse radiolysis has been used to study the positively charged state of isolated chains of poly[9,9-di(ethylhexyl)fluorene] in chloroform solution. This is found to have an absorption maximum at 560 nm and a weaker band around 420 nm. Intermolecular electron transfer is observed from the aromatic amine tri(p-tolylamine) to this species. With the corresponding polyfluorene derivative end-capped by an arylamine, intramolecular transfer of electrons from the triphenylamine end-cap to the positively charged polyfluorene chain is found on timescales faster than the detection time of the system (ca. 500 ns).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/B6TFN-4BFVRCF-5/1/96f5575d22e4c0ef6aa08c7e4cfe88a