Investigation of Exposure Based Pedestrian Accident Areas: Crosswalks, Sidewalks, Local Streets, and Major Arterials

DTFH61-84-C-00017Previous FHWA research on pedestrian exposure identified four problem areas as promising candidates for accident reduction: intersections without marked pedestrian crosswalks, major arterial streets, local streets, and locations lacking sidewalks or pedestrian pathways. This report describes the results of a project undertaken to examine those four problem areas. The objectives of the project were to: evaluate past research on pedestrian crosswalk markings and develop guidance for when and what type of crosswalk markings should be provided; investigate traffic engineering improvements for major arterial streets to increase pedestrian safety; investigate traffic engineering improvements for local streets to increase pedestrian safety; and examine existing guidance/warrants for the provision of pedestrian pathways and sidewalks and prepare revised guidance/warrants

Theory and practice: bulk synthesis of C3B and its H2- and Li-storage capacity.

Previous theoretical studies of C3B have suggested that boron-doped graphite is a promising H2- and Li-storage material, with large maximum capacities. These characteristics could lead to exciting applications as a lightweight H2-storage material for automotive engines and as an anode in a new generation of batteries. However, for these applications to be realized a synthetic route to bulk C3B must be developed. Here we show the thermolysis of a single-source precursor (1,3-(BBr2)2C6H4) to produce graphitic C3B, thus allowing the characteristics of this elusive material to be tested for the first time. C3B was found to be compositionally uniform but turbostratically disordered. Contrary to theoretical expectations, the H2- and Li-storage capacities are lower than anticipated, results that can partially be explained by the disordered nature of the material. This work suggests that to model the properties of graphitic materials more realistically, the possibility of disorder must be considered.We thank the ERC (Advance Investigator awards for D.S.W., C.P.G.), the EPSRC (T.C.K., P.D.M., H.G., J.C.), and the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (under grants ENE2011-24-412 and IPT-2011-1553-420000). We thank John Bulmer for Raman spectroscopy and Keith Parmenter for glass blowing. We thank the Schlumberger Gould Research Centre for XPS analysis.This is the author accepted manuscript. The final version is available from Wiley via http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.20141220

Mortality and pulmonary complications in patients undergoing surgery with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection: an international cohort study

Background: The impact of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) on postoperative recovery needs to be understood to inform clinical decision making during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. This study reports 30-day mortality and pulmonary complication rates in patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection. Methods: This international, multicentre, cohort study at 235 hospitals in 24 countries included all patients undergoing surgery who had SARS-CoV-2 infection confirmed within 7 days before or 30 days after surgery. The primary outcome measure was 30-day postoperative mortality and was assessed in all enrolled patients. The main secondary outcome measure was pulmonary complications, defined as pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, or unexpected postoperative ventilation. Findings: This analysis includes 1128 patients who had surgery between Jan 1 and March 31, 2020, of whom 835 (74·0%) had emergency surgery and 280 (24·8%) had elective surgery. SARS-CoV-2 infection was confirmed preoperatively in 294 (26·1%) patients. 30-day mortality was 23·8% (268 of 1128). Pulmonary complications occurred in 577 (51·2%) of 1128 patients; 30-day mortality in these patients was 38·0% (219 of 577), accounting for 81·7% (219 of 268) of all deaths. In adjusted analyses, 30-day mortality was associated with male sex (odds ratio 1·75 [95% CI 1·28–2·40], p\textless0·0001), age 70 years or older versus younger than 70 years (2·30 [1·65–3·22], p\textless0·0001), American Society of Anesthesiologists grades 3–5 versus grades 1–2 (2·35 [1·57–3·53], p\textless0·0001), malignant versus benign or obstetric diagnosis (1·55 [1·01–2·39], p=0·046), emergency versus elective surgery (1·67 [1·06–2·63], p=0·026), and major versus minor surgery (1·52 [1·01–2·31], p=0·047). Interpretation: Postoperative pulmonary complications occur in half of patients with perioperative SARS-CoV-2 infection and are associated with high mortality. Thresholds for surgery during the COVID-19 pandemic should be higher than during normal practice, particularly in men aged 70 years and older. Consideration should be given for postponing non-urgent procedures and promoting non-operative treatment to delay or avoid the need for surgery. Funding: National Institute for Health Research (NIHR), Association of Coloproctology of Great Britain and Ireland, Bowel and Cancer Research, Bowel Disease Research Foundation, Association of Upper Gastrointestinal Surgeons, British Association of Surgical Oncology, British Gynaecological Cancer Society, European Society of Coloproctology, NIHR Academy, Sarcoma UK, Vascular Society for Great Britain and Ireland, and Yorkshire Cancer Research

Novel Method for Determination of Substance P Levels in Unextracted Human Plasma by Using Acidification▿

Substance P (SP) is a member of the tachykinin family and has an important role in immune responses. SP is detectable in plasma in a free and bound state. Simple modification of a commercially available SP enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay allows the dissociation and capture of plasma SP without solid-phase extraction

Nonlinear Passivity Based Control Law with Application to Electropneumatic System

International audienc

Investigation of exposure based pedestrian accident areas: crosswalks, sidewalks, local streets and major arterials. Final report.

Federal Highway Administration, Office of Research and Development, McLean, Va.Mode of access: Internet.COP: 2Author corporate affiliation: Center for Applied Research, Great Falls, Va.Report covers the period May 1984 - Nov 1986Subject code: CDJHSubject code: CRDSubject code: EMSubject code: WTFSubject code: WTP