A study on the defluoridation in water by using natural soil

Removal of excess fluoride (F−) from the water has been attempted by several authors by using different materials both natural and artificial. The main aim of this paper was to attempt the fluoride removal by using the locally available red soil adopting column method. The red soil was mixed in different proportion with sand in order to increase the porosity and permeability property of the medium. It was optimized for 4:1 ratio of red soil to sand and it was used for the following experiment. The experiment was conducted in 11 batches for a period of about 9,213 min. Fresh standard solution of F was used in each batch, prepared from Orion 1,000 ppm solution. The samples were collected and analyzed for pH, EC (Electrical Conductivity) and HCO3. Rate of flow of water and efficiency of adsorption were calculated and compared with the fluoride removal capacities of the medium. The medium used for the fluoride removal was subjected to FTIR analysis before and after the experiment. The variation of IR spectrum before and after treatment signifies the changes in the OH bonding between Al and Fe ions present in the soil. The variation in pH decreased during the course of defluoridation. Higher F removal was noted when flow rate was lesser. An attempt on the regeneration of the fluoride adsorbed soil was also made and found to be effective

Hydrochemical Characteristics and Groundwater Quality Assessment in Krishnagiri District, Tamilnadu, India

The hydrochemical characteristics of groundwater in Krishnagiri district, Tamilnadu have been evaluated based on different indices for drinking, irrigation and industrial uses. Groundwater samples were collected from 34 boreholes and analyzed for chemical parameters. The abundance of the major ions is in order of: Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ and HCO3- > Cl-> NO3- > SO4 2-. Interpretation of analytical data shows three major hydrochemical facies: Ca-HCO3, Ca-Na-HCO3 and Ca-Mg-Cl. The concentration of Ca2+ and SO4 2- is well within the desirable limit in all the locations. The SAR, RSC and Na% showsthat most of the samples are suitable for irrigation. High values of TH and CR at manylocations restrict its use for industrial purpose

A study on hydrochemical elucidation of coastal groundwater in and around Kalpakkam region, Southern India

The chemical composition of 29 bore well water samples throughout the Kalpakkam region, South India, was determined to identify the major hydrogeochemical processes and the suitability of groundwater for domestic and irrigation purposes. The hydrochemical data were analyzed with reference to World Health Organization (WHO) standards and their hydrochemical facies were determined. The Piper plot shows that most of the groundwater samples fall in the field of mixed calcium–sodium–bicarbonate type followed by sodium–chloride, calcium–bicarbonate and mixed calcium–magnesium–chloride water types. The concentration of total dissolved solids exceeds the desirable limit in about 14% of samples; alkalinity values exceed the desirable limit in about 34% of the samples. The concentration of sulphate is well within the desirable limit at all the locations. The dominance of various heavy metals in the groundwater followed the sequence: Zn > Fe > Mn > Cu > Ni > Pb > Cr > Cd. Among the metal ions, the concentration of chromium and cadmium are within the permissible limit. Data are plotted on the US Salinity Laboratory diagram, which illustrates that most of the samples fall in the field of high salinity and low sodium hazard, which can be used to irrigate salt tolerant and semi-tolerant crops under favorable drainage conditions. Based on the analytical results, chemical indices like sodium adsorption ratio and residual sodium carbonate were calculated which show that most of the samples are good for irrigation

Study on the Significance of Temporal Ion Chemistry in Groundwater of Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India

The demand of water supply is increasing day by day to meet the pace of developments in domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors especially in developing countries like India. Groundwater being a scarce commodity in a hard rock terrain like Dindigul district an attempt has been made in this studybrings out the significance of temporal ion chemistry in groundwater by collecting groundwater from 43 different location of the district and analysed for major and minor ions. These ions were then used for the irrigation classification of groundwater and to bring out the mechanisms responsible ofthe water chemistry of the region during different seasons

Study on the Significance of Temporal Ion Chemistry in Groundwater of Dindigul District, Tamilnadu, India

Abstract: The demand of water supply is increasing day by day to meet the pace of developments in domestic, agricultural and industrial sectors especially in developing countries like India. Groundwater being a scarce commodity in a hard rock terrain like Dindigul district an attempt has been made in this study brings out the significance of temporal ion chemistry in groundwater by collecting groundwater from 43 different location of the district and analysed for major and minor ions. These ions were then used for the irrigation classification of groundwater and to bring out the mechanisms responsible of the water chemistry of the region during different seasons

Significance of pCO2 values in determining carbonate chemistry in groundwater of Pondicherry region, India

The partial pressure of Carbon-Di-oxide plays a significant role in the water chemistry. It reflects thegeochemical process and relates to the saturation index (SI) of the Carbonate minerals. A total number of 98 samples were collected from layered sequential aquifers like Alluvium, Upper Cuddalore sandstone, Lower Cuddalore Sandstone and Cretaceous formations, during Pre-Monsoonand Post-Monsoon seasons. Chemical parameters of groundwater such as pH, EC, TDS, Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl–, HCO–3 , SO2–4 , PO3–4 and H4SiO4 were determined. The study shows that an increase in the log pCO2 values during water-rock interaction which influences the processof mineral dissolution. Saturation index of the carbonate minerals like Calcite, Aragonite, Dolomite and Magnesite were derived and compared with the log pCO2 values. In both the seasons the decreasing log pCO2 increases the saturation index of most of the carbonate minerals studied. The saturation index of almost all carbonate minerals during both the seasons showed negative correlationirrespective of the formation. Log pCO2 also develops a negative correlation with pH in groundwater of the study area

A Study on the Impact of Landuse Pattern in the Groundwater Quality in and Around Madurai Region, South India-Using GIS Techniques

The study was aimed to identify and delineate the groundwater potable zone in and around Madurai region. The study area is composed of Charnockites and Khondalites of Archaean age. The information of Lithology, geomorphology and land use/land cover was generated using the Resourcesat (IRS P6 LISS IV) and Survey of India (SoI) toposheets of scale 1: 50,000 and integrated them with GIS to identify the groundwater potable zones of the study area. On the basis of hydrogeomorphology, groundwater potential zones was identified and delineated. From the overlay analyses of landuse and EC, it is inferred that poor category groundwater is found in the scrub forest, current fallow, canal and scrub with land areas

A study on the arsenic concentration in groundwater of a coastal aquifer in south-east India: an integrated approach

The occurrence of arsenic in drinking water and its detrimental effects have drawn much attention in recent years. Several studies have been conducted in the deltaic plains of River Ganga, NE part of the India, and in other countries, but no systematic study was conducted in South India on occurrence of arsenic in groundwater. The main aim of this study is to determine the level of arsenic in groundwater and to understand the relation with other geochemical parameters of groundwater in the south-eastern coastal aquifer at Kalpakkam region, India. This region is represented by three different lithologies, viz. charnockites, flood plain alluvium and marine alluvium. Twenty-nine representative samples of groundwater were collected and analysed for major ions, metals and isotopes such as 2H and 18O. In addition, geophysical method was also attempted to understand the subsurface condition. The spatial variation in arsenic (As) indicates that higher concentration was observed around the landfill sites and irrigated regions, which was supported by geochemical, statistical and isotopic inferences. The variation in the As with depth, lithology and sources has been clearly brought out. Though the values of As does not exceed the drinking water permissible limit (10 mg/l), it has reached a near permissible level of 8.7 ppb. Hence, it is essential to understand the geochemical behaviour of As for a proper future management of the water resource in the study area