Biallelic NAA60 variants with impaired n-terminal acetylation capacity cause autosomal recessive primary familial brain calcifications

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is characterized by calcium deposition in the brain, causing progressive movement disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive decline. PFBC is a heterogeneous disorder currently linked to variants in six different genes, but most patients remain genetically undiagnosed. Here, we identify biallelic NAA60 variants in ten individuals from seven families with autosomal recessive PFBC. The NAA60 variants lead to loss-of-function with lack of protein N-terminal (Nt)-acetylation activity. We show that the phosphate importer SLC20A2 is a substrate of NAA60 in vitro. In cells, loss of NAA60 caused reduced surface levels of SLC20A2 and a reduction in extracellular phosphate uptake. This study establishes NAA60 as a causal gene for PFBC, provides a possible biochemical explanation of its disease-causing mechanisms and underscores NAA60-mediated Nt-acetylation of transmembrane proteins as a fundamental process for healthy neurobiological functioning

Intérêt thérapeutique de la privation en fer dans les cancers du sein

Deregulation of tumor cell metabolism is a clearly established cancer hallmark. To ensure their high proliferation rate, cancer cells adapt their metabolism to meet their new energy needs. In this context, tumor cells display increased iron needs as well as multiple disturbances in their iron metabolism, making them more susceptible to iron deprivation. This vulnerability could be a therapeutic target. In breast cancers, the development of new therapeutic approaches is urgently needed for patients with triple negative tumors (TNBC) which frequently develop chemotherapies resistance and suffer from a lack of targeted therapies. The anticancer activity of iron chelators such as deferasirox (DFX) assessed in monotherapy has been demonstrated in different types of cancers. However, iron chelators do not appear to be effective enough to eradicate cancer. In this work, we demonstrated that DFX synergizes with standard chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, cisplatin and carboplatin to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis and autophagy in TNBC cell lines. Moreover, the combination of DFX with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide allowed to delay or avoid recurrences in breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX) without increasing the side-effects of chemotherapies alone or altering global iron storage of mice. At the molecular level, we showed that the antitumor synergy of DFX and doxorubicin involves a down-regulation of PI3K and NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, as TNBC patients with low iron storage in their tumor present a better prognosis, we thought that iron deprivation mediated by iron chelators may all the more increase the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapies for TNBC treatment.La dérégulation du métabolisme des cellules tumorales est un hallmark du cancer clairement établi. Pour assurer leur taux de proliferation élevé, les cellules cancéreuses adaptent leur métabolisme, ce qui leur permet de répondre à leurs nouveaux besoins énergétiques. Dans ce contexte, les cellules tumorales présentent des besoins en fer augmentés ainsi que de multiples perturbations du métabolisme du fer, ce qui les rend plus sensibles à la privation en fer. Cette vulnérabilité pourrait ainsi faire l’objet d’un ciblage thérapeutique. Dans les cancers du sein, de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques sont très attendues en particulier pour les cancers triple-négatifs qui développent fréquemment des résistances à la chimiothérapie et qui souffrent d'un manque de cibles thérapeutiques spécifiques. L’activité antitumorale des chélateurs de fer tels que le déférasirox (DFX) évalués en monothérapie a déjà été démontrée dans différents types de cancers mais ne semble pas être suffisamment efficace pour éradiquer les tumeurs. Dans cette étude, nous avons démontré que le DFX agit en synergie avec des molécules de chimiothérapies conventionnelles telles que la doxorubicine, le cisplatine et le carboplatine pour inhiber la prolifération cellulaire et induire l’apoptose et l’autophagie de lignées cellulaires mammaires de sous-type triple-négatif. De plus, la combinaison du DFX avec la doxorubicine et le cyclophosphamide permet de retarder voire d’éviter les récidives dans des xénogreffes de tumeurs mammaires triple-négatives (PDX) sans augmenter les effets secondaires de la chimiothérapie seule ni impacter les réserves en fer globales des souris. Au niveau moléculaire, nous avons montré que la synergie antitumorale du DFX et de la doxorubicine implique une inhibition des voies PI3K et NF-κB. Par ailleurs, étant donné que les patients présentant un cancer triple-négatif avec de faibles réserves en fer tumorales présentent un bon pronostic, nous pensons que la privation en fer au moyen de chélateurs de fer pourrait constituer une approche d’autant plus efficace pour augmenter l’efficacité des chimiothérapies conventionnelles dans le traitement de ces cancers

Iron deprivation for breast cancer treatment

La dérégulation du métabolisme des cellules tumorales est un hallmark du cancer clairement établi. Pour assurer leur taux de proliferation élevé, les cellules cancéreuses adaptent leur métabolisme, ce qui leur permet de répondre à leurs nouveaux besoins énergétiques. Dans ce contexte, les cellules tumorales présentent des besoins en fer augmentés ainsi que de multiples perturbations du métabolisme du fer, ce qui les rend plus sensibles à la privation en fer. Cette vulnérabilité pourrait ainsi faire l’objet d’un ciblage thérapeutique. Dans les cancers du sein, de nouvelles approches thérapeutiques sont très attendues en particulier pour les cancers triple-négatifs qui développent fréquemment des résistances à la chimiothérapie et qui souffrent d'un manque de cibles thérapeutiques spécifiques. L’activité antitumorale des chélateurs de fer tels que le déférasirox (DFX) évalués en monothérapie a déjà été démontrée dans différents types de cancers mais ne semble pas être suffisamment efficace pour éradiquer les tumeurs. Dans cette étude, nous avons démontré que le DFX agit en synergie avec des molécules de chimiothérapies conventionnelles telles que la doxorubicine, le cisplatine et le carboplatine pour inhiber la prolifération cellulaire et induire l’apoptose et l’autophagie de lignées cellulaires mammaires de sous-type triple-négatif. De plus, la combinaison du DFX avec la doxorubicine et le cyclophosphamide permet de retarder voire d’éviter les récidives dans des xénogreffes de tumeurs mammaires triple-négatives (PDX) sans augmenter les effets secondaires de la chimiothérapie seule ni impacter les réserves en fer globales des souris. Au niveau moléculaire, nous avons montré que la synergie antitumorale du DFX et de la doxorubicine implique une inhibition des voies PI3K et NF-κB. Par ailleurs, étant donné que les patients présentant un cancer triple-négatif avec de faibles réserves en fer tumorales présentent un bon pronostic, nous pensons que la privation en fer au moyen de chélateurs de fer pourrait constituer une approche d’autant plus efficace pour augmenter l’efficacité des chimiothérapies conventionnelles dans le traitement de ces cancers.Deregulation of tumor cell metabolism is a clearly established cancer hallmark. To ensure their high proliferation rate, cancer cells adapt their metabolism to meet their new energy needs. In this context, tumor cells display increased iron needs as well as multiple disturbances in their iron metabolism, making them more susceptible to iron deprivation. This vulnerability could be a therapeutic target. In breast cancers, the development of new therapeutic approaches is urgently needed for patients with triple negative tumors (TNBC) which frequently develop chemotherapies resistance and suffer from a lack of targeted therapies. The anticancer activity of iron chelators such as deferasirox (DFX) assessed in monotherapy has been demonstrated in different types of cancers. However, iron chelators do not appear to be effective enough to eradicate cancer. In this work, we demonstrated that DFX synergizes with standard chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, cisplatin and carboplatin to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis and autophagy in TNBC cell lines. Moreover, the combination of DFX with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide allowed to delay or avoid recurrences in breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDX) without increasing the side-effects of chemotherapies alone or altering global iron storage of mice. At the molecular level, we showed that the antitumor synergy of DFX and doxorubicin involves a down-regulation of PI3K and NF-κB pathways. Furthermore, as TNBC patients with low iron storage in their tumor present a better prognosis, we thought that iron deprivation mediated by iron chelators may all the more increase the effectiveness of conventional chemotherapies for TNBC treatment

Interplay between primary familial brain calcification-associated SLC20A2 and XPR1 phosphate transporters requires inositol polyphosphates for control of cellular phosphate homeostasis

International audienc

The iron chelator deferasirox synergises with chemotherapy to treat triple-negative breast cancers

To ensure their high proliferation rate, tumor cells have an iron metabolic disorder causing them to have increased iron needs, making them more susceptible to iron deprivation. This vulnerability could be a therapeutic target. In breast cancers, the development of new therapeutic approaches is urgently needed for patients with triple-negative tumors, which frequently relapse after chemotherapy and suffer from a lack of targeted therapies. In this study, we demonstrated that deferasirox (DFX) synergises with standard chemotherapeutic agents such as doxorubicin, cisplatin and carboplatin to inhibit cell proliferation and induce apoptosis and autophagy in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) cells. Moreover, the combination of DFX with doxorubicin and cyclophosphamide delayed recurrences in breast cancer patient-derived xenografts without increasing the side-effects of chemotherapies alone or altering the global iron storage of mice. Antitumor synergy of DFX and doxorubicin seems to involve downregulation of the phosphoinositide 3-kinase and nuclear factor-kappa B pathways. Iron deprivation in combination with chemotherapy could thus help to improve the effectiveness of chemotherapy in TNBC patients without increasing toxicity

VOPP1 promotes breast tumorigenesis by interacting with the tumor suppressor WWOX

International audienceBACKGROUND:The WW domain-containing oxidoreductase (WWOX) gene, frequently altered in breast cancer, encodes a tumor suppressor whose function is mediated through its interactions with cancer-related proteins, such as the pro-apoptotic protein p73α.RESULTS:To better understand the involvement of WWOX in breast tumorigenesis, we performed a yeast two-hybrid screen and co-immunoprecipitation assays to identify novel partners of this protein. We characterized the vesicular overexpressed in cancer pro-survival protein 1 (VOPP1) as a new regulator of WWOX. In breast cancer cells, VOPP1 sequestrates WWOX in lysosomes, impairs its ability to associate with p73α, and inhibits WWOX-dependent apoptosis. Overexpressed VOPP1 potentiates cellular transformation and enhances the growth of transplanted tumors in vivo. VOPP1 is overexpressed in breast tumors, especially in tumors that retain WWOX. Moreover, increased expression of VOPP1 is associated with reduced survival of patients with WWOX-positive, but not with WWOX-negative, tumors.CONCLUSIONS:These findings emphasize the importance of the sequestration of WWOX by VOPP1 in addition to WWOX loss in breast tumors and define VOPP1 as a novel oncogene promoting breast carcinogenesis by inhibiting the anti-tumoral effect of WWOX

Haploinsufficiency of the Primary Familial Brain Calcification Gene SLC20A2

International audienceObjective Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is a rare cerebral microvascular calcifying disorder with diverse neuropsychiatric expression. Five genes were reported as PFBC causative when carrying pathogenic variants. Haploinsufficiency of SLC20A2, which encodes an inorganic phosphate importer, is a major cause of autosomal-dominant PFBC. However, PFBC remains genetically unexplained in a proportion of patients, suggesting the existence of additional genes or cryptic mutations. We analyzed exome sequencing data of 71 unrelated, genetically unexplained PFBC patients with the aim to detect copy number variations that may disrupt the expression of core PFBC-causing genes. Methods After the identification of a deletion upstream of SLC20A2, we assessed its consequences on gene function by reverse transcriptase droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (RT-ddPCR), an ex vivo inorganic phosphate uptake assay, and introduced the deletion of a putative SLC20A2 enhancer mapping to this region in human embryonic kidney 293 (HEK293) cells by clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) - CRISPR-associated protein 9 (Cas9). Results The 8p11.21 deletion, segregating with PFBC in a family, mapped 35 kb upstream of SLC20A2. The deletion carriers/normal controls ratio of relative SLC20A2 mRNA levels was 60.2% (P < 0.001). This was comparable with that of patients carrying an SLC20A2 premature stop codon (63.4%; P < 0.001). The proband exhibited a 39.3% decrease of inorganic phosphate uptake in blood (P = 0.015). In HEK293 cells, we observed a 39.8% decrease in relative SLC20A2 mRNA levels after normalization on DNA copy number (P < 0.001). Discussion We identified a deletion of an enhancer of SLC20A2 expression, with carriers showing haploinsufficiency in similar ranges to loss-of-function alleles, and we observed reduced mRNA levels after deleting this element in a cellular model. We propose a 3-step strategy to identify and easily assess the effect of such events. © 2020 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Societ

Biallelic NAA60 variants with impaired N-terminal acetylation capacity cause autosomal recessive primary familial brain calcifications

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is characterized by calcium deposition in the brain, causing progressive movement disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive decline. PFBC is a heterogeneous disorder currently linked to variants in six different genes, but most patients remain genetically undiagnosed. Here, we identify biallelic NAA60 variants in ten individuals from seven families with autosomal recessive PFBC. The NAA60 variants lead to loss-of-function with lack of protein N-terminal (Nt)-acetylation activity. We show that the phosphate importer SLC20A2 is a substrate of NAA60 in vitro. In cells, loss of NAA60 caused reduced surface levels of SLC20A2 and a reduction in extracellular phosphate uptake. This study establishes NAA60 as a causal gene for PFBC, provides a possible biochemical explanation of its disease-causing mechanisms and underscores NAA60-mediated Nt-acetylation of transmembrane proteins as a fundamental process for healthy neurobiological functioning

Biallelic NAA60 variants with impaired n-terminal acetylation capacity cause autosomal recessive primary familial brain calcifications

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is characterized by calcium deposition in the brain, causing progressive movement disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive decline. PFBC is a heterogeneous disorder currently linked to variants in six different genes, but most patients remain genetically undiagnosed. Here, we identify biallelic NAA60 variants in ten individuals from seven families with autosomal recessive PFBC. The NAA60 variants lead to loss-of-function with lack of protein N-terminal (Nt)-acetylation activity. We show that the phosphate importer SLC20A2 is a substrate of NAA60 in vitro. In cells, loss of NAA60 caused reduced surface levels of SLC20A2 and a reduction in extracellular phosphate uptake. This study establishes NAA60 as a causal gene for PFBC, provides a possible biochemical explanation of its disease-causing mechanisms and underscores NAA60-mediated Nt-acetylation of transmembrane proteins as a fundamental process for healthy neurobiological functioning

Biallelic NAA60 variants with impaired n-terminal acetylation capacity cause autosomal recessive primary familial brain calcifications.

Primary familial brain calcification (PFBC) is characterized by calcium deposition in the brain, causing progressive movement disorders, psychiatric symptoms, and cognitive decline. PFBC is a heterogeneous disorder currently linked to variants in six different genes, but most patients remain genetically undiagnosed. Here, we identify biallelic NAA60 variants in ten individuals from seven families with autosomal recessive PFBC. The NAA60 variants lead to loss-of-function with lack of protein N-terminal (Nt)-acetylation activity. We show that the phosphate importer SLC20A2 is a substrate of NAA60 in vitro. In cells, loss of NAA60 caused reduced surface levels of SLC20A2 and a reduction in extracellular phosphate uptake. This study establishes NAA60 as a causal gene for PFBC, provides a possible biochemical explanation of its disease-causing mechanisms and underscores NAA60-mediated Nt-acetylation of transmembrane proteins as a fundamental process for healthy neurobiological functioning